微细通道内过冷水温度对蒸汽直接接触间歇凝结界面波动的影响研究

为了探究过冷水温度对T型微细通道内蒸汽直接接触间歇凝结过程的影响,开展了可视化实验研究.采用高速摄像机(帧率为5000 fps)捕捉到了蒸汽温度100℃、蒸汽体积流量550μL/min及过冷水体积流量14758μL/min等参数恒定且过冷水温度分别为30℃、40℃和50℃工况下,1000 ms内汽液界面瞬时演变行为.研究发现,微细通道条件下蒸汽泡在间歇凝结过程中会相继发生多次“颈缩”和“内爆”现象,且随过冷水温度升高“内爆”后的汽液两相区面积逐渐增加;此外,随过冷水温度的升高凝结频率总体减低,而1000 ms内每个间歇凝结周期所需时间的变化趋势与该周期内的汽液两相区最大面积的变化趋势基本一致.

Shikani Optical Stylet–guided Intubation via the Intubating Laryngeal Airway in Patients With Scar Contracture of the Face and Neck

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of the Shikani Optical Stylet （SOS）-guided inmbation through a new Intubafing Laryngeal Airway （ILA） in anticipated difficult airways caused by scar contracture of the face and neck. Methods Thirty-three adult patients with anticipated difficult airways undergoing selective faciocervical scar plastic surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. After anesthesia induction, a size 2.5, 3.5 or 4.5 ILA was inserted. Following good lung ventilation being verified, the SOS preloaded with an endotracheal tube was inserted via the ILA. Once the clear vocal cords came into view under the SOS, the endotracheal tube was advanced through glottis into the trachea. Results The ILA provided an effective airway in all patients, lntubation was successful at the first attempt on 22/33 （66.7%） occasions and at the second attempt on 6/33 （18.2%）. Intubation failed in 5 （15.1%） patients who suffered from severe limitation of head extension due to scar contracture of the neck. These patients＇ tracheas were finally intubated using a fibreoptic bronchoscope via the ILA. Conclusions The SOS-guided intubating method via the ILA is a feasible technique in patients with scar contracture of the face and neck. However, in patients with severe limitation of head extension, the use of SOS cannot be recommended. The SOS can be used as an alternative apparatus when the fibreoptic bronchoscope is not available.

Mechanism of necking defect of 6082 aluminium alloy rolled by cross-wedge rolling method based on material thermal properties

Necking defects have long troubled the application of cross-wedge rolling technology in aluminium alloy shaft parts.To accurately predict necking defects,new judgement conditions are established based on the thermal performance of 6082 aluminium alloy.The limit-sectional shrinkage without necking defects is achieved by combining theoretical calculation and finite-element model analysis,which couples heat transfer and deformation.In this paper,a 6082 aluminium alloy extruded rod with a 40 mm diameter rolled at a preheated temperature of 500℃and a rolling angular velocity of 1 rad/s is taken as an example.The simulation and experimental results show that necking defects do not occur on the rolled pieces if the sectional shrinkage is below the limit-sectional shrinkage but will occur when the sectional shrinkage is above it.The results prove that the prediction model of necking defects in cross-wedge rolling of 6082 aluminum alloy is feasible,and this research provides a theoretical basis for the qualified aluminum alloy shafts produced by the cross-wedge rolling.

Clinical impact of surveillance for head and neck cancer in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

To evaluate the clinical impact of surveillance for head and neck (HN) region with narrow band imaging (NBI) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).METHODSSince 2006, we introduced the surveillance for HN region using NBI for all patients with ESCC before treatment, and each follow-up. The patients with newly diagnosed stage I to III ESCC were enrolled and classified into two groups as follows: Group A (no surveillance for HN region); between 1992 and 2000), and Group B (surveillance for HN region with NBI; between 2006 and 2008). We comparatively evaluated the detection rate of superficial head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and the serious events due to metachronous advanced HNSCC during the follow-up.RESULTSA total 561 patients (group A: 254, group B: 307) were enrolled. Synchronous superficial HNSCC was detected in 1 patient (0.3%) in group A, and in 12 (3.9%) in group B (P = 0.008). During the follow up period, metachronous HNSCC were detected in 10 patients (3.9%) in group A and in 30 patients (9.8%) in group B (P = 0.008). All metachronous lesions in group B were early stage, and 26 patients underwent local resection, however, 6 of 10 patients (60%) in group A lost their laryngeal function and died with metachronous HNSCC.CONCLUSIONSurveillance for the HN region by using NBI endoscopy increase the detection rate of early HNSCC in patients with ESCC, and led to decrease serious events related to advanced metachronous HNSCC.

A case of amyotrophic cervical spondylosis

A case of amyotrophic cervical spondylosis was healed by using acupuncture in combination with electroacupuncture, needling was carried out on fengchi（风池 GB 20）, Tianzhu （天柱 BE 10）, Dazhui （大椎 GV 14）, Jianjing （肩井GB 21）, Zhiyang （至阳 GV 9）, Jianzhen （肩贞SI 9）, Jianyu （肩髃 El 15）, Shousanli （手三里LI 10）, Houxi （后溪SI 3）, Kunlun （昆仑 BE 60） and Shugu （束骨 BL 65）. BL 10 on the left side and LI 10 on the right side, GB 20 on the right side and GV 9 were connected for electroacupuncture, once a day, 12 treatments as one treatment course, a interval of 5 days was set between two treatment courses, and totally 6 treatment courses were carried out. The patient was clinically healed after the treatment and the disease did not recur during the follow-up for six months.