中共历史研究中的多重范式共生趋向分析

20世纪90年代以来中共历史研究出现了一个新的趋向,即多重范式共生趋向。多重范式共生主要指"革命史"范式、"双重变奏"范式、"现代化"范式、后现代范式等共同存在于中共历史研究领域。这一现象和中共历史研究的特殊性、单一范式的解释力的局限有关。多重范式共生必须从中共历史实际出发,遵从马克思主义的指导。

陈独秀与中国近代史研究

陈独秀是中国早期的马克思主义者,他在五四时期对鸦片战争以来的中国近代史作了比较系统的研究,与同时期的李大钊一样是中国近代史研究的开创者。陈独秀以唯物史观为指导,从西方列强入侵中国和中国社会自身的变化来分析近代中国的社会性质,认为近代中国的生产方式发生变动,政治上成为“半殖民地”,进而提出民主革命是近代中国社会的历史主题,反帝反封建是民主革命的基本任务。陈独秀还以“革命史”观看待近代中国的重大历史事件,对义和团运动、戊戌维新、辛亥革命、五四运动等历史事件在中国民主革命的历史地位进行了比较细致的研究,深化了对近代中国历史的认识。从中国近代史研究的近百年历程看,陈独秀对中国近代史的研究为近代史研究“革命史范式”的建立做了基础性的工作,是近代史研究“革命史范式”的重要开创者。

Paradigm Shifts in Translation Studies： Focus on Linguistic, Cultural, Social and Psychological Turns

Translation has been the subject of a variety of research and conflicts among theorists. This fact that gives Thomas Samuel Kuhn＇s paradigm theory is pertinent to the present study. Kuhn is an American philosopher of Science. In his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, he proposes his paradigm theory which plays a great role in the development of sociology and philosophy of Science. According to Kuhn （1970）, paradigm originates from one or some famous people＇s achievements, and for these achievements to be considered as paradigms, two major characteristics must be met as will be clarified in this paper. This study is an attempt to outline the scope of the disciplines of Translation Studies （TS）, to give some indication of the kind of work that has been done so far. It is an attempt to demonstrate that TS is a discipline in its own right. It is a vastly complex field with many far-reaching ramifications. This study discusses the relationships between the changing definitions of translation and the turns of translation studies.