“韩学”及文学研究的留遗空间——俗文学中韩愈故事与韩愈形象研究的价值

有关韩愈的研究在近30年来是学界的一个热点,在韩集版本、韩愈家世生平、韩愈诗歌散文及文学理论等方面的研究都取得了令人瞩目的实绩;而小说、戏曲、宝卷、道情以及民间故事等俗文学中的韩愈形象却是韩愈研究中被忽略了的重要对象。俗文学中的韩愈形象承载着历史文化名人韩愈对后世产生影响的重要信息,同时也是一个复杂的、完整的、独立的文学形象,值得"韩学"及文学研究者深入挖掘和认真研讨。

A Study on the Cross-Cultural Adaptation of International Chinese Teachers at Confucius Institutes in South Korea

International Chinese teachers are one of the determinants of the quality development of Confucius Institutes,and their cross-cultural sociocultural adaption,psychological adaption,and job adaption are in need of in-depth investigation and research.Based on previous research,this paper analyzed the cross-cultural adaptation of international Chinese teachers at Confucius Institutes in South Korea during 2022-2023 through surveys and personal interviews.The study found that the teachers’adaptation was best in terms of work,followed by sociocultural adaptation,and weakest in terms of psychological adaptation.In terms of work adaptation,attention should be focused on adapting to teaching language and teaching methods.In terms of sociocultural adaptation,the focus should be on adapting to personal communication.In terms of psychological adaptation,attention should be paid to feelings of loneliness and anxiety.The study also focused on the internal and external factors influencing their cross-cultural adaptation,as well as the true inner feelings of international Chinese teachers.The study found that factors such as English proficiency,gender,education,professional background,and overseas experience had little impact on teachers’cross-cultural adaptation,while factors such as Korean proficiency,participation in cross-cultural training before going to South Korea,understanding of Korean culture before going to South Korea,and length of time spent in working in South Korea had a greater impact on the cross-cultural adaptation of the research subjects.This study provides reliable reference materials for international Chinese teachers going to South Korea to improve their cross-cultural adaptation abilities and promote the reform and innovation of international Chinese education.

历史影像与艺术真实的高度融合——古代小说中韩愈的流贬心态论析

古代小说中的韩愈是一个以历史真实为基础,同时又经过小说家发挥艺术想象力加以再创造的文学人物。伴随着两次被贬岭南的苦难经历,古代小说中韩愈的流贬心态复杂多样:有忠而见黜的委屈与命途多舛的怨嗟、士大夫失位的沮丧与英雄末路的惶悚,也有临危处穷的绝望与性命不保的忧惧、牵念家人的痛苦与心存魏阙的煎熬、渴求慰愍的凄恻与颠连无告的哀怆等等;其演进的过程也有一定的线索和脉络。至于韩愈在小说中变成一个最终在宗教信仰和人生观念上发生重大转变的人物,我们也可以从主观与客观两方面做出相应的文化解读。研讨古代小说中的韩愈形象与韩愈心态,对于开拓古代小说研究的领域,探索历史人物转化为文学人物的机制和规律,特别是对于历史文化名人韩愈的影响的研究,都具有重要的意义和价值。

张廷玉《明史》重要拟稿徐氏《明史》试探之一——序言作者韩方卓乃沈朝初之号说

"二十四史"之一的张廷玉等撰《明史》,在长达数十年的修撰过程中,形成了多部拟稿。这些拟稿的前后形成关系情况复杂,至今仍是史学史上有待彻底解决的重要学术课题。徐乾学作为总裁而编成了很有价值的一部《明史》拟稿,但由于学术界得知此拟稿存世为近年之事,特别是其序言作者署名"韩方卓",其身世难于查出,从而导致学术界至今对这部拟稿了解甚少,甚至出现重大误解。本文利用大量资料进行考证,提出韩方卓实乃清初苏州人沈朝初之号,目的在于揭开徐乾学《明史》拟稿神秘面纱之一角。

Diagnosis of gastric epithelial neoplasia:Dilemma for Korean pathologists

The histopathological diagnosis of gastric mucosal biopsy and endoscopic mucosal resection/endoscopic submucosal dissection specimens is important,but the diagnostic criteria,terminology,and grading system are not the same in the East and West.A structurally invasive focus is necessary to diagnose carcinoma for most Western pathologists,but Japanese pathologists make a diagnosis of cancer based on severe dysplastic cytologic atypia irrespective of the presence of invasion.Although the Vienna classification was introduced to reduce diagnostic discrepancies,it has been difficult to adopt due to different concepts for gastric epithelial neoplastic lesions.Korean pathologists experience much difficulty making a diagnosis because we are influenced by Japanese pathologists as well as Western medicine.Japan is geographically close to Korea,and academic exchanges are active.Additionally,Korean doctors are familiar with Western style medical terminology.As a result,the terminology,definitions,and diagnostic criteria for gastric intraepithelial neoplasia are very heterogeneous in Korea.To solve this problem,the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists has made an effort and has suggested guidelines for differential diagnosis:(1) a diagnosis of carcinoma is based on invasion;(2) the most important characteristic of low grade dysplasia is the architectural pattern such as regular distribution of crypts without severe branching,budding,or marked glandular crowding;(3) if nuclear pseudostratification occupies more than the basal half of the cryptal cells in three or more adjacent crypts,the lesion is considered high grade dysplasia;(4) if severe cytologic atypia is present,careful inspection for invasive foci is necessary,because the risk for invasion is very high;and(5) other structural or nuclear atypia should be evaluated to make a final decision such as cribriform pattern,papillae,ridges,vesicular nuclei,high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio,loss of nuclear polarity,thick and irregular nuclear membrane,and nucleoli.

What is the most cost-effective strategy to screen for second primary colorectal cancers in male cancer survivors in Korea?

AIM： To identify a cost-effective strategy of second primary colorectal cancer （CRC） screening for cancer survivors in Korea using a decision-analytic model. METHODS： A Markov model estimated the clinical and economic consequences of a simulated 50-year- old male cancer survivors＇ cohort, and we compared the results of eight screening strategies： no screening, fecal occult blood test （FOBT） annually, FOBT every 2 years, sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, double contrast barium enema every 5 years, and colonoscopy every 10 years （COL10）, every 5 years （COL5）, and every 3 years （COL3）. We included only direct medical costs, and our main outcome measures were discounted lifetime costs, life expectancy, and incremental cost- effectiveness ratio （ICER）. RESULTS： In the base-case analysis, the non-dominat- ed strategies in cancer survivors were COL5, and COL3. The ICER for COL3 in cancer survivors was $5593/life- year saved （LYS）, and did not exceed $10000/LYS in one-way sensitivity analyses. If the risk of CRC in can- cer survivors is at least two times higher than that in the general population, COL5 had an ICER of less than $10500/LYS among both good and poor prognosis of index cancer. If the age of cancer survivors starting CRC screening was decreased to 40 years, the ICER of COL5 was tess than $7400/LYS regardless of screening compliance. CONCLUSION： Our study suggests that more strict and frequent recommendations for colonoscopy such as COL5 and COL3 could be considered as economically reasonable second primary CRC screening strategies for Korean male cancer survivors.

Morphological and genetic comparison of two strains of a Prorocentrum species isolated from Zhejiang coastal water of China and Masan Bay of Korea

In this paper, we examined the detailed morphology of two strains of Prorocentrum isolated from the coastal waters of Zhejiang (Wenling area), China, and Masan Bay of Korea. A taxonomic comparison was made among strains on the basis of morphological and molecular data. The cellular dimensions of the Chinese Wenling strain (LAMB090508) and Korean strain (PDKS0206) were similar and the cells of both strains were of asymmetric and elongated shape. The posterior end of most cells was rounded. Megacytic zones of aged cells were broader with dense tiny knobs. The roundish nucleus was located in the posterior part of the cell. A few irregular shaped chloroplasts were distributed within the cell. The nucleotide similarity of the two strains, determined from the 5.8S rDNA-ITS sequences, was 99.83%. The comparative results of morphology and molecular analysis suggest that both strains isolated from China and Korea were the identical species, Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu.

The intercultural awareness in Korean Teaching

Language is the carrier of culture. We should not only focus on skills in teaching Korean culture, but also conduct a comprehensive analysis and guidance to penetrate culture and education of Korea in the teaching process. Which enhance the overall level. This thesis analyze and elaborate the characteristics of Korean teaching intercultural education. What＇ s more, it will propose corresponding solutions in penetration problems of culture and education for the Korean teaching.

Feasible economic strategies to improve screening compliance for colorectal cancer in Korea

ABM: While colorectal cancer (CRC) is an ideal target for population screening, physician and patient attitudes contribute to low levels of screening uptake. This study was carried out to find feasible economic strategies to improve the CRC screening compliance in Korea. METHODS: The natural history of a simulated cohort of 50-year-old Korean in the general population was modeled with CRC screening until the age of 80 years. Cases of positive results were worked up with colonoscopy. After polypectomy, colonoscopy was repeated every 3 years. Baseline screening compliance without insurance coverage by the national health insurance (NHI) was assumed to be 30%. If NHI covered the CRC screening or the reimbursement of screening to physicians increased, the compliance was assumed to increase. We evaluated 16 different CRC screening strategies based on Markov model. RESULTS: When the NHI did not cover the screening and compliance was 30%, non-dominated strategies were colonoscopy every 5 years (COL5) and colonoscopy every 3 years (COL3). In all scenarios of various compliance rates with raised coverage of the NHI and increased reimbursement of colonoscopy, COL10, COL5 and COL3 were non-dominated strategies, and COL10 had lower or minimal incremental medical cost and financial burden on the NHI than the strategy of no screening. These results were stable with sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION: Economic strategies for promoting screening compliance can be accompanied by expanding insurance coverage by the NHI and by increasing reimbursement for CRC screening to providers. COL10 was a cost-effective and cost saving screening strategy for CRC in Korea.

A Scientific Study on the Holy Spiritual Descending in NRMs of Korea： Focus upon the Paranormal Phenomena of the Holy Spirit by the Victor

The limit and the problem of modern religion and science are due to the materialistic, mechanistic, and dichotomous thought that separates humanity from God, spirit from body and I from you. Indicating that the methodology is wrong, the author will suggest an alternative to solve its problem. In the body, the author will introduce the paranormal phenomena focusing on the descending of the Holy Spirit by the Victor on NRMs in Korea. The author will speak of the differences between Aura and the light of the Holy Spirit using some new methodologies of participant observation by film photo-graphing and interviewing testimonies from fieldwork. Furthermore the author attempted to research scientifically how the light of life emitted from the Victor influences humanity and all things. The author will tell the theory of bio scientific and biblical salvation and immortality based on somatic. This paper will contribute in revealing the invisible God and the Holy Spirit to be physically seen.

Comparative Study on the Recognition of English-Only Classes by Native English Speakers in Korean and Taiwan Residents Elementary Schools

This study is a comparative research regarding English-only classes by native English speakers at the elementary schools in two countries, Korea and Taiwan. These two countries tried to introduce as well as adapt English education and policy toward globalization. First of all, the two initiated mandatory elementary English education and then acknowledged the significance of English CLT （Communication Language Teaching）. Thus, curriculum and policy for English education based on globalization oriented to the introduction of English native speakers and English-only classes. Based on these situations, Korea created EPIK （English Program in Korea） and NEST （Native English Speaking Teacher） respectively for inviting English native teachers. In the similar educational conditions, the recognitions of elementary school students of Korea and Taiwan regarding on English-only classes by native English speakers showed the relatively meaningful results. Compared with Taiwan Residents students, first, Korean students have greater ability in understanding of English-only class. Second, Korean students respond that native English speaking teachers＇ class helps them improve English better. Third, Korean students tend to use Korean and English together to improve their understanding. Fourth, Korean students respond English-only class reduces fear about English. Fifth, Korean students experience less difficulties in communicating with native English speaking teachers due to culture differences. Korean elementary students relatively have a higher understanding rate about native English speaking teacher＇s class.

Coh-Metrix 3.0 English Text Comparison between South Korea and China

Sharing the environment of English as a foreign language （EFL） in South Korea and China, English text in the authorized English textbooks deserves a cross-country comparison in the same grade level. This research explored the English texts linguistic characteristics in the authorized English textbooks through Coh-Melrix 3.0 and intended to provide implications to EFL English textbook design in the future. The results suggest that there is a need to be aware of the weaknesses and strengths from each other： the South Korean English texts display a diversity in noun, verbs, adjectives, the mean number of words before the main verb of the main clause in sentence, TTR and lexical diversity; the Chinese English texts reveal an overlap in lexical level （content words, noun, and sentences） and semantic level （syntactic patterns）.

论宋代理学家的“新文统”

宋代理学家否定韩愈的“文统论”,而朱熹提出“文”、“道”一元的诗文统绪, 明代学者也称为“文统”,本文则称之为“新文统”。晚宋至元代,“新文统”论孕育出《文章正宗》等四个诗文总集,成为该理论的范本。在“新文统”引领下,晚宋诗文在相当大的幅度上成了理学家们说“理”的工具,其影响直至明末。但“新文统”的历史命运并不美妙,正如清人所说:不近人情之事,终不能强行于天下。

Anti-angiogenic effects of the water extract of HangAmDan(WEHAD),a Korean traditional medicine

We investigated the anti-angiogenic effects of the water extract of HangAmDan (WEHAD),which is a crude extract of nine Korean medicinal substances of animal and plant origin.In human umbilical vein endothelial cells,WEHAD significantly inhibited bFGF-induced proliferation,adhesion,migration,and capillary tube formation.We used an antibody array to perform an analysis of signaling proteins,which showed up-regulated expression of various proteins including RAD51,RAD52,and p73,and down-regulated expression of pFAK.Blood vessel formation in a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) treated with WEHAD was markedly reduced in length compared with a PBS-treated control group.These results suggest that inhibition of angiogenesis by WEHAD may be the mechanism of action for the anti-cancer effects of HAD.

Origin and evolution of waters in the Hancheng coal seams,the Ordos Basin,as revealed from water chemistry and isotope(H,O,^(129)I) analyses

The coal seams in the Permian Taiyuan Formation and the Carboniferous Shanxi Formation are the primary reservoirs for the coalbed methane （CBM） in the Hancheng region in the Ordos Basin. In this paper, the origin and evolution of waters associated with CBM production were studied on the basis of water chemistry and isotopes including the chloride and iodine compositions, oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes, and radioactive isotope ratio of ^129I/^127I. The ratio of ^129I/^127I of water was determined by accelerator mass spectrometry （AMS）. The result shows that the formation water is of NaHCO3 and NaCl types with the total dissolved solids （TDS） varying from 1532.29 mg/L to 7061.12 mg/L. The values of ^129I and I/CI ratio indicate that the formation waters were diluted by meteoric water. The ^129I/^127I ratios range from 6.6×10^-13 to 1459.5~10-13. The ^129I/^127I ratios for most of the samples are between the ^129I/^127I initial value and that of recent anthropogenic water. This age of the formation water samples, obtained through the ^129I decay curve method, ranges from 0 Ma to 18.5 Ma, suggesting that the waters from the Taiyuan Formation and the Shanxi Formation are very young. Two different origins of water are identified in the Hancheng region. One group is dominated by pre-anthropogenic meteoric water, and is characterized by ^129I/^127I ratios lower than the initial value of 15×10^-13 and δD, δ^18O values of waters below the Global Meteoric Water Line. The other group is characterized by ^129I/^127I ratios in excess of 15×10^-13, which has undergone variable degrees of dilution by recent anthropogenic water.

The Effects of Recasts and Working Memory on the Development of Implicit and Explicit Knowledge

This paper aims to investigate the effects of recasts and working memory on the acquisition of Korean morphological causatives by advanced Chinese learners of Korean. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups： A experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received intensive recasts during task-based interaction, whereas the control group did not. The effects of recasts were measured by two types of tests： An elicited imitation test, as a measure of implicit knowledge, and an untimed grammaticality judgment test, as a measure of explicit knowledge. The findings are as follows. First, from the pretest to the delayed posttest, recasts facilitated the learners＇ acquisition of causative construction by developing both their implicit and explicit knowledge. Second, the results of delayed posttests showed that recasts were more effective in aiding the development of implicit knowledge than explicit knowledge. Third, working memory was found to be a significant covariate in the facilitative effects of recasts on explicit knowledge; that is, it mediated the development of explicit knowledge via recasts as a significant individual difference factor. The effects of recasts were maintained even when the impact of working memory was controlled. （189 words）

Perception of pattern identification in traditional medicine:a survey of Korean medical practitioners

OBJECTIVE: To survey assesses the perception of pattern identification(PI) diagnosis of Traditional Medicine(TM)by Korean medical doctors(KMDs).METHODS: A total of 14 485 KMDs affiliated with the Association of Korean Medicine were sent surveys via email, and 1646(11.1%) responded to the questionnaire on their perception of PI diagnosis.RESULTS: Of the 1646 respondents, more than ninety percent(1562, 94.9%) reported that they treated patients using PI.The most critical problem with PI diagnosis was the lack of objective diagnostic indicators(561, 34.1%). Ninety percent had issues diagnosing patients because of different diagnoses between KMDs(1491, 90.5%). The majority of respondents thought herbal medicine was most related to PI(1528, 92.8%). Half of the respondents answered that PI of Ba Gang was the most commonly used PI system. Participants reported that it was most important to study standardisation of PI diagnosis and to develop standardised PI diagnoses using the classification system of the Korean Standard Classification of Diseases. The foremost PI type that physicians thought should be included in standardisation and objectification of PI of TKM was the PIof Ba Gang.CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that we should focus on the standardisation of PI diagnosis and PI of Ba Gang in future research on PI diagnosis inTM.However, we cannot completely discount the possibility that a biased selection of subjects and a low response rate limit the generalisability of the findings.

Cancer incidence varies significantly depending on Sasang constitution of Traditional Korean Medicine

OBJECTIVE: Sasang constitutional medicine is a component of Traditional Korean Medicine that stresses the hereditary makeup of disease incidences or therapeutic responses. This study investigated the relationship between the incidence of cancer and Sasang constitution classification. METHODS: Five hundred and one cancer patients were classified as having one of the four types of Sasang constitutions (Taeumin, Soumin, Soyangin, Taeyangin) using Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Classification II, then compared with data from 1423 healthy subjects. RESULTS: The Sasang constitutional distribution for the cancer patients was significantly differentfrom that for healthy subjects: 22.8% vs 46.9% for Taeumin, 35.5% vs 24.0% for Soumin, and 41.7% vs 29.1% for Soyangin. Our results assumed that the lowest cancer incidence would be in Taeumin (around 2-fold in both sex) while the highest cancer incidence in Soumin males (2.8-fold) and Soyangin females (2.1-fold). CONCLUSION: This study identified a trend involving the frequency of cancer and the Sasang constitutional classification. We hope that this finding will provide new ideas for the study of cancer incidence and its preventive management.