While there is no consensus on the number of domestic sex trafficking victims in India, the phenomenon is estimated to be widespread and the evidence of its impact on victims is devastating. This paper explored the na...While there is no consensus on the number of domestic sex trafficking victims in India, the phenomenon is estimated to be widespread and the evidence of its impact on victims is devastating. This paper explored the narratives of 10 sex trafficked women from a major non-government organization in New Delhi. Qualitative methodology was adopted and data were collected through open-ended unstructured interviews. The victimological paradigm including the Lifestyle Risk Model （LRM） by Van der Hoven and Maree provided the framework to discuss the key issues related to sex trafficking. Psychological experiences such as being abused by husbands, and in some cases, victims＇ own families; social conditions such as poverty and education; cultural practices such as vulnerability of women and marginalization; and lifestyle risk factors were observed throughout the stories of the victims. Furthermore, shame was found to be the core emotion in the stigmatization process. Limitations and future directions are also discussed.展开更多
Amharic folk literature is a time-honoured tradition dating back to the imperial songs of the 14th and 15th centuries. One of these subgenres is Amharic folk poetry which is permeated with the political, social, econo...Amharic folk literature is a time-honoured tradition dating back to the imperial songs of the 14th and 15th centuries. One of these subgenres is Amharic folk poetry which is permeated with the political, social, economic, and cultural legacies of successive Ethiopian governments that rise and demise. The image of these governments was determined by their integrity, vision, and responsiveness to the aspirations of the populace. This study was designed to determine the popular image of the imperial governments of Menelik II and Haile Selasse I as reflected in Amharic folk poetry. Without prejudice to some odes which invariably idealise the vision of these monarchs, the politically-inspired Amharic folk poetry is found to be critical of the feudal status quo thus perpetuating its negative images. This underpins the partial unpopularity of Menilik and Haile Selasse. However, these critical gestures would by no means undermine their monumental contributions to the reunification, modernization, and survival of Ethiopia. Thus, the contemporary Amharic folk-poetry is neither iconoclastic nor idealistic but an impassioned allegory of the nation-state.展开更多
After the monetary and political crisis of 1997 and 1998, Indonesia has been viewed by some observers as having entered into a transitional phase from authoritarian rule by a strong state toward a new democratic syste...After the monetary and political crisis of 1997 and 1998, Indonesia has been viewed by some observers as having entered into a transitional phase from authoritarian rule by a strong state toward a new democratic system of government in which civil societies will play a more prominent role. Democratization process is also accompanied by the rise of a strong civil society, which would together result in more efficient and transparent governments at local levels. This article aims to show the dynamic of democratization process in Indonesia, in which civil societies such as business actors, NGOs （non-government organizations）, journalists, scientists, business associations, consumer organizations, etc., play a more apparent role. Focused on the establishment of Private Sector Ombudsman （Lembaga Ombudsman Swasta--LOS） and also its role and responsibility, the author examines how LOS has become an alternative option for consumers to strengthen access to justice. In the last three years, LOS has succeeded in handling more than 200 cases and some of them have been the hottest issues. On the one hand, the emergence of LOS shows that civil society in Yogyakarta has played a significant role in implementing business ethics and good governance principles, and on the other hand, LOS has been proven to be the answer for consumers＇ needs in which consumers＇ complaints settled quickly, informal, and free of charge.展开更多
The research is a brief analysis of recent legislation in Argentina about the intangible heritage and its relationship with Brazilian instruments. This is a study about links between the two laws and their touch point...The research is a brief analysis of recent legislation in Argentina about the intangible heritage and its relationship with Brazilian instruments. This is a study about links between the two laws and their touch points and their differences. It will be seen that the legislative actions follow a common sense but are targeted for different acts of management of cultural heritage. We will be able to observe how legislation, whether it is Argentine or Brazilian, works as a mediator between the reclaiming of heritage （as in the acknowledgement of cultural practices） and the government actions towards cultural heritage. This shows that Argentina, despite not creating specific federal legislation regarding intangible cultural heritage, is aware of the need to preserve the cultural events that belong in this category of heritage展开更多
文摘While there is no consensus on the number of domestic sex trafficking victims in India, the phenomenon is estimated to be widespread and the evidence of its impact on victims is devastating. This paper explored the narratives of 10 sex trafficked women from a major non-government organization in New Delhi. Qualitative methodology was adopted and data were collected through open-ended unstructured interviews. The victimological paradigm including the Lifestyle Risk Model （LRM） by Van der Hoven and Maree provided the framework to discuss the key issues related to sex trafficking. Psychological experiences such as being abused by husbands, and in some cases, victims＇ own families; social conditions such as poverty and education; cultural practices such as vulnerability of women and marginalization; and lifestyle risk factors were observed throughout the stories of the victims. Furthermore, shame was found to be the core emotion in the stigmatization process. Limitations and future directions are also discussed.
文摘Amharic folk literature is a time-honoured tradition dating back to the imperial songs of the 14th and 15th centuries. One of these subgenres is Amharic folk poetry which is permeated with the political, social, economic, and cultural legacies of successive Ethiopian governments that rise and demise. The image of these governments was determined by their integrity, vision, and responsiveness to the aspirations of the populace. This study was designed to determine the popular image of the imperial governments of Menelik II and Haile Selasse I as reflected in Amharic folk poetry. Without prejudice to some odes which invariably idealise the vision of these monarchs, the politically-inspired Amharic folk poetry is found to be critical of the feudal status quo thus perpetuating its negative images. This underpins the partial unpopularity of Menilik and Haile Selasse. However, these critical gestures would by no means undermine their monumental contributions to the reunification, modernization, and survival of Ethiopia. Thus, the contemporary Amharic folk-poetry is neither iconoclastic nor idealistic but an impassioned allegory of the nation-state.
文摘After the monetary and political crisis of 1997 and 1998, Indonesia has been viewed by some observers as having entered into a transitional phase from authoritarian rule by a strong state toward a new democratic system of government in which civil societies will play a more prominent role. Democratization process is also accompanied by the rise of a strong civil society, which would together result in more efficient and transparent governments at local levels. This article aims to show the dynamic of democratization process in Indonesia, in which civil societies such as business actors, NGOs （non-government organizations）, journalists, scientists, business associations, consumer organizations, etc., play a more apparent role. Focused on the establishment of Private Sector Ombudsman （Lembaga Ombudsman Swasta--LOS） and also its role and responsibility, the author examines how LOS has become an alternative option for consumers to strengthen access to justice. In the last three years, LOS has succeeded in handling more than 200 cases and some of them have been the hottest issues. On the one hand, the emergence of LOS shows that civil society in Yogyakarta has played a significant role in implementing business ethics and good governance principles, and on the other hand, LOS has been proven to be the answer for consumers＇ needs in which consumers＇ complaints settled quickly, informal, and free of charge.
文摘The research is a brief analysis of recent legislation in Argentina about the intangible heritage and its relationship with Brazilian instruments. This is a study about links between the two laws and their touch points and their differences. It will be seen that the legislative actions follow a common sense but are targeted for different acts of management of cultural heritage. We will be able to observe how legislation, whether it is Argentine or Brazilian, works as a mediator between the reclaiming of heritage （as in the acknowledgement of cultural practices） and the government actions towards cultural heritage. This shows that Argentina, despite not creating specific federal legislation regarding intangible cultural heritage, is aware of the need to preserve the cultural events that belong in this category of heritage
