基于生态经济视角的我国农业发展研究

生态经济学概念自从20世纪20年代中期首次提出以来就得到国内外各界的不断完善。我国农业发展存在着土地经营规模不大、人口规模的爆炸式增长、农业资源拥有量不足、科技贡献率处于较低水平等"非生态性"弊端。生态农业则从自身理论特点与我国农业实践出发提出了因地制宜、合理利用资源、加大科技开发和推广、加强政府管理与引导等合理化建议,这为我国绿色农业及社会的共同发展奠定了坚实的基础。

鄱阳湖生态经济区建设与区域教育变革

从本质内涵来看,鄱阳湖生态经济区建设对教育有特别的吁求。当前环鄱地区教育实践存在三个弊端:"非生态性";"单向度性";"非本土性",这些弊端满足不了鄱阳湖生态经济区建设的需要。为了更好地进行鄱阳湖生态经济区建设,在环鄱地区,必须要积极开展生态教育立法,强化区域生态科研与生态教育,在普通高等教育中要切实重视通识教育,另外,还要开发实施区域生态保护相关的校本课程。

Comparative study on three dynamic modulus of elasticity and static modulus of elasticity for Lodgepole pine lumber

The dynamic and static modulus of elasticity （MOE） between bluestained and non-bluestained lumber of Lodgepole pine were tested and analyzed by using three methods of Non-destructive testing （NDT）, Portable Ultrasonic Non-destructive Digital Indicating Testing （Pundit）, Metriguard and Fast Fourier Transform （FFT） and the normal bending method. Results showed that the dynamic and static MOE of bluestained wood were higher than those of non-bluestained wood. The significant differences in dynamic MOE and static MOE were found between bulestained and non-bluestained wood, of which, the difference in each of three dynamic MOE （Ep. the ultrasonic wave modulus of elasticity, Ems, the stress wave modulus of elasticity and El, the longitudinal wave modulus of elasticity） between bulestained and non-bluestained wood arrived at the 0.01 significance level, whereas that in the static MOE at the 0.05 significance level. The differences in MOE between bulestained and non-bluestained wood were induced by the variation between sapwood and heartwood and the different densities of bulestained and non-bluestained wood. The correlation between dynamic MOE and static MOE was statistically significant at the 0.01 significance level. Although the dynamic MOE values of Ep, Em, Er were significantly different, there exists a close relationship between them （arriving at the 0.01 correlation level）. Comparative analysis among the three techniques indicated that the accurateness of FFT was higher than that of Pundit and Metriguard. Effect of tree knots on MOE was also investigated. Result showed that the dynamic and static MOE gradually decreased with the increase of knot number, indicating that knot number had significant effect on MOE value.

Adaptability evaluation of transportation system and urban development

Sixty indexes, ranging from social development and economy increasing to ecological protection and transportation system construction, are chosen to construct an index system of adaptability evaluation on transportation system and urban development. A synthesis model with nonlinear characteristic is proposed, and the corresponding procedure is presented based on an improved AHP model, which utilizes the SVD method to improve the required precision of matrix with acceptable consistency weight and detect and amend the significant elements via distance and proximity so as to improve the whole consistency. Taking Shandong Province for the case study, experimental results indicate that the adaptability degree of the system is in an increasing state, which provides robust and effective support for decision-makers working on a range of problems and in various circumstances.

Application of the Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbations Method in a Theoretical Grassland Ecosystem

Using a simplified nonlinearly theoretical grassland ecosystem proposed by Zeng et al.,we study the sensitivity and nonlinear instability of the grassland ecosystem to finiteamplitude initial perturbations with the approach of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation （CNOP）.The results show that the linearly stable grassland （desert or latent desert） states can turn to be nonlinearly unstable with finite amplitude initial perturbations.When the precipitation is between the two bifurcation points,a large enough finite amplitude initial perturbation can induce a transition between the grassland statethe desert state or the latent desert.

Application of a Derivative-Free Method with Projection Skill to Solve an Optimization Problem

Improving numerical forecasting skill in the atmospheric and oceanic sciences by solving optimization problems is an important issue. One such method is to compute the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP), which has been applied widely in predictability studies. In this study, the Differential Evolution(DE) algorithm, which is a derivative-free algorithm and has been applied to obtain CNOPs for exploring the uncertainty of terrestrial ecosystem processes, was employed to obtain the CNOPs for finite-dimensional optimization problems with ball constraint conditions using Burgers' equation. The aim was first to test if the CNOP calculated by the DE algorithm is similar to that computed by traditional optimization algorithms, such as the Spectral Projected Gradient(SPG2) algorithm. The second motive was to supply a possible route through which the CNOP approach can be applied in predictability studies in the atmospheric and oceanic sciences without obtaining a model adjoint system, or for optimization problems with non-differentiable cost functions. A projection skill was first explanted to the DE algorithm to calculate the CNOPs. To validate the algorithm, the SPG2 algorithm was also applied to obtain the CNOPs for the same optimization problems. The results showed that the CNOPs obtained by the DE algorithm were nearly the same as those obtained by the SPG2 algorithm in terms of their spatial distributions and nonlinear evolutions. The implication is that the DE algorithm could be employed to calculate the optimal values of optimization problems, especially for non-differentiable and nonlinear optimization problems associated with the atmospheric and oceanic sciences.

Soil Characteristics and Nutrients in Different Tea Garden Types in Fujian Province, China

Anxi is the largest producing area of Tie Guanyin tea in China. “The cultural system of Tie Guanyin tea in Anxi” was selected as “Nationaly Important Agricultural Heritage Systems” （China-NIAHS） in 2014. Tea gardens in this region are organic, ecological or non-ecological. After sampling the soil in these three kinds of tea gardens, we compared soil properties and nutrient content at different soil depths using physical and chemical analyses. Our aim was to provide a scientiifc basis for the management of tea plantations. We measured and analyzed soil in two organic, three ecological and one non-ecological tea gardens at depths of 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm in Anxi County. According to Duncan multiple comparisons and t tests, soil nutrients differed between organic and ecological or non-ecological tea gardens at 0–10 cm. Organic matter and total nitrogen differed between organic and non-ecological tea garden soils at 10–20 cm. In organic tea gardens, soil bulk density, porosity, relative water content, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were advantageous for tea tree growth. In ecological tea gardens, the indicators were appropriate and relatively advantageous for tea tree growth at a soil depth of 0–10 cm. For non-ecological tea garden, the nutrients were at a compact level and negatively affect tea growth. These results show that soil properties and nutrient content in organic and ecological tea gardens are superior to non-ecological tea garden. The development of organic tea gardens is the most suitable strategy for the growth of tea trees.

COMPLEX ECO-ECONOMY SYSTEM

In the past there were a lot of researches on the topic of economic growth. Nevertheless, the environment has been a bit abstracted by standard economics. Scarce natural resources and our choices to protect them or exploit them jointly determine the economic and environmental systems. In this paper we describe a model with a particular focus on the relationship among income, pollution, and non-renewable resources. We want to combine both economic and environmental sectors. The system dynamics approach is used in analyzing these complex relationships. This paper gives an insight into the possibilities for replacing non-renewable resources with more renewable ones. Next, we present the simulation runs of the model that are conducted with the help of existing system dynamics modeling tools. Only the relationships simulated so far between the variables ought to be put under yet more cautious examination.

OBSERVATION OF NONLINEAR VERTICUM-TYPE SYSTEMS APPLIED TO ECOLOGICAL MONITORING

In this paper the concept of a nonlinear verticumtype observation system is introduced. These systems are composed from several ＂subsystems＂ connected sequentially in a particular way： a part of the state variables of each ＂subsystem＂ also appears in the next ＂subsystem＂ as an ＂exogenous variable＂ which can also be interpreted as a con trol generated by an ＂exosystem＂. Therefore these ＂subsystems＂ are not observation systems, but formally can be considered as controlobservation systems. The problem of observability of such systems can be reduced to rank conditions on the ＂subsystems＂. Indeed, under the condition of Lyapunov stability of an equilibrium of the ＂large＂, verticumtype system, it is shown that the Kalman rank condition on the linearization of the ＂subsystems＂ implies the observability of the original, nonlinear verticumtype system. For an illustration of the above linearization result, a stagestructured fishery model with reserve area is considered. Observability for this system is obtained by applying the above linearization and decomposition approach. Furthermore, it is also shown that, applying an appropriate observer design method to each subsystem, from the observa tion of the biomass densities of the adult （harvested） stage, in both areas, the biomass densities of the prerecruit stage can be efficiently estimated.

Impaired function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus rescues the loss of body temperature homeostasis caused by time-restricted feeding

The suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN)is the master circadian pacemaker that drives body temperature rhythm.Time-restricted feeding(TRF)has potential as a preventative or therapeutic approach against many diseases.The potential side effects of TRF remain unknown.Here we show that daily 4-h TRF treatment in mice can severely impair body temperature homeostasis and can result in lethality.Nearly half of the mice died at 21℃,and all mice died at 18℃during 4-h TRF.This effect was modulated by the circadian clock and was associated with severe hypothermia due to loss of body temperature homeostasis.Remarkably,disrupting the circadian clock by SCN lesions or constant light rescued lethality during TRF.Analysis of circadian gene expression in the dorsomedial hypothalamus(DMH)demonstrated that TRF reprograms rhythmic transcriptome in DMH and suppresses expression of genes,such as Ccr5 and Calcrl,which are involved in thermoregulation.Together,our results demonstrated a potent effect of TRF on body temperature homeostasis and the role of SCN function in this process.Our results further suggested that circadian arrhythmicity can have potential beneficial effects under certain stress conditions.

OVERVIEW OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS IN SPORT

The complex systems approach offers an opportunity to replace the extant pre-dominant mechanistic view on sport-related phenomena.The emphasis on the environment-system relationship,the applications of complexity principles,and the use of nonlinear dynamics mathematical tools propose a deep change in sport science.Coordination dynamics,ecological dynamics,and network approaches have been successfully applied to the study of different sport-related behaviors,from movement patterns that emerge at different scales constrained by specific sport contexts to game dynamics.Sport benefit from the use of such approaches in the understanding of technical,tactical,or physical conditioning aspects which change their meaning and dilute their frontiers.The creation of new learning and training strategies for teams and individual athletes is a main practical consequence.Some challenges for the future are investigating the influence of key control parameters in the nonlinear behavior of athlete-environment systems and the possible relatedness of the dynamics and constraints acting at different spatio-temporal scales in team sports.Modelling sport-related phenomena can make useful contributions to a better understanding of complex systems and vice-versa.

Hyperconcentration Based on Projection Measurements

We propose an efficient hyperconcentration protocol for distilling maximally hyperentangled state from partially entangled pure state, resorting to the projection measurement on an auxiliary photon. In our scheme, two photons simultaneously entangled in polarization states and spatial modes are considered. One party performs quantum nondemolition detections on his photon and an additional photon to produce three photon hyperentangled state, then he projects the assistant photon into an orthogonal basis composed of both the polarization and spatial degree of freedom.Then the state of the left two photons collapses into maximally hyperentangled state with a certain probability. In the rest cases, some less-entangled states are obtained, which can be used as resource for the next round concentration. By repeating the concentration process for several rounds, a higher success probability can be obtained, which makes our scheme useful in practical quantum information applications.

Weak-renormalized solutions for three species competition model in ecology

This paper investigate the existence of weak-renormalized solutions of the three species degenerate predator-prey model. The data belong to L1 and we assume no growth condition on the nonlinearities.

STATE FEEDBACK STABILIZATION FOR A CLASS OF NONLINEAR TIME-DELAY SYSTEMS VIA DYNAMIC LINEAR CONTROLLERS

The dynamic linear state feedback control problem is addressed for a class of nonlinear systems subject to time-delay.First,using the dynamic change of coordinates,the problem of global state feedback stabilization is solved for a class of time-delay systems under a type of nonhomogeneous growth conditions.With the aid of an appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and the adaptive strategy used in coordinates,the closed-loop system can be globally asymptotically stabilized by the dynamic linear state feedback controller.The growth condition in perturbations are more general than that in the existing results.The correctness of the theoretical results are illustrated with an academic simulation example.

A study of parameter uncertainties causing uncertainties in modeling a grassland ecosystem using the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation method

In this paper, we apply the approach of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation related to the parameter(CNOP-P)to study parameter uncertainties that lead to the stability(maintenance or degradation) of a grassland ecosystem. The maintenance of the grassland ecosystem refers to the unchanged or increased quantity of living biomass and wilted biomass in the ecosystem,and the degradation of the grassland ecosystem refers to the reduction in the quantity of living biomass and wilted biomass or its transformation into a desert ecosystem. Based on a theoretical five-variable grassland ecosystem model, 32 physical model parameters are selected for numerical experiments. Two types of parameter uncertainties could be obtained. The first type of parameter uncertainty is the linear combination of each parameter uncertainty that is computed using the CNOP-P method. The second type is the parameter uncertainty from multi-parameter optimization using the CNOP-P method. The results show that for the 32 model parameters, at a given optimization time and with greater parameter uncertainty, the patterns of the two types of parameter uncertainties are different. The different patterns represent physical processes of soil wetness. This implies that the variations in soil wetness(surface layer and root zone) are the primary reasons for uncertainty in the maintenance or degradation of grassland ecosystems, especially for the soil moisture of the surface layer. The above results show that the CNOP-P method is a useful tool for discussing the abovementioned problems.