“顾学”研究范畴

作为一代国学大家,顾随及其作品正为越来越多的读者所接受,并已引起学者的关注,成为一个新的研究对象。本文对当前顾随研究的成果进行了全面系统的梳理,并将"顾学"划分为遗作搜集整理和生平行迹研究、师友交游研究、思想理论研究、艺术成就研究等五个领域,指出各自的研究空间,以推动顾随研究不断走向深入和繁荣。

Association of obesity with Helicobacter pylori infection: A retrospective study

AIM To explore the association between Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection and obesity/weight gain in a Chinese population.METHODS Our primary outcome was the change in body mass index(BMI). The generalized linear models were used to explore the association between H. pylori infection and the change of BMI, and the logistic regression models were used to explore the association between H. pylori infection and obesity.RESULTS A total of 3039 subjects were recruited and analyzed, of which 12.8% were obese. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 53.9%(1639/3039) overall and 54.6%(212/388) in the obese subjects. The change of BMI in the H. pylori(+) group was not significantly higher than that in the H. pylori(-) group after adjustment for potential confounding factors [RR = 0.988, 95%CI:0.924-1.057, P = 0.729]. The prevalence of obesity decreased 1.1% in the H. pylori(+) group and 0.5% in the H. pylori(-) group. The RR of H. pylori infection for obesity was 0.831(95%CI: 0.577-1.197, P = 0.321) after the adjustment.CONCLUSION H. pylori infection was not associated with overweight/obesity observed from the retrospective study in this Chinese population.

Reliability and validation of the Positive Aspects of Caregiving scale among Japanese caregivers of people with dementia

Objectives:This study aimed to validate the Positive Aspects of Caregiving(PAC)scale's psychometric properties among Japanese informal caregivers of people with dementia.Methods:A cross-sectional research design was used.Data were collected from the Kinki region of Japan during January 2019 and July 2019.Translation and back-translation were performed to acquire the optimal translation of the PAC scale.In total,194 participants responded to questionnaires that included the Japanese version of the PAC scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS).Reliability was evaluated by examining the internal consistency and test-retest reliability.Exploratory factor analysis with maximum likelihood estimation and oblique rotation was performed to assess the PAC scale structure.Concurrent validity was determined using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Results:The final version of the Japanese version of the PAC scale contained nine items.Exploratory factor analysis revealed two factors(Living an enriched life and Self-usefulness).The Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.895,the subscales Cronbach's α coefficient were 0.896 and 0.823.The intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.721,indicating acceptable reliability.PAC was significantly correlated to GDS(r=—0.54&P<0.01).Conclusions:This study found that the Japanese version of the PAC scale was a suitable scale to measure PAC among Japanese caregivers of people with dementia.However,the construct differed from the original model.This scale could help health-care professionals understand the degree of caregivers'recognition about dementia care and support those with a low degree of positive aspects of caregiving.

Qualitative analysis of compassion fatigue and coping strategies among nurses

Objectives:Nurses are considered to be at risk of experiencing compassion fatigue,which can affect their personal and professional lives.The aim of this study was to investigate stressful factors contributing to the development of compassion fatigue in nurses,their experiences of compassion fatigue,and the coping strategies they used to cope with compassion fatigue.Methods:The convenience sample of 86 nurses fromCentral Europewas recruited via social networking sites during the pandemic of COVID-19.Data collection was conducted via an online battery of questionnaires which included open-ended questions on the stressful factors,experiences,and coping strategies for compassion fatigue.The data were analysed using a theoretical thematic analysis based on Figley’s descriptions of compassion fatigue.The initial datawas read several times to identify recurring statements.Each statement was then categorized into the emerging domains,subdomains,categories,and subcategories.Results:The results of our study show that stressful factors,experiences,and coping strategies for compassion fatigue in nurses in Central Europe could be related to cognitive,emotional,behavioural,somatic,personal relations,spiritual,and work-related symptoms of compassion fatigue as identified by Figley and that these may resemble experiences of nurses in North America,Japan,and Spain.Conclusion:This study provides a detailed overview of the stressful factors,experiences,and coping strategies for compassion fatigue,which could be used to develop an early screening tool and interventions for alleviating compassion fatigue and for preventive adaptation of the health care system.

周述学测望知识初探

《历宗算会》是明代著名学者周述学辑撰的一部传统数学著作。该书在对测望问题的理解和整理上显示出的特点值得关注,但前人极少涉及。文章对此进行了较为细致的分析,指出周述学将杨辉算书中有关证明和附图蕴含的基于出入相补原理的容横容直原理作为他理解一系列测望算法的依据,按照单表测望、重表再望、重矩测深、三望、四望等大的类别对算题进行重新分类,并统一以测量工具加上算法中用到的条件来命名,而每个大的类别下又按照当人目高为0时和当人目高不为0时、正测广和斜测广,以及测望一处和测望两处等更细类别对相关算题进行重新组织。相比于顾应祥,周述学的分类更加合理,类别名称也更加统一,显示了他对测望问题和算法有着更深刻的理解。

A systematic review of herbal medicines for the treatment of cancer cachexia in animal models

Objective: The aim of this study is to summarize preclinical studies on herbal medicines used to treat cancer cachexia and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: We searched four representing databases, including Pub Med, EMBASE, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and the Web of Science up to December 2016. Randomized animal studies were included if the effects of any herbal medicine were tested on cancer cachexia. The methodological quality was evaluated by the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies(CAMARADE) checklist. Results: A total of fourteen herbal medicines and their compounds were identified, including Coptidis Rhizoma, berberine, Bing De Ling, curcumin, Qing-Shu-Yi-Qi-Tang, Scutellaria baicalensis, Hochuekkito, Rikkunshito, hesperidin, atractylodin, Sipjeondaebo-tang, Sosiho-tang, Anemarrhena Rhizoma, and Phellodendri Cortex. All the herbal medicines, except curcumin, have been shown to ameliorate the symptoms of cancer cachexia through anti-inflammation, regulation of the neuroendocrine pathway, and modulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system or protein synthesis. Conclusions: This study showed that herbal medicines might be a useful approach for treating cancer cachexia. However, more detailed experimental studies on the molecular mechanisms and active compounds are needed.

Is adjuvant chemotherapy necessary for patients with ypT0–2N0 rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and curative surgery?

Background and objective:The benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy for patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(NCRT)and curative surgery remains controversial,particularly among those responding well to NCRT.This retrospective study aimed to clarify the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy in terms of the oncological outcomes of patients with ypT0–2N0 rectal cancer after NCRT and curative surgery.Methods:All patients with ypT0–2N0 rectal cancer after NCRT and curative resection between 2005 and 2014 were examined.The oncological outcomes between patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and those without any chemotherapy were compared.Results:The clinicopathological characteristics of 110 patients were reviewed in this study;one patient was excluded due to lack of follow-up.Of the 109 patients included,58(53.2%)underwent adjuvant chemotherapy(chemo group),whereas the remaining 51(46.8%)did not receive any chemotherapy(non-chemo group).After a median follow-up of 50 months,there were no significant differences in the 5-year overall survival(OS)or recurrence-free survival(RFS)rates between the groups(OS:92.1 vs 86.3%,P=0.375;RFS:80.9 vs 74.7%,P=0.534).Subgroup analysis also demonstrated no significant differences in 5-year OS and RFS rates between patients with ypT0N0 rectal cancer(P=0.712 and P=0.599,respectively)and those with ypT1–2N0 disease(P=0.255 and P=0.278,respectively).Conclusions:These results indicate that patients with ypT0–2N0 rectal cancer after NCRT followed by curative surgery may not derive significant benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.However,further prospective randomized trials,with larger sample sizes,are warranted to confirm this conclusion.