论“静观”与“唐宋互参”之间的理论渊源——从苏轼到査慎行

苏轼的"静观"论融合了佛禅、道家与儒家思想的多重基因,既重视创作主体与外界隔绝的沉思冥想,又重视主体心灵与外界的感应兴发,两者并存互补,相辅相成。在这方面,苏轼的理论和创作都有出色的表现,并且深刻地影响了清代著名诗人查慎行。在査慎行看来,这个"静观"论是超越或沟通唐音宋派的,因而可以作为他所宣扬、倡导的"唐宋互参"诗歌理论的基点之一,从而也使他的诗歌创作典型地体现了清诗折中于唐、宋而偏向于宋的集大成的性质。

Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma accompanied by microscopic portal vein invasion

AIM:To investigate the prognostic factors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) accompanied by microscopic portal vein invasion(PVI).METHODS:Of the 267 patients with HCC undergoing hepatic resection at Aso Iizuka Hospital,71 had PVI.After excluding 16 patients with HCC that invaded the main trunk and the first and second branches of the portal vein,55 patients with microscopic PVI were enrolled.RESULTS:The patients with HCC accompanied by microscopic invasion were divided into two groups:solitary PVI(PVI-S:n = 44),and multiple PVIs(PVI-M:n = 11).The number of portal vein branches invaded by tumor thrombi was 5.4 ± 3.8(2-16) in patients with PVI-M.In cumulative survival,PVI-M was found to be a significantly poor prognostic factor(P = 0.0019);while PVI-M and non-anatomical resection were significantly poor prognostic factors in disease-free survival(P = 0.0213,and 0.0115,respectively).In patients with PVI-M,multiple intrahepatic recurrence was more common than in the patients with PVI-S(P = 0.0049).In patients with PVI-S,non-anatomical resection was a significantly poor prognostic factor in disease-free survival(P = 0.0370).Operative procedure was not a significant prognostic factor in patients with PVI-M.CONCLUSION:The presence of PVI-M was a poor prognostic factor in patients with HCC,accompanied by microscopic PVI.Anatomical resection is recommended in these patients with HCC.Patients with HCC and PVI-M may also be good candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy.

^(18)F-FETNIM PET/CT hypoxia imaging in non-small cell lung cancer:preliminary clinical observation

Objective:The aims of this study were to evaluate potential side effects of 18F-fluoroerythronitroimidazole (18F-FETNIM) as a new-type hypoxia-imaging agent and to investigate the feasibility of 18F-FETNIM PET imaging in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and the correlations of hypoxia extent with tumor volume or pathological type. Methods: Twenty-six NSCLC patients were prospectively included in the study. PET/CT scans were performed 2 h after intravenous injection of 18F-FETNIM in all 26 patients. A pixel-by-pixel calculation of tumor to blood (T/B) activity ratio for all image planes was calculated. The number of pixels in the tumor volume with a T/B ratio≥ 1.5,indicating significant hypoxia,was determined and converted to mL units to measure the hypoxia volume (HV). Results: The images were clearly identified after 2 h post-injection of 18F-FETNIM. The tumors in 4 cases were not distinguished from background,while the remaining 22 displayed local 18F-FETNIM uptake in thoracic lesions moderately to markedly higher than background. There was no correlation between 18F-FETNIM uptake with pathological type. There were significant correlations of HV and also the T/B ratio with tumor volume. Conclusion:18F-FETNIM is a promising hypoxia-imaging agent which clinical use is safe and satisfactory. The preliminary study provides valuable methods and experience to its further research.

Microstructure and properties of alumina-silicon carbide nanocomposites fabricated by pressureless sintering and post hot-isostatic pressing

A1203/5%SIC nanocomposites were fabricated by pressureless sintering using MgO as a sintering aid and then post hot-isostatic pressed （HIP）, which can subsequently break through the disadvantage of hot-pressing process. The MgO additive was able to promote the densification of the composites, but could not induce the grain growth of A1203 matrix due to the grain growth inhibition by nano-sized SiC particles. After HIP treatment, A12OJSiC nanocomposites achieved full densification and homogeneous distribution of nano-sized SiC particles. Moreover, the fracture morphology of HIP treated specimens was identical with that of the hot-pressed A1203/SiC nanocomposites showing complete transgranular fracture. Consequently, high fracture strength of 1 GPa was achieved for the A1203/5%SIC nanocomposites by pressureless sintering and post HIP process.

Static and Dynamic Indicators in the Analysis of Internal Sources of Companies＇ Investments Financing

The Republic of Serbia is characterized by an unsatisfactory macroeconomic environment. Under the conditions of an evident shortage of liquid assets, the financial capital has moved from real to the financial sector, which led companies to over-indebtedness and shutdown of their own capacities. Therefore, capital investments largely depend on internal financing sources and the ability of companies to internally generate funds for investments. In this regard, an emphasis is placed on the difference in the assessment of the company＇s investment capacity based on internal financing sources, which are measured using static and dynamic indicators in order to prove the necessity of applying dynamic coefficients, which are unfortunately not present in our domestic practice. The paper examines and proves the advantages of the use of the dynamic approach for such analyses using the example of energy sector, which is one of the most important branches in Serbian economy.

The Problems of Senior Three Students＇ ＂Mute-Crux＂ in English Learning in China

English is widely taught as an FL （foreign language） in most middle schools in China. Chinese students have improved their English reading and writing these years, but they are relatively poor in listening and speaking. The author, based on the empirical study, made an investigation on Senior Three students in Leshan city. The statistics from the questionnaire indicate the problem of ＂Mute-crux＂ in English teaching and learning. This paper explores the reasons that cause the problem： teachers＇ use of the traditional ways, just emphasizing the transmission of English knowledge, but ignoring the meaningful communication with students; exercise-based and exam-oriented teaching, which cause students＇ rote-learning. The author proposes that Chinese English teachers ought to change the traditional notions and adopt effective ways to encourage students to speak bravely in order to improve their speaking abilities

Radial Forces in a Centrifugal Compressor; Experimental Investigation by Using Magnetic Bearings and Static Pressure Distribution

The volute of a centrifugal compressor causes a non-uniform pressure distribution which leads to a radial force on the impeller. This force was measured using magnetic bearings. In addition, the radial force was estimated using the static pressure distribution measured at the impeller outlet. The impeller force was found to be the highest at choke, the lowest at the design flow and moderate at stall. The radial force determined from the pressure measurements was only slightly different from the force obtained from the bearing measurements. The rotational speed was seen to affect the force to some extent.

A Macro Model for Traffic Flow with Consideration of Static Bottleneck

In this paper, we develop a macro model for traffic flow with consideration of static bottleneck to explore the impacts of static bottleneck on traffic flow. The analytical and numerical results show that the proposed model can qualitatively describe the equilibrium flux, uniform flow and small perturbation under the action of a static bottleneck.

Correction method for non-landing measuring of vehicle-mounted theodolite based on static datum conversion

During the non-landing measuring of vehicle mounted theodolite, especially under high-speed tracking measurement, the misalignment of theodolite's center of mass and spindle etc. will cause high-frequency vibration of theodolite platform, increase the observation error of targets and even unbelievable results. In this paper, a correction method of non-landing measuring of theodolite based on static datum conversion is presented, which can effectively improve the observation accuracy of theodolite. The CCD camera is fixed to the theodolite platform to calculate the gesture shaking quantity of theodolite platform in geodetic coordinate system through the real time imaging of static datum. The observation results of theodolite are corrected by using such shaking quantity. The experiment shows that the correction accuracy exceeds 10 s of arc. The intrinsic parameter calibration technology of camera based on stellar angular distance and absolute conic put forward in this paper can prevent the estimated error of extrinsic parameters influencing the intrinsic parameter calibration and improve the intrinsic parameter calibration accuracy; the static datum conversion technology can reduce the influence of installation error of camera and theodolite platform on gesture measuring of the platform. The simulation experiment shows that when the shaking range of the platform is less than 30 min of arc, the influence of the three-axis installation error of camera within 3deg on the accuracy of correction results is less than 8 s of arc. The method in this paper can be extended to and used in the field of gesture shaking measuring and micro-structure deformation of various unstable platforms, therefore it is of important theoretical research significance and has wide engineering application prospect.

The Micro-foundations of the Environmental Kuznets Curve

This paper presents a simple and straight-forward static model of the micro-foundations of the environmental Kuznets curve, in which the relationship between income and pollution depends on the relative magnitudes of the diminishing income-compensated price elasticity of environmental amenity and increasing marginal propensity to earn environmental amenity out of non-environment income. The smaller the income-compensated price elasticity and the larger the marginal propensity to earn out of non-environment income, the earlier the turning point emerges. This key feature of our model generalizes the specific features of many existing models and generates many of their implications.