The study was designed to investigate into the level of cassava commercialization, extent of gender effects and other factors on household commercialization index （HCI） of cassava in both rural and peri-urban areas ...The study was designed to investigate into the level of cassava commercialization, extent of gender effects and other factors on household commercialization index （HCI） of cassava in both rural and peri-urban areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. The study used a stratified random sampling technique to select 50 cassava farmers each from Etche and Ekwerre LGAs of the state （i.e. 100 farmers in all）. A set of structured questionnaire and interview schedule was used to retrieve information from the farmers. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Chow test and truncated regression analysis model based on Maximum Likelihood derived from Censored Normal or TOBIT approach. It was found that significant difference exist in the HC1 of rural farmers （49%） and peri-urban （40%）. The drivers of HCI varied across the areas but on the whole it was noted that gender, farm size, distance to market, labour, farming experience, price of cassava and access to market information signiftcantly influenced the probability of expanding the scale of commercialization of cassava in the area. It was recommended that government and interested bodies should give priority to women in designing and implementing cassava commercialization programmes policies that will improve farmers access to land and also help build on capacities of the farmers to commercialize such as access to extension service, establishment of market information service （MIS）, development of market and transport infrastructure were recommended too.展开更多
On July 8th, 2005, China＇s largest integrated oil refining and chemical joint-venture project was officially launched in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, indicating that another petrochemical base is growing up following S...On July 8th, 2005, China＇s largest integrated oil refining and chemical joint-venture project was officially launched in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, indicating that another petrochemical base is growing up following Sinopec Qilu Petrochemical Company, Sinopec Beijing Yanhua Petrochemical Co. Ltd,展开更多
This study theoretically showed the importance of standards economic growth to apply creative projects to avoid loss cost and efforts. There is problem of complexity environment to understand real economic growth. Com...This study theoretically showed the importance of standards economic growth to apply creative projects to avoid loss cost and efforts. There is problem of complexity environment to understand real economic growth. Companies and government can affect economic. There is a need to make standards to control steps of economic growth as result to accounting gaps, economic gaps, and financial analysis gaps. Standards must face negative affection of speculation, government involving in economic, developing tool. Evaluating must be built up to real market price and also standards must build trust to support developing. Searcher recommended linking economic growth with real growth of producing and ways to get real market price to evaluate company assets, liabilities, and net profit after tax for all users as factors show growth in company to growth economic units which are successful by applying creative projects.展开更多
Alternative contracting techniques have been frequently used in highway construction in the United State and have played an important role in the effort to improve construction project performance. However, it is stil...Alternative contracting techniques have been frequently used in highway construction in the United State and have played an important role in the effort to improve construction project performance. However, it is still unknown whether which project factors have significant influence on project performance. It is essential to learn from the experiences and opinions of construction project managers who had executed innovative or alternative contracts in order to improve and refine the usage of alternative contracting methods. Innovative contracting methods have been used by state Departments of Transportation for many years, so there is now sufficient data to measure the effectiveness of these innovations. Working under a grant from the Florida Department of Transportation （FDOT）, the research team used the experiences and opinions of construction field engineers who had executed innovative contracts on FDOT projects to measure the effectiveness of these systems. To that end, interviews were conducted with FDOT and consultant personnel from across Florida. All interviewed were project managers who had overseen at least one project using an innovative contracting method. Discussions brought enthusiastic responses from those interviewed, both for and against certain innovations. This paper will focus on the experiences and opinions of those experienced construction field engineers dealing with well-known innovations, as well as newer innovations such as ＂Detour Rental＂ and ＂Damage Recovery＂.展开更多
Construction companies face threats from competition and must be able to adjust to modem technology and changes in customer expectations. These issues require efficient risk management techniques. The success of const...Construction companies face threats from competition and must be able to adjust to modem technology and changes in customer expectations. These issues require efficient risk management techniques. The success of construction companies running projects in international markets depends on how the risks arise from the host country conditions as well as the project specific risk factors. Successful management of risks requires identification of risks, construction of a risk model which can be used to assess the magnitude of risks, and implementation of response strategies so that an acceptable risk-return balance can be achieved. The project success usually depends on the combination of all risks, response strategies used to mitigate risks, and a company＇s ability to manage them. There exists a need to develop risk models containing the risks of doing business in international markets and factors that affect manageability of these risks. One of the market＇s critical challenges is scheduled management and the understanding and application of program management. This paper uses systematic risk identification, classification and analysis, and measurement and response methodologies to help international contractors quantify the risks of project development and accomplishment.展开更多
This paper expounds on the tendency of energy supervision reform with consideration to the general background of energy reform. It proposes the following aspects. First, the focus of energy supervision should shift to...This paper expounds on the tendency of energy supervision reform with consideration to the general background of energy reform. It proposes the following aspects. First, the focus of energy supervision should shift to in-process and post supervision after cancellation or decentralization of energy project approval, Hence, the supervision over construction and completion acceptance is reinforced. Second, with the progression of marketoriented reforms in tire electricity and petroleum sectors, relevant energy authorities should strengthen supervision on key aspects in the electricity and petroleum sectors, particularly by way of specific supervision and problem supervision, in order to keep tire market fair, open and transparent. Third, innovative supervision modes should be adopted to improve supervision performance, so as to realize effective supervision amt finally achieve standardized and normalized energy supervision. These proposals rtTresent both the challenges and tasks that the supervision authorities face but also highlight important chances to realize the energy supervision revolution. Energy enterprises should continuously update thenzselves on the reforms and actions of energy supervision in order to meet the compliance requirements of construction and operation.展开更多
Sinopec and Qingdao Port Group held a formal ceremony to sign the “joint venture contract and the issues of association for Qingdao Shihua Crude Oil Wharf Co. Ltd.”on June 21,2005. This is another association betwee...Sinopec and Qingdao Port Group held a formal ceremony to sign the “joint venture contract and the issues of association for Qingdao Shihua Crude Oil Wharf Co. Ltd.”on June 21,2005. This is another association between the both parties since they formed a strategic alliance on the successful transfer of the 1.80 million cubic meters of crude oil tanks in 2001.展开更多
A new in situ treatment technique was being utilized on a part of the Dorfweiher landfill in Konstanz, Germany to reduce the aftercare period. From 2010 to 2012, the landfill was aerated intermittently with low pressu...A new in situ treatment technique was being utilized on a part of the Dorfweiher landfill in Konstanz, Germany to reduce the aftercare period. From 2010 to 2012, the landfill was aerated intermittently with low pressure. Outgoing air was treated passively in an open biofilter which covers the landfill surface. The landfill was aerated by means of 80 air injection wells arranged area-wide in a 10 m grid. An elaborate measuring process and technological controls are being utilized in the pilot scheme. The data collected offer interesting insights about the processes during aeration, allowing optimization of the aeration strategy depending on changes of the conditions in the landfill. During the three-year aeration phase, conditions have changed inside the landfill section in various ways. In numerous zones of the landfill body, the aeration caused aerobic conditions with a decline of methane production. Accelerated settlings are measured up to 11%. The effects of the aerobic stabilization on the landfill are evaluated in a two-year monitoring phase started in 2013.展开更多
This article presents an analysis of the economic impact of non-dispatchable generation on the cost of the energy supply. It aims to analyze the economic impact of the renewable generation in Spanish production and th...This article presents an analysis of the economic impact of non-dispatchable generation on the cost of the energy supply. It aims to analyze the economic impact of the renewable generation in Spanish production and thus to help prospective investors in renewable generation projects to analyze the situation of the Spanish electricity market. With that target, the current situation in Spain is shown and then using a MATLAB program, the economic impact of the renewable generation on the Spanish daily is analyzed.展开更多
The challenges posed by fatigue propagation on engineering materials and infrastructural facilities have necessitate for proper appraisal. Fatigue involvements in engineering systems are complex requiring indepth anal...The challenges posed by fatigue propagation on engineering materials and infrastructural facilities have necessitate for proper appraisal. Fatigue involvements in engineering systems are complex requiring indepth analysis and optimization of the governing phenomena. The pervasive demand for suitable solutions to this circumstance has been the greatest problem faced by the systems engineers in the quest for delivering sustainable infrastructural development. Consequently, the removal of interdisciplinary boundaries and merge of design platforms pose a great challenge for an unprepared project engineering and technology community. It is imperative to understand the mechanisms promoting fatigue occurrences for a complete model conceptualisation and analysis improvement. In this paper, the duo evaluation--linear and effective crack length measurements are clearly shown to beacon the fatigue investigation for modem project engineering and technology. The paper has also examined the airfield pavement where this concept could be very useful. Such breakthrough would require accurate fatigue simulation and modelling platforms for inbuilt reliability and prudent resources management. Amongst the benefits of the fatigue analysis is the provision of an enabling environment for the sustainable management of engineering and technology projects.展开更多
The agricultural high-teeh investment project （AHIP） is eharaeterized by technology-intensive, high risk and great profit. This article analyzes essential factors of the risks of the agricultural high-tech investmen...The agricultural high-teeh investment project （AHIP） is eharaeterized by technology-intensive, high risk and great profit. This article analyzes essential factors of the risks of the agricultural high-tech investment projects and the traditional risk evaluation method of agrtcultral projects. We think that the applications of the sensitivity, analysis and probability ore defer. Therefore; this article introduces a structural model to evaluate the risks of the agricultural high-tech investment projects and the system of the concrete evaluation indexes.展开更多
Numerous airports have been constructed based on the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Civil Aviation Development of China. We collected relevant data on the number and distribution of civil airports, the construction of whi...Numerous airports have been constructed based on the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Civil Aviation Development of China. We collected relevant data on the number and distribution of civil airports, the construction of which had started or that had been assessed and approved. Based on a comparative analysis of the limits of ecological restoration in different ecologically vulnerable areas from the perspective of space, as well as an examination of ecological sensitivity factors in the ecosystems surrounding airport construction projects, suggestions concerning key ecological control techniques to be employed in airport construction projects in different ecologically vulnerable areas are put forward. The results showed that the airport construction projects recently approved by the Ministry of Water Resources and the Environmental Protection Agency are mainly distributed in the ecologically vulnerable areas of the Red Soil Hilly Area in southern China, the Karst Rocky Desertification Area in southwest China, the Agro-pastoral Ecotone in the southwestern mountain region, and the Desert-Oasis Connecting Belt in northwest China. The airport construction projects in the southwest mountain area, the hilly areas of southern China, and in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are mainly based on the ecological technologies of slope protection, interception and drainage management, and vegetation restoration, respectively. In the arid and semi-arid areas, the ecological control technology employed in airport construction is mainly the rational utilization of water resources and reduction or mitigation of the effects of sandstorms. This study aims to serve as basis for soil and water conservation plans in airport construction projects and accelerate ecosystem restoration within the vicinity of airport construction sites.展开更多
This study builds a simulation of Chinese carbon sequestration market(CSM) based on the Swarm platform and complex adaptive system(CAS) theory.The simulation results represent that the total assets and profits of the ...This study builds a simulation of Chinese carbon sequestration market(CSM) based on the Swarm platform and complex adaptive system(CAS) theory.The simulation results represent that the total assets and profits of the carbon sequestration project(CSP) buyer and seller are steadily on the increase in the carbon trading maxket.The market regulatory efficiency is determined by the market investment and the improvement of regulation policy.Furthermore,the real sample simulation of Sichuan Daduhe Forest CSP demonstrates that the profit of CSP traded in the CSM is higher than the profit from the transactions of outside exchange.It implies that establishing CSM is an effective way to improve the CSP business for investors and a positive action to response to global warming as well.Finally,this study applies an Analytic Hierarchy Process-Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation(AHPFCE) approach to evaluate the reliability of CSM simulation.It concludes that the CSM simulation is "more creditable",which indicates that the CSM simulation results can be used as a proxy to observe the market uncertainties.展开更多
Under the continuous time （d＋1） assets market model with finite time horizon T, and the condition that all coefficients in model are stochastic processes, the decision of investment portfolio selection had been stu...Under the continuous time （d＋1） assets market model with finite time horizon T, and the condition that all coefficients in model are stochastic processes, the decision of investment portfolio selection had been studied. By using K.Itǒ formuia and backward stochastic differential equation＇s theory, on the relation of investment portfolio processes, fortune processes, the backward stochastic differential equation model for stochastic control problem had been established, the relation between the prime fortune process and the end- all fortune process had been proposed, the existence and uniqueness of investment portfolio had been proved, and the formula for investment portfolio had been arrived. On the setting of mean-variance portfolio selection, we obtained the formula of optimal efficient investment portfolio. Furthermore, the mean-variance efficient frontier is too obtained explicitly in the form of parameter.展开更多
文摘The study was designed to investigate into the level of cassava commercialization, extent of gender effects and other factors on household commercialization index （HCI） of cassava in both rural and peri-urban areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. The study used a stratified random sampling technique to select 50 cassava farmers each from Etche and Ekwerre LGAs of the state （i.e. 100 farmers in all）. A set of structured questionnaire and interview schedule was used to retrieve information from the farmers. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Chow test and truncated regression analysis model based on Maximum Likelihood derived from Censored Normal or TOBIT approach. It was found that significant difference exist in the HC1 of rural farmers （49%） and peri-urban （40%）. The drivers of HCI varied across the areas but on the whole it was noted that gender, farm size, distance to market, labour, farming experience, price of cassava and access to market information signiftcantly influenced the probability of expanding the scale of commercialization of cassava in the area. It was recommended that government and interested bodies should give priority to women in designing and implementing cassava commercialization programmes policies that will improve farmers access to land and also help build on capacities of the farmers to commercialize such as access to extension service, establishment of market information service （MIS）, development of market and transport infrastructure were recommended too.
文摘On July 8th, 2005, China＇s largest integrated oil refining and chemical joint-venture project was officially launched in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, indicating that another petrochemical base is growing up following Sinopec Qilu Petrochemical Company, Sinopec Beijing Yanhua Petrochemical Co. Ltd,
文摘This study theoretically showed the importance of standards economic growth to apply creative projects to avoid loss cost and efforts. There is problem of complexity environment to understand real economic growth. Companies and government can affect economic. There is a need to make standards to control steps of economic growth as result to accounting gaps, economic gaps, and financial analysis gaps. Standards must face negative affection of speculation, government involving in economic, developing tool. Evaluating must be built up to real market price and also standards must build trust to support developing. Searcher recommended linking economic growth with real growth of producing and ways to get real market price to evaluate company assets, liabilities, and net profit after tax for all users as factors show growth in company to growth economic units which are successful by applying creative projects.
文摘Alternative contracting techniques have been frequently used in highway construction in the United State and have played an important role in the effort to improve construction project performance. However, it is still unknown whether which project factors have significant influence on project performance. It is essential to learn from the experiences and opinions of construction project managers who had executed innovative or alternative contracts in order to improve and refine the usage of alternative contracting methods. Innovative contracting methods have been used by state Departments of Transportation for many years, so there is now sufficient data to measure the effectiveness of these innovations. Working under a grant from the Florida Department of Transportation （FDOT）, the research team used the experiences and opinions of construction field engineers who had executed innovative contracts on FDOT projects to measure the effectiveness of these systems. To that end, interviews were conducted with FDOT and consultant personnel from across Florida. All interviewed were project managers who had overseen at least one project using an innovative contracting method. Discussions brought enthusiastic responses from those interviewed, both for and against certain innovations. This paper will focus on the experiences and opinions of those experienced construction field engineers dealing with well-known innovations, as well as newer innovations such as ＂Detour Rental＂ and ＂Damage Recovery＂.
文摘Construction companies face threats from competition and must be able to adjust to modem technology and changes in customer expectations. These issues require efficient risk management techniques. The success of construction companies running projects in international markets depends on how the risks arise from the host country conditions as well as the project specific risk factors. Successful management of risks requires identification of risks, construction of a risk model which can be used to assess the magnitude of risks, and implementation of response strategies so that an acceptable risk-return balance can be achieved. The project success usually depends on the combination of all risks, response strategies used to mitigate risks, and a company＇s ability to manage them. There exists a need to develop risk models containing the risks of doing business in international markets and factors that affect manageability of these risks. One of the market＇s critical challenges is scheduled management and the understanding and application of program management. This paper uses systematic risk identification, classification and analysis, and measurement and response methodologies to help international contractors quantify the risks of project development and accomplishment.
文摘This paper expounds on the tendency of energy supervision reform with consideration to the general background of energy reform. It proposes the following aspects. First, the focus of energy supervision should shift to in-process and post supervision after cancellation or decentralization of energy project approval, Hence, the supervision over construction and completion acceptance is reinforced. Second, with the progression of marketoriented reforms in tire electricity and petroleum sectors, relevant energy authorities should strengthen supervision on key aspects in the electricity and petroleum sectors, particularly by way of specific supervision and problem supervision, in order to keep tire market fair, open and transparent. Third, innovative supervision modes should be adopted to improve supervision performance, so as to realize effective supervision amt finally achieve standardized and normalized energy supervision. These proposals rtTresent both the challenges and tasks that the supervision authorities face but also highlight important chances to realize the energy supervision revolution. Energy enterprises should continuously update thenzselves on the reforms and actions of energy supervision in order to meet the compliance requirements of construction and operation.
文摘Sinopec and Qingdao Port Group held a formal ceremony to sign the “joint venture contract and the issues of association for Qingdao Shihua Crude Oil Wharf Co. Ltd.”on June 21,2005. This is another association between the both parties since they formed a strategic alliance on the successful transfer of the 1.80 million cubic meters of crude oil tanks in 2001.
文摘A new in situ treatment technique was being utilized on a part of the Dorfweiher landfill in Konstanz, Germany to reduce the aftercare period. From 2010 to 2012, the landfill was aerated intermittently with low pressure. Outgoing air was treated passively in an open biofilter which covers the landfill surface. The landfill was aerated by means of 80 air injection wells arranged area-wide in a 10 m grid. An elaborate measuring process and technological controls are being utilized in the pilot scheme. The data collected offer interesting insights about the processes during aeration, allowing optimization of the aeration strategy depending on changes of the conditions in the landfill. During the three-year aeration phase, conditions have changed inside the landfill section in various ways. In numerous zones of the landfill body, the aeration caused aerobic conditions with a decline of methane production. Accelerated settlings are measured up to 11%. The effects of the aerobic stabilization on the landfill are evaluated in a two-year monitoring phase started in 2013.
文摘This article presents an analysis of the economic impact of non-dispatchable generation on the cost of the energy supply. It aims to analyze the economic impact of the renewable generation in Spanish production and thus to help prospective investors in renewable generation projects to analyze the situation of the Spanish electricity market. With that target, the current situation in Spain is shown and then using a MATLAB program, the economic impact of the renewable generation on the Spanish daily is analyzed.
文摘The challenges posed by fatigue propagation on engineering materials and infrastructural facilities have necessitate for proper appraisal. Fatigue involvements in engineering systems are complex requiring indepth analysis and optimization of the governing phenomena. The pervasive demand for suitable solutions to this circumstance has been the greatest problem faced by the systems engineers in the quest for delivering sustainable infrastructural development. Consequently, the removal of interdisciplinary boundaries and merge of design platforms pose a great challenge for an unprepared project engineering and technology community. It is imperative to understand the mechanisms promoting fatigue occurrences for a complete model conceptualisation and analysis improvement. In this paper, the duo evaluation--linear and effective crack length measurements are clearly shown to beacon the fatigue investigation for modem project engineering and technology. The paper has also examined the airfield pavement where this concept could be very useful. Such breakthrough would require accurate fatigue simulation and modelling platforms for inbuilt reliability and prudent resources management. Amongst the benefits of the fatigue analysis is the provision of an enabling environment for the sustainable management of engineering and technology projects.
文摘The agricultural high-teeh investment project （AHIP） is eharaeterized by technology-intensive, high risk and great profit. This article analyzes essential factors of the risks of the agricultural high-tech investment projects and the traditional risk evaluation method of agrtcultral projects. We think that the applications of the sensitivity, analysis and probability ore defer. Therefore; this article introduces a structural model to evaluate the risks of the agricultural high-tech investment projects and the system of the concrete evaluation indexes.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0503704)
文摘Numerous airports have been constructed based on the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Civil Aviation Development of China. We collected relevant data on the number and distribution of civil airports, the construction of which had started or that had been assessed and approved. Based on a comparative analysis of the limits of ecological restoration in different ecologically vulnerable areas from the perspective of space, as well as an examination of ecological sensitivity factors in the ecosystems surrounding airport construction projects, suggestions concerning key ecological control techniques to be employed in airport construction projects in different ecologically vulnerable areas are put forward. The results showed that the airport construction projects recently approved by the Ministry of Water Resources and the Environmental Protection Agency are mainly distributed in the ecologically vulnerable areas of the Red Soil Hilly Area in southern China, the Karst Rocky Desertification Area in southwest China, the Agro-pastoral Ecotone in the southwestern mountain region, and the Desert-Oasis Connecting Belt in northwest China. The airport construction projects in the southwest mountain area, the hilly areas of southern China, and in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are mainly based on the ecological technologies of slope protection, interception and drainage management, and vegetation restoration, respectively. In the arid and semi-arid areas, the ecological control technology employed in airport construction is mainly the rational utilization of water resources and reduction or mitigation of the effects of sandstorms. This study aims to serve as basis for soil and water conservation plans in airport construction projects and accelerate ecosystem restoration within the vicinity of airport construction sites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71173175
文摘This study builds a simulation of Chinese carbon sequestration market(CSM) based on the Swarm platform and complex adaptive system(CAS) theory.The simulation results represent that the total assets and profits of the carbon sequestration project(CSP) buyer and seller are steadily on the increase in the carbon trading maxket.The market regulatory efficiency is determined by the market investment and the improvement of regulation policy.Furthermore,the real sample simulation of Sichuan Daduhe Forest CSP demonstrates that the profit of CSP traded in the CSM is higher than the profit from the transactions of outside exchange.It implies that establishing CSM is an effective way to improve the CSP business for investors and a positive action to response to global warming as well.Finally,this study applies an Analytic Hierarchy Process-Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation(AHPFCE) approach to evaluate the reliability of CSM simulation.It concludes that the CSM simulation is "more creditable",which indicates that the CSM simulation results can be used as a proxy to observe the market uncertainties.
文摘Under the continuous time （d＋1） assets market model with finite time horizon T, and the condition that all coefficients in model are stochastic processes, the decision of investment portfolio selection had been studied. By using K.Itǒ formuia and backward stochastic differential equation＇s theory, on the relation of investment portfolio processes, fortune processes, the backward stochastic differential equation model for stochastic control problem had been established, the relation between the prime fortune process and the end- all fortune process had been proposed, the existence and uniqueness of investment portfolio had been proved, and the formula for investment portfolio had been arrived. On the setting of mean-variance portfolio selection, we obtained the formula of optimal efficient investment portfolio. Furthermore, the mean-variance efficient frontier is too obtained explicitly in the form of parameter.
