The initiation sites and influencing factors of cavity nucleation were investigated for a Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy with lamellar starting structure,using the isothermal hot compression test.All samples were deformed to...The initiation sites and influencing factors of cavity nucleation were investigated for a Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy with lamellar starting structure,using the isothermal hot compression test.All samples were deformed to a true strain of 0.70 in the temperature range of 750-950°C and strain rate range of 0.001-10 s-1.The corresponding microstructures were observed by means of the metallurgical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).It was found that all cavities occurred at the bulge regions of the compression specimens.Most of cavities nucleated along prior beta boundaries oriented 45°to the compression axis,while others nucleated at the interfaces of lamellar alpha colonies.Cavity nucleation was inhibited with increasing the volume fraction of beta phase and the volume fraction spheroidized of lamellar alpha phase.展开更多
Toll-like receptors （TLRs） 7 and 8 are crucial in host defence against single-stranded RNA （ssRNA） viruses. Such viruses cause severe illnesses, which remain a serious medical burden in both industrialised and dev...Toll-like receptors （TLRs） 7 and 8 are crucial in host defence against single-stranded RNA （ssRNA） viruses. Such viruses cause severe illnesses, which remain a serious medical burden in both industrialised and developing countries. TLR7/8 downstream signaling leads tO a dramatic cellular stress associated with energy consumption. However, the molecular mechanisms of cell survival and adaptation to TLR7/8-induced stress, which give the cells an opportunity to initiate proper inflammatory reactions, are not clear at all. Here we report for the first time that ligand-induced activation of TLR7/8 leads to the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha （HIF-1α） protein in THP-1 human myeloid macrophages via redoxand reactive nitrogen species-dependent mechanisms. MAP kinases and phosphoinositol-3K are not involved in TLR7/8-mediated HIF-1α accumulation. Experiments with HIF-1α knockdown THP- 1 cells have clearly demonstrated that HIF-1α is important for the protection of these cells against TLR7/8-induced depletion of ATP. Thus, HIF-1α might support both cell survival and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon TLR7/8 activation.展开更多
A brain-computer interface(BCI)-based electric wheelchair control system was developed, which enables the users to move the wheelchair forward or backward, and turn left or right without any pre-learning. This control...A brain-computer interface(BCI)-based electric wheelchair control system was developed, which enables the users to move the wheelchair forward or backward, and turn left or right without any pre-learning. This control system makes use of the amplitude enhancement of alpha-wave blocking in electroencephalogram(EEG) when eyes close for more than 1 s to constitute a BCI for the switch control of wheelchair movements. The system was formed by BCI control panel, data acquisition, signal processing unit and interface control circuit. Eight volunteers participated in the wheelchair control experiments according to the preset routes. The experimental results show that the mean success control rate of all the subjects was 81.3%, with the highest reaching 93.7%. When one subject's triggering time was 2.8 s, i.e., the flashing time of each cycle light was 2.8 s, the average information transfer rate was 8.10 bit/min, with the highest reaching 12.54 bit/min.展开更多
Dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, the 21^st Century epidemic, is one of the most signifcant social and health crises which has currently afficted nearly 44 million patients worldwide and about new 7.7 million ...Dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, the 21^st Century epidemic, is one of the most signifcant social and health crises which has currently afficted nearly 44 million patients worldwide and about new 7.7 million cases are reported every year. This portrays the unmet need towards better understanding of Alzheimer’s disease pathomechanisms and related research towards more effective treatment strategies. The review thus comprehensively addresses Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology with an insight of underlying multicascade pathway and elaborates possible therapeutic targets- particularly anti-amyloid approaches, anti-tau approaches, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, glutamatergic system modifiers, immunotherapy, anti-nflammatory targets, antioxidants, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors and insulin. In spite of extensive research leading to identification of newer targets and potent drugs, complete cure of Alzheimer’s disease appears to be an unreached holy grail. This can be attributed to their ineffective delivery across blood brain barrier and ultimately to the brain. With this understanding, researchers are now focusing on development of drug delivery systems to be delivered via suitable route that can circumvent blood brain barrier effectively with enhanced patient compliance. In this context, we have summarized current drug delivery strategies by oral, transdermal, intravenous, intranasal and other miscellaneous routes and have accentuated the future standpoint towards promising therapy ultimately eading to Alzheimer’s disease cure.展开更多
A 27 year-old male patient was diagnosed with Behcet＇s disease cortex）, （TNF） which resulted in reduced visual acuity and field of vision. This alpha blocker therapy on Behcet＇s cerebral vasculitis （BD） case a...A 27 year-old male patient was diagnosed with Behcet＇s disease cortex）, （TNF） which resulted in reduced visual acuity and field of vision. This alpha blocker therapy on Behcet＇s cerebral vasculitis （BD） case and posterior visual pathway demonstrates the effect of tum affection （visual or necrosis factor展开更多
The empirical study uses black swan approach to analyze the performance of South African （ZA） listed property loan stocks （PLSs）. Although there are no empirical studies on black swan perspective and performance o...The empirical study uses black swan approach to analyze the performance of South African （ZA） listed property loan stocks （PLSs）. Although there are no empirical studies on black swan perspective and performance of listed real estate funds, the study found that there are similar traits of investing in listed real estate funds from emerging markets＇ perspective and what black swan advocates such as passive investment strategy and non-normality distribution of returns from listed real estate funds. Furthermore, the individual return of each fund was higher the return of the property loan stocks index and the probabilities of all variables confirm that they （variables） are significant when alpha is 10% at confidence level of 90%.展开更多
This paper proposes an additive nanomanufacturing approach to fabricate a personalized lab-on-a-chip fluorescent peptide nanoparticles （f-PNPs） array for simultaneous multi-biomarker detection that can be used in Al...This paper proposes an additive nanomanufacturing approach to fabricate a personalized lab-on-a-chip fluorescent peptide nanoparticles （f-PNPs） array for simultaneous multi-biomarker detection that can be used in Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） diagnosis. We will discuss optimization techniques for the additive nanomanufacturing process in terms of reliability, yield and manufacturing efficiency. One contribution of this paper lies in utilization of additive nanomanufacturing techniques to fabricate a patient-specific customize-designed lab-on-a-chip device for personalized AD diagnosis, which remains a major challenge for biomedical engineering. Through the integrated bio-design and bio-manufacturing process, doctor＇s check- up and computer-aided customized design are integrated into the lab-on-a-chip array for patient-specific AD diagnosis. In addition, f-PNPs with targeting moieties for personalized AD biomarkers will be self-assembled onto the customized lab-on-a- chip through the additive nanomanufacturing process, which has not been done before. Another contribution of this research is the personalized lab-on-a-chip f-PNPs array for AD diagnosis utilizing limited human blood. Blood-based AD assessment has been described as ＂the holy grail＂ of early AD detection. This research created the computer-aided design, fabrication through additive nanomanufacturing, and validation of the f-PNPs array for AD diagnosis. This is a highly interdisciplinary research contributing to nanotechnology, biomaterials, and biomedical engineering for neurodegenerative disease. The conceptual work is preliminary with intent to introduce novel techniques to the application. Large-scale manufacturing based on the proposed framework requires extensive validation and optimization.展开更多
基金Project(2009ZE56014)supported by the Aeronautical Science Foundation of ChinaProject(gf200901008)supported by the Open Fund of National Defense Key Disciplines Laboratory of Light Alloy Processing Science and Technology,Nanchang Hangkong University,China
文摘The initiation sites and influencing factors of cavity nucleation were investigated for a Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy with lamellar starting structure,using the isothermal hot compression test.All samples were deformed to a true strain of 0.70 in the temperature range of 750-950°C and strain rate range of 0.001-10 s-1.The corresponding microstructures were observed by means of the metallurgical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).It was found that all cavities occurred at the bulge regions of the compression specimens.Most of cavities nucleated along prior beta boundaries oriented 45°to the compression axis,while others nucleated at the interfaces of lamellar alpha colonies.Cavity nucleation was inhibited with increasing the volume fraction of beta phase and the volume fraction spheroidized of lamellar alpha phase.
文摘Toll-like receptors （TLRs） 7 and 8 are crucial in host defence against single-stranded RNA （ssRNA） viruses. Such viruses cause severe illnesses, which remain a serious medical burden in both industrialised and developing countries. TLR7/8 downstream signaling leads tO a dramatic cellular stress associated with energy consumption. However, the molecular mechanisms of cell survival and adaptation to TLR7/8-induced stress, which give the cells an opportunity to initiate proper inflammatory reactions, are not clear at all. Here we report for the first time that ligand-induced activation of TLR7/8 leads to the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha （HIF-1α） protein in THP-1 human myeloid macrophages via redoxand reactive nitrogen species-dependent mechanisms. MAP kinases and phosphoinositol-3K are not involved in TLR7/8-mediated HIF-1α accumulation. Experiments with HIF-1α knockdown THP- 1 cells have clearly demonstrated that HIF-1α is important for the protection of these cells against TLR7/8-induced depletion of ATP. Thus, HIF-1α might support both cell survival and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon TLR7/8 activation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81222021,No.30970875,No.90920015,No.61172008 and No.81171423)National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2012BAI34B02)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of the Ministry of Education of China(No.NCET-10-0618)
文摘A brain-computer interface(BCI)-based electric wheelchair control system was developed, which enables the users to move the wheelchair forward or backward, and turn left or right without any pre-learning. This control system makes use of the amplitude enhancement of alpha-wave blocking in electroencephalogram(EEG) when eyes close for more than 1 s to constitute a BCI for the switch control of wheelchair movements. The system was formed by BCI control panel, data acquisition, signal processing unit and interface control circuit. Eight volunteers participated in the wheelchair control experiments according to the preset routes. The experimental results show that the mean success control rate of all the subjects was 81.3%, with the highest reaching 93.7%. When one subject's triggering time was 2.8 s, i.e., the flashing time of each cycle light was 2.8 s, the average information transfer rate was 8.10 bit/min, with the highest reaching 12.54 bit/min.
文摘Dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, the 21^st Century epidemic, is one of the most signifcant social and health crises which has currently afficted nearly 44 million patients worldwide and about new 7.7 million cases are reported every year. This portrays the unmet need towards better understanding of Alzheimer’s disease pathomechanisms and related research towards more effective treatment strategies. The review thus comprehensively addresses Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology with an insight of underlying multicascade pathway and elaborates possible therapeutic targets- particularly anti-amyloid approaches, anti-tau approaches, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, glutamatergic system modifiers, immunotherapy, anti-nflammatory targets, antioxidants, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors and insulin. In spite of extensive research leading to identification of newer targets and potent drugs, complete cure of Alzheimer’s disease appears to be an unreached holy grail. This can be attributed to their ineffective delivery across blood brain barrier and ultimately to the brain. With this understanding, researchers are now focusing on development of drug delivery systems to be delivered via suitable route that can circumvent blood brain barrier effectively with enhanced patient compliance. In this context, we have summarized current drug delivery strategies by oral, transdermal, intravenous, intranasal and other miscellaneous routes and have accentuated the future standpoint towards promising therapy ultimately eading to Alzheimer’s disease cure.
文摘A 27 year-old male patient was diagnosed with Behcet＇s disease cortex）, （TNF） which resulted in reduced visual acuity and field of vision. This alpha blocker therapy on Behcet＇s cerebral vasculitis （BD） case and posterior visual pathway demonstrates the effect of tum affection （visual or necrosis factor
文摘The empirical study uses black swan approach to analyze the performance of South African （ZA） listed property loan stocks （PLSs）. Although there are no empirical studies on black swan perspective and performance of listed real estate funds, the study found that there are similar traits of investing in listed real estate funds from emerging markets＇ perspective and what black swan advocates such as passive investment strategy and non-normality distribution of returns from listed real estate funds. Furthermore, the individual return of each fund was higher the return of the property loan stocks index and the probabilities of all variables confirm that they （variables） are significant when alpha is 10% at confidence level of 90%.
文摘This paper proposes an additive nanomanufacturing approach to fabricate a personalized lab-on-a-chip fluorescent peptide nanoparticles （f-PNPs） array for simultaneous multi-biomarker detection that can be used in Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） diagnosis. We will discuss optimization techniques for the additive nanomanufacturing process in terms of reliability, yield and manufacturing efficiency. One contribution of this paper lies in utilization of additive nanomanufacturing techniques to fabricate a patient-specific customize-designed lab-on-a-chip device for personalized AD diagnosis, which remains a major challenge for biomedical engineering. Through the integrated bio-design and bio-manufacturing process, doctor＇s check- up and computer-aided customized design are integrated into the lab-on-a-chip array for patient-specific AD diagnosis. In addition, f-PNPs with targeting moieties for personalized AD biomarkers will be self-assembled onto the customized lab-on-a- chip through the additive nanomanufacturing process, which has not been done before. Another contribution of this research is the personalized lab-on-a-chip f-PNPs array for AD diagnosis utilizing limited human blood. Blood-based AD assessment has been described as ＂the holy grail＂ of early AD detection. This research created the computer-aided design, fabrication through additive nanomanufacturing, and validation of the f-PNPs array for AD diagnosis. This is a highly interdisciplinary research contributing to nanotechnology, biomaterials, and biomedical engineering for neurodegenerative disease. The conceptual work is preliminary with intent to introduce novel techniques to the application. Large-scale manufacturing based on the proposed framework requires extensive validation and optimization.
