现代陶艺课程对黑龙江省东南部地区“陶”文化应用研究

现代陶艺课程从学生的兴趣爱好角度切入,促进学生个性的发挥,从而实现课程的多元化发展,包括“陶”修复与复原基本操作技术、“陶”在公共空间中的艺术创造力和表现力、产品满足市场需求的能力等。针对黑龙江省牡丹江地区区域经济发展、黑龙江省东南部地区历史文化,结合创新创业大赛等社会实践内容以及文创产品、大型陶艺公共艺术作品,培养学生主动学习、善于创造的实践应用能力。

湘“瓷”还是潭“陶”?——古潭州(长沙)铜官窑多彩釉造物名实新论

唐至五代时的长沙已由晋时湘州缩小并改为潭州治所,时下本宜以潭窑相称的唐长沙铜官古窑则一直被刻意名为长沙窑。同时借文化产业发展需要及"湘瓷泛轻花"故而将其多彩釉造物产品划归为瓷的观念成为一种时尚。然而稽以文献并经由实地考察比较后发现,将唐长沙铜官古窑造物产品划归为瓷的观念在古窑所处州郡沿革、治学态度及"湘瓷"实指等方面都存诸多矛盾。考诸唐人见闻并经由对其选料分析发现,唐时古潭州(长沙)铜官窑多彩釉造物产品与其说是瓷器不如说是带有某种瓷性倾向的陶器,亦即所谓"古岸陶为器";这为客观定性古潭州(长沙)古窑多彩釉造物产品及其源流提供了新的思路。

《方言》“陶”之训“养”说

"陶(匋)"的本义是烧制(瓦器),并由此产生了丰富的引申义。烧制过程即"变化"过程,映射到社会生活、精神生活领域就有了"化育""造就"等义;当专指人的时候,就有了"培育""培养"等义。上述引申路径从历史语料所提供的参构词素和平行例证中都得到了证明。《方言》以"养"训"陶"是以引申义作释,不是其他词的"音转",也不需要"以音求之"。

新见齐“陶”戈考

笔者新见一件铜戈,从铭文字体特征和戈的形制等因素综合判断,应是战国中期齐国兵器,铭文可读为“陶”,即先秦陶地。此戈对于补充战国时期文字资料、历史地理信息有重要价值。

不同香型白酒在陶缸陈酿过程中的变化研究

为了弄清楚不同香型白酒在陶缸陈酿过程中的变化情况,更好地指导原酒的科学贮存,选取3种香型白酒(清香、浓香、酱香)分别放入陶缸中进行陈酿3年,研究3种香型白酒在陶缸陈酿过程中酒精度、金属元素、微量风味成分和感官风格的变化情况。随着储存时间的延长,酯类物质含量总体呈现下降趋势,三年左右趋于平衡,酸类物质缓慢增加,高级醇含量轻微下降;Na、K、Mg、Fe、Zn等金属元素显示出升高的趋势;感官评分呈一定的增加趋势。

宋陶岳《零陵总记》辑补

北宋陶岳《零陵总记》十五卷,为记述唐代湖南南部零陵旧地景观名胜与文人轶事的最早一部专书,宋及明代频见徵引,明以后散佚不见。清陈运溶辑佚七条,今人王晓天增补一条,共八条,仍有未尽。兹略为辑补,共得三十六条,合并条目编为二十九条,聊补史之阙文。

柳宗元的千古寂寞——兼叙陶柳之辨

向来陶、柳并称。粗看起来,在诗境冲淡的一格上来说,柳确实有与陶相似的一面,但陶柳的相似只是表面的而非本质的,二人之间更多的是"不似"。柳宗元虽然"好佛",但他始终坚持儒家济世的思想准则,他的逃避只是逃避苦闷,而并非现实斗争。实际上,正是由于不能与现实接触、斗争,才有了深刻的苦闷。他一刻也未能忘怀他的政治理想,这与更倾向于道家思想意识的陶渊明可说是截然不同。陶的人生观基本上是道家的,他从宏观的角度看待社会、人生,把人生放在宇宙中去考察,得出等生死、齐是非、同荣辱、混物我的观点,陶主动归隐,柳被贬蛮荒,所以在陶的诗里,我们看到那么多的平淡自适,柳诗中却有着太多的无奈与幽愤。陶柳也有相似的地方:柳宗元的深于理想、执着于理想,与陶渊明的逃避与恶浊的现实相沉浮的坚定决绝很相似,都是一种对于人生观的执着、坚定。不过其内核一个是欲与交锋,另一个却是逃避交锋。后世诗论家对陶诗冲淡的啧啧称赞、对柳诗峭刻的不以为然,体现的正是封建文人面对现实政治的软弱性--惜哉,千载而乏知音,柳宗元的寂寞至今令人悲慨!

汉字中所蕴涵的古代陶器文化信息

烧陶工艺的发明和古文字的产生几乎是不约而同的。透过几个与陶器有关的汉字的基本构件形体的研究,可以窥测到古汉字形体中所蕴涵的丰富的古代陶器文化信息。由此可见,我们的远古祖先在"陶器是文明的指数"上,为中华文明史谱写了光辉的一页;在其丰富的创造中,陶器称得上是最值得称道的发明。

Predicting the Degradability of Bioceramics through a DFT-based Descriptor

Bioceramics have attracted extensive attention for bone defect repair due to their excellent bioactivity and degradability.However,challenges remain in matching the rate between bioceramic degradation and new bone formation,necessitating a deeper understanding of their degradation properties.In this study,density functional theory(DFT)calculations was employed to explore the structural and electronic characteristics of silicate bioceramics.These findings reveal a linear correlation between the maximum isosurface value of the valence band maximum(VBM_(Fmax))and the degradability of silicate bioceramics.This correlation was subsequently validated through degradation experiments.Furthermore,the investigation on phosphate bioceramics demonstrates the potential of this descriptor in predicting the degradability of a broader range of bioceramics.This discovery offers valuable insights into the degradation mechanism of bioceramics and holds promise for accelerating the design and development of bioceramics with controllable degradation.

Microstructure and Oxidation Behavior of ZrB_(2)-SiC Ceramics Fabricated by Tape Casting and Reactive Melt Infiltration

ZrB_(2)-based ceramics typically necessitate high temperature and pressure for sintering,whereas ZrB_(2)-SiC ceramics can be fabricated at 1500℃using the process of reactive melt infiltration with Si.In comparison to the conventional preparation method,reactive synthesis allows for the more facile production of ultra-high temperature ceramics with fine particle size and homogeneous composition.In this work,ZrSi_(2),B4C,and C were used as raw materials to prepare ZrB_(2)-SiC via combination of tape casting and reactive melt infiltration herein referred to as ZBC ceramics.Control sample of ZrB_(2)-SiC was also prepared using ZrB_(2) and SiC as raw materials through an identical process designated as ZS ceramics.Microscopic analysis of both ceramic groups revealed smaller and more uniformly distributed particles of the ZrB_(2) phase in ZBC ceramics compared to the larger particles in ZS ceramics.Both sets of ceramics underwent cyclic oxidation testing in the air at 1600℃for a cumulative duration of 5 cycles,each cycle lasting 2 h.Analysis of the oxidation behavior showed that both ZBC ceramics and ZS ceramics developed a glassy SiO_(2)-ZrO_(2) oxide layer on their surfaces during the oxidation.This layer severed as a barrier against oxygen.In ZBC ceramics,ZrO_(2) is finely distributed in SiO_(2),whereas in ZS ceramics,larger ZrO_(2) particles coexist with glassy SiO_(2).The surface oxide layer of ZBC ceramics maintains a dense structure because the well-dispersed ZrO_(2) increases the viscosity of glassy SiO_(2),preventing its crystallization during the cooling.Conversely,some SiO_(2) in the oxide layer of ZS ceramics may crystallize and form a eutectic with ZrO_(2),leading to the formation of ZrSiO_(4).This leads to cracking of the oxide layer due to differences in thermal expansion coefficients,weakening its barrier effect.An analysis of the oxidation resistance shows that ZBC ceramics exhibit less increase in oxide layer thickness and mass compared to ZS ceramics,suggesting superior oxidation resistance of ZBC ceramics.

Mechanical Properties and Thermal Shock Resistance of SrAl_(2)Si_(2)O_(8) Reinforced BN Ceramic Composites

Hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)ceramics have become exceptional materials for heat-resistant components in hypersonic vehicles,owing to their superior thermal stability and excellent dielectric properties.However,their densification during sintering still poses challenges for researchers,and their mechanical properties are rather unsatisfactory.In this study,SrAl_(2)Si_(2)O_(8)(SAS),with low melting point and high strength,was introduced into the h-BN ceramics to facilitate the sintering and reinforce the strength and toughness.Then,BN-SAS ceramic composites were fabricated via hot press sintering using h-BN,SrCO_(3),Al_(2)O_(3),and SiO_(2) as raw materials,and effects of sintering pressure on their microstructure,mechanical property,and thermal property were investigated.The thermal shock resistance of BN-SAS ceramic composites was evaluated.Results show that phases of as-preparedBN-SAS ceramic composites are h-BN and h-SrAl_(2)Si_(2)O_(8).With the increase of sintering pressure,the composites’densities increase,and the mechanical properties shew a rising trend followed by a slight decline.At a sintering pressure of 20 MPa,their bending strength and fracture toughness are(138±4)MPa and(1.84±0.05)MPa·m^(1/2),respectively.Composites sintered at 10 MPa exhibit a low coefficient of thermal expansion,with an average of 2.96×10^(-6) K^(-1) in the temperature range from 200 to 1200℃.The BN-SAS ceramic composites prepared at 20 MPa display higher thermal conductivity from 12.42 to 28.42 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1) within the temperature range from room temperature to 1000℃.Notably,BN-SAS composites exhibit remarkable thermal shock resistance,with residual bending strength peaking and subsequently declining sharply under a thermal shock temperature difference ranging from 600 to 1400℃.The maximum residual bending strength is recorded at a temperature difference of 800℃,with a residual strength retention rate of 101%.As the thermal shock temperature difference increase,the degree of oxidation on the ceramic surface and cracks due to thermal stress are also increased gradually.

Microstructure and ablation behavior of Zr-based ultra-high-temperature gradient composites

To obtain high-performance Zr-based ultra-high-temperature composites,Zr-based ultra-high-temperature gradient composites were prepared by changing the laying method of the infiltrant via reactive melt infiltration.The effects of different infiltrant laying methods on the microstructure and ablative properties of Zr-based ultrahigh-temperature gradient composites were investigated.The results showed that the gradient structure of the Zr-based ultrahigh-temperature gradient composites differed when the composition ratio of the infiltrant was changed.When the thicknesses of the Zr/Mo/Si layers were 6/4/12 mm and 8/2/12 mm,the SiMoZrC solid solution content in the samples increased and decreased along the infiltration direction,respectively.The gradient samples were ablated in an oxyacetylene flame at 3000°C for 40 s.The ablation resistance of the sample was the highest when the infiltrant was a powder and the thickness of the Zr/Mo/Si layer was 6/4/12 mm.

Evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties in multi-layer 316L-TiC composite fabricated by selective laser melting additive manufacturing

In this study,the microstructure and mechanical properties of a multi-layered 316L-TiC composite material produced by selective laser melting(SLM)additive manufacturing process are investigated.Three different layers,consisting of 316L stainless steel,316L-5 wt%TiC and 316L-10 wt%TiC,were additively manufactured.The microstructure of these layers was characterized by optical microscopy(OM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).X-ray diffraction(XRD)was used for phase analysis,and the mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile and nanoindentation tests.The microstructural observations show epitaxial grain growth within the composite layers,with the elongated grains growing predominantly in the build direction.XRD analysis confirms the successful incorporation of the TiC particles into the 316L matrix,with no unwanted phases present.Nanoindentation results indicate a significant increase in the hardness and modulus of elasticity of the composite layers compared to pure 316L stainless steel,suggesting improved mechanical properties.Tensile tests show remarkable strength values for the 316L-TiC composite samples,which can be attributed to the embedded TiC particles.These results highlight the potential of SLM in the production of multi-layer metal-ceramic composites for applications that require high strength and ductility of metallic components in addition to the exceptional hardness of the ceramic particles.

士风重建与人物书写:以陶榖形象的塑造为例

陶榖曾先后在后晋、后汉、后周和北宋任官,是五代宋初文人的典型代表之一。其性格偏激急躁,追求名利,行事作风为当时人和后世所诟病。然而,陶榖的形象通过史料和文学作品的加工处理而典型化、脸谱化,并不能够完全反映其真实面目。通过对陶榖家庭背景和行为的具体分析,可以对陶榖其人有更加真实全面的了解,同时也能够更好地认识五代宋初所面临的士风重建问题。

Investigation of bioactivity and biodegradability of Mg-bioceramic implants:An in vitro study for biomedical applications

In this study,Mg-based composites,by the addition of ZnO,Ca_(2)ZnSi_(2)O_(7),Ca_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7),and CaSiO_(3)as bioactive agents,were fabricated using friction stir processing.The microstructure and in vitro assessment of bioactivity,biodegradation rate,and corrosion behavior of the resultant composites were investigated in simulated body fluid(SBF).The results showed that during the immersion of composites in SBF for 28 d,due to the release of Ca^(2+)and PO_(4)^(3-)ions,hydroxyapatite(HA)crystals with cauliflower shaped morphology were deposited on the surface of composites,confirming good bioactivity of composites.In addition,due to the uniform distribution of bioceramic powders throughout Mg matrix,grain refinement of the Mg matrix,and uniform redistribution of secondary phase particles,the polarization resistance increased,and the biodegradation rate of composites significantly reduced compared to monolithic Mg matrix.The polarization corrosion resistance of Mg-ZnO increased from 0.216 to 2.499 kΩ/cm^(2)compared to monolithic Mg alloy.Additionally,Mg-ZnO composite with the weight loss of 0.0217 g after 28 d immersion showed lower weight loss compared to other samples with increasing immersion time.Moreover,Mg-ZnO composite with the biodegradation rate of 37.71 mm/a exhibited lower biodegradation rate compared to other samples with increasing immersion time.

A Hybrid Compensation Scheme for the Input Rate-Dependent Hysteresis of the Piezoelectric Ceramic Actuators

A hybrid compensation scheme for piezoelectric ceramic actuators(PEAs)is proposed.In the hybrid compensation scheme,the input rate-dependent hysteresis characteristics of the PEAs are compensated.The feedforward controller is a novel input rate-dependent neural network hysteresis inverse model,while the feedback controller is a proportion integration differentiation(PID)controller.In the proposed inverse model,an input ratedependent auxiliary inverse operator(RAIO)and output of the hysteresis construct the expanded input space(EIS)of the inverse model which transforms the hysteresis inverse with multi-valued mapping into single-valued mapping,and the wiping-out,rate-dependent and continuous properties of the RAIO are analyzed in theories.Based on the EIS method,a hysteresis neural network inverse model,namely the dynamic back propagation neural network(DBPNN)model,is established.Moreover,a hybrid compensation scheme for the PEAs is designed to compensate for the hysteresis.Finally,the proposed method,the conventional PID controller and the hybrid controller with the modified input rate-dependent Prandtl-Ishlinskii(MRPI)model are all applied in the experimental platform.Experimental results show that the proposed method has obvious superiorities in the performance of the system.

南宋王质《绍陶录》的版本及其他

南宋王质的《绍陶录》因《栗里谱》、《华阳谱》而著名。《绍陶录》是一部诗文别集,因收入二谱,以致后人对其分类众说纷纭;《林泉结契》是摘《绍陶录》卷下各辞而成,因而造成了版本上的一些混乱。本文对《绍陶录》的成书时间、创作意图及版本、内容等予以考述,纠正了一些误解。

需索讼费:清末民间诉讼中的吏役——以《陶甓公牍》中相关案件为例

清末徽州的民间诉讼中,吏役因讼索费的现象十分普遍。《陶甓公牍》记载的几个典型案例反映出吏役在需索讼费时呈现出上下勾结、内外串联,鱼肉良懦、贪得无厌,巧立名目、层层克扣,煽动挑唆、狡诈异常的行为特点。而这种行为对案件的审判进程、民众对诉讼的态度、地方官处理民间诉讼的方式以及吏役群体的自身形象产生了巨大影响。吏役需索讼费现象在清末的延续、加重和顽固与当时的社会环境密切相关,是各种社会因素环环相扣,相互影响,形成恶性循环的结果。

新出陶觥铭献疑

陶觥乃新见之商代青铜器,出土情况不明,就其铭文考察,存在诸多可疑之处。首先,铭文首句记小臣脯被王赐予百工之事,以当时之语言材料考察,与情理难容。其次,铭中“圭”“璧”“章”等字写法均与其常见形体不合。第三,出现了“上祖癸”这一生造之词。第四,铭末的“嗣”字用法不明,既无法以“继承”之本义解之,又与其时“嗣”字的假借情况、使用情况相悖。故笔者以为此铭实有作伪之嫌。

從核心義談“陶”的義位聯繫

核心義是本義中所藴含的特徵義,制約一個詞大多數義項的發展,是各義位間一以貫之的聯結紐帶。本義以"陶"爲例,將它的義項歸爲三類:一是本義及其相關延伸義;二是由特徵産生的核心義,包括形狀特徵義、過程特徵義和功用特徵義等;三是音近假借義。同時也討論了近義或類義詞的同步引申、同步構詞以及比喻在漢語詞義發展中的作用等相關問題。