“食神”对仔猪生长性能的影响

选35～45日龄仔猪90头,随机分成试验一组(每吨配合饲料添加“食神”1.6kg,含半胱胺80g/t)、试验二组(每吨配合饲料添加“食神”2kg,含半胱胺100g/t)和对照组(不添加任何添加剂),每组30头,做对比试验。其结果明显:试验组较对照组日增重提高7.5%～9.0%,料肉比下降3.6%～4.7%,发病淘汰率降低41.7%～43.6%,平均每头猪的毛利提高了13.3%～14.8%。可见日粮中添加食神,能有效的提高生产指标和抗病能力,且有明显的经济效益。

神曲消食口服液辅助治疗小儿功能性消化不良脾胃虚弱证的临床疗效及对胃泌素、胃动素的影响

目的观察神曲消食口服液辅助治疗小儿功能性消化不良(FD)脾胃虚弱证的临床疗效及对胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MOT)水平的影响。方法选取2020年1月至2021年10月在温岭市中医院儿科门诊就诊的FD脾胃虚弱证患儿80例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组,各40例。对照组给予枸橼酸莫沙必利治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗方法的基础上给予神曲消食口服液治疗,2组均连续治疗14 d后统计疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为97.50%(39/40),显著高于对照组的82.50%(33/40),2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组腹胀腹痛、恶心呕吐及食欲不振缓解时间显著短于对照组,2组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前2组的中医证候积分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性;治疗后2组的中医证候积分均较同组治疗前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且治疗组降低更显著(P<0.05)。治疗前2组血清GAS、MOT水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性;治疗后2组的血清GAS、MOT水平均较同组治疗前显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且治疗组升高更显著(P<0.05)。结论神曲消食口服液辅助治疗小儿FD脾胃虚弱证,疗效确切,可有效缓解临床症状及体征,改善胃肠激素水平,值得临床推广应用。

Increased prevalence of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux diseases in type 2 diabetics with neuropathy

AIM： To analyze the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD） related symptoms in patients with diabetes mellitus （DM） and to find out the relationship between diabetic neuropathy and the prevalence of GERD symptoms. METHODS： In this prospective questionnaire study, 150 consecutive type 2 diabetic patients attending the endocrine clinic were enrolled. A junior physician helped the patients to understand the questions. Patients were asked about the presence of five most frequent symptoms of GERD that included heartburn （at least 1/wk）, regurgitation, chest pain, hoarseness of voice and chronic cough. Patients with past medical history of angina, COPD, asthma, cough due to ACEI or preexisting GERD prior to onset of diabetes and apparent psychiatric disorders were excluded from the survey. We further divided the patients into two groups based on presence or absence of peripheral neuropathy. Out of 150 patients, 46 had neuropathy, whereas 104 patients did not have neuropathy. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, and number of patients in each category and percentage of total patients in that group. Normal distributions between groups were compared with Student t test and the prevalence rates between groups were compared with Chi-square tests for significance. RESULTS： The average duration of diabetes were 12 ± 9.2 years and the average HbAlc level of this group was 7.7% ± 2.0%. The mean weight and BMI were 198 ± 54 Ibs. and 32 ± 7.2 kg/m^2. Forty percent （61/150） patients reported having at least one of the symptoms of GERD and thirty percent （45/150） reported having heartburn at least once a week. The prevalence of GERD symptoms is higher in patients with neuropathy than patients without neuropathy （58.7% vs 32.7%, P 〈 0.01）. The prevalence of heartburn, chest pain and chronic cough are also higher in patients with neuropathy than in patients without neuropathy （43.5% vs 24%; 10.9% vs 4.8% and 17.8% vs 6.7% respectively, P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The prevalence of GERD symptoms in type 2 DM is higher than in the general population. Our data suggest that DM neuropathy may be an important associated factor for developing GERD symptoms.

Sporadic ganglioneuromatosis of esophagogastric junction in a patient with gastro-esophageal reflux disorder and intestinal metaplasia

A 58-year-old female with a recurrent history of upper abdominal pain and intermittent dysphagia underwent endoscopic evaluation that demonstrated an irregular and nodular esophago-gastric （EG） junction and grade I erosive esophagitis. Biopsies showed prominent intestinal metaplasia of Barrett＇s type without dysplasia, chronic inflammation and multiple aggregates of large cells within the mucosal lamina propria, some with spindle shaped nuclei. Immunohistochemistry stains for keratins AE-1/ AE-3 were negative, while S-100 and NSE were positive. This, together with routine stains, was diagnostic for mucosal ganglioneuromatosis. The background of chronic inflammation with intestinal type metaplasia was consistent with long-term reflux esophagitis. No evidence of achalasia was seen. Biopsies of gastric antrum and fundus were unremarkable, without ganglioneural proliferation. Colonoscopy was unremarkable. No genetic syndromes were identified in the patient including familial adenomatous polyposis and multiple endocrine neoplasia type Ⅱ b （MEN Ⅱ b）. Iansoprazole （Prevacid） was started by oral administration each day with partial relief of symptoms. Subsequent esophagogastroscopy repeated at 4 mo showed normal appearing EG junction. Esophageal manometry revealed a mild nonspecific lower esophageal motility disorder. Mild motor dysfunction is seen with gastro-esophageal reflux disease （GERD） and we feel that the demonstration of localized ganglioneuromatosis was not likely related etiologically. In the absence of findings that might suggest neural hypertrophy, such as achalasia, the nodular mucosal irregularity seen with this instance of ganglioneuromatosis may, however, have exacerbated the patient＇s reflux.

Systemic phosphatidylcholine pretreatment protects canine esophageal mucosa during acute experimental biliary reflux

AIM： To characterize the consequences of short-term exposure to luminal bile on mucosal mast cell reactions in a canine model, and to determine the effects of systemic phosphatidylcholine pretreatment in this condition. METHODS： Twenty mongrel dogs were used for experiments. Group 1 （n =5） served as a salinetreated control, while in group 2 （n = 5） the esophagus was exposed to bile for 3 h. In group 3 （n =5） the animals were pretreated with 7-nitroindazole to inhibit the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase. In group 4 （n = 5） phosphatidylcholine solution （50 rng/kg） was administered iv before the biliary challenge. Mucosal microcirculation was observed by intravital videomicroscopy. Myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide synthase activities, the degrees of mast cell degranulation and mucosal damage were evaluated via tissue biopsies. RESULTS： Exposure to bile evoked significant mast cell degranulation and leukocyte accumulation. The red blood cell velocity and the diameter of the postcapillary venules increased significantly. The tissue ATP content and constitutive nitric oxide synthase activity decreased, while the inducible nitric oxide synthase activity increased significantly as compared to the control values. 7-nitroindazole treatment significantly exacerbated the mucosal mast cell degranulation and tissue damage. Tn contrast, phosphatidylcholine pretreatment prevented the bile-induced ATP depletion, the inducible nitric oxide synthase and myeloperoxidase activity and the mast cell degranulation increased. CONCLUSION： The neuronal nitric oxide synthasemast cell axis plays an important role in the esophageal mucosal defense system. Systemic phosphatidylcholine pretreatment affords effective protection through ameliorating the bile-induced ATP depletion and secondary inflammatory reaction.

A comparison of the clinical, demographic and psychiatric profiles among patients with erosive and non-erosive reflux disease in a multi-ethnic Asian country

AIM:To examine the clinical spectrum of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and compare erosive (ERD) with non-erosive (NERD) in terms of clinical, demographic and psychiatric profiles. METHODS: Patients with reflux symptoms were enrolled and stratified to NERD and ERD after endoscopy (LA classification). Patients with ERD presenting with dyspepsia were included. Patients on proton pump inhibitors (PPI) or H2 receptor antagonists before endoscopy were excluded. Demographic data, Helicobacter pylori(H pylori) status and presence of minor psychiatric morbidity (based on General Health Questionnaire-28) were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 690 patients screened, 533 were eligible for analysis (male to female ratio: 3:2; Chinese: 75.4%; Malay: 9.8%; Indian: 14.8%). Clinical spectrum of GERD: N: 40.5%; A: 46%; B: 9.2%; C: 2.1%; D: 0.6%; Barrett's esophagus: 1.7%. Compared to patients with NERD, patients with ERD were significantly older (45 vs 39.4 years), more likely to be male (64.4% vs 53.7%), tended to smoke (19.6% vs 9.7%), less likely to have minor psychiatric morbidity (26.4 vs 46.7%) and were more likely to respond to PPI (79.7 vs 66.8%). There was also a trend towards a higher BMI (24.5 vs 23.5). Race, alcohol consumption and H pylori status were not significant. On multivariate analysis, age and presence of minor psychiatric morbidity remained with significant differences. CONCLUSION: The majority of patients who have typical symptoms of GERD have NERD or mild erosive reflux disease. Compared to patients with erosive reflux disease, patients with NERD were younger and had a higher prevalence of minor psychiatric morbidity.

Clinical Significance of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Exposure During Esophagogastric Anastomosis of the Neck

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical value in a comparison between intraoperative exposure and non-exposure of the recurrent laryngeal nerve （RLN） of the neck during left neck esophagogastric anastomosis following resection of carcinomas of the middle and inferior-segment esophagus. METHODS From January 2003 to April 2009, 237 patients were selected to undergo resection of esophageal squamous carcinoma via posteroexternal incision of the left chest plus gastroesophageal anastomosis at the left neck incision. The 237 cases were divided into 2 groups： 115 of the total cases were in group A （the study group）, cases of resections with neck RLN exposure. Of the patients in this group, 64 were male and 51 female, with a mean age of 49 ranging from 31 to 73 years. Another 122 cases were in group B （the control group）, cases of resections without neck RLN exposure. In this group, 51 of the patients were male and 71 female, with a mean age of 45 ranging from 33 to 75 years. In the 2 groups, there were 9 cases in total with symptoms induced by RLN injury. RESULTS Hoarseness, choking cough when drinking, and difficult expectoration were found in 1 of the cases （1/115） in group A （0.087%）, while there were 8 cases （8/122） presenting with these symptoms in group B （6.5%）. There is statistical signi.cance in the di.erences of RLN injury between the 2 groups （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION Analysis of study cases of esophageal carcinoma resection with left-neck esophagogastric anastomosis in the 2 groups indicated that the exposure of the RLN in group A resulted in an obviously lower rate of neck RLN injury after the surgery, compared to group B, where the RLN was not exposed. Exposure can lead to the avoidance of complications induced by RLN injury, such as dysarthria and choking cough when eating. As a result, satisfactory expectoration, which would diminish the incidence of pulmonary complications, can be reached allowing the patients to recover as early as possible. The results of our study suggest that the exposure of the RLN during the left -neck esophagogastric anastomosis has signi.cant clinical value, and that this approach can be recommended with con.dence.

Prevalence and correlates of lifestyle behavior,anxiety and depression in Chinese college freshman:A cross-sectional survey

Objectives:First-year college students had exposure to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors that correlate with a high prevalence of anxiety and depression.Regarding to the modifiable lifestyle behaviors factors,this study investigated the prevalence and correlation of multiple lifestyle behaviors,anxiety and depression in a sample of Chinese first-year college students.Methods:Cross-sectional data were extracted from Residents eHealth app of health lifestyle behaviors survey from September to October 2019.Anxiety,depression,eating regular meals,consumption of snacks in-between meals,consumption of fruit,dessert and sugar-sweetened beverages,smoking and secondhand smoke exposure,consuming alcohol,physical activity,sedentary time were assessed by self-report.Socio-demographic including age,gender,education,family income,religion,and health condition were captured.Logistic regression was used to explore the association of multiple lifestyle behaviors,anxiety and depression.Results:Totally 1,017 participants were included in the study.The prevalence of anxiety and depression(from mild to severe) were 40.3% and 45.3%,respectively.In multivariable analyses,religion (believe in Buddhism,OR =2.438,95%CI:1.097-5.421;believe in Christian,OR =5.886,95%CI:1.604-21.597),gender (Female,OR =1.405,95%CI:1.001-1.971),secondhand smoke exposure (OR =1.089,95%CI:1.001-1.184),and eating regular meals (OR =0.513,95%C1:0.346-0.759) were associated with anxiety.Family income (OR =0.732,95%CI:0.596-0.898),eating regular meals (OR =0.641,95%CI:0.415-0.990),frequency of breakfast (OR =0.813,95%CI:0.690-0.959),with a chronic disease (OR =1.902,95%CI:1.335-2.712),and consumption of nocturnal snack (OR =1.337,95%CI:1.108-1.612) were associated with depression.Conclusions:These results highlighted the need for early lifestyle behavior intervention,especially modifying diet patterns considering the background of religion,health condition,and social-economic status in first-year college students to improve their mental health.

Vagus-preserving Merendino-Procedure for Early Carcinoma ofthe Gastroesophageal Junction

Optimal therapy for early carcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction remains uncertain. Treat- ment alternatives discussed today reach from endoluminal techniques to radical esophagectomy with 2- or 3-?eld lymphadenectomy. In this context, the Merendino procedure with preservation of the vagal innerva- tion to the stomach appears as an interesting therapeutic alternative. This paper summarizes indications, operative technique, and functional results with respect to postoperative quality of life, based upon 2 cases operated in our department.

Morphological effects of autoclaved diet on the myenteric neurons of rats

AIM:To evaluate the effect of autoclaved diet on the jejunum neurons of the myenteric plexus of rats during their growth.METHODS:The experimental groups were made up of rats going through weaning whose mothers received either an autoclaved or a non-autoclaved diet during gestation and lactation,and rats that were fed the same diet as their mothers during the post-weaning period.In order to measure the neurons'body profile and to quantify the number of neurons per area,preparations were stained by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-diaphorase method.RESULTS:No significant changes were observed in rats'body weight or in the number of neurons regardless of the diet used(P>0.05) .There was a decrease in the jejunum-ileum length in rats treated with an autoclaved diet(P<0.05) .An increase in the neuronal cross-sectional area was seen in rats that had received the autoclaved diet,an effect that was significant for animals undergoing weaning.In addition,all observed factors showed significant differences when related to the age of the animals.CONCLUSION:The autoclaved diet did not alter the quantity of neurons,but increased their cell body area,suggesting changes similar to those observed in protein deficiency.

Optimization of GERD Therapeutic Regimen Based on ANN and Realization of MATLAB

Objective To optimize therapeutic regimens for gastro-esophageal reflux disease(GERD),artificial neural networks(ANNs)are used to simulate and set up an intelligent traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatment system.Methods ANNs were employed for machine learning;the clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment determination were simulated through systematic learning of therapeutic regimens for GERD symptoms in the ancient literature;and case simulation was conducted to achieve objective verification.Results The conformity of machinery prescription with the ancient literature exceeded95%.Conclusion The application of machine learning to TCM intelligent prescription is feasible and worthy of further study.

Carcinoid of the Esophagus Concomitant with Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus： One Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction Neuroendocrine tumor covers a wide range of neoplasms that originate in the neuroendocrine cells which spread throughout the body. Carcinoid tumor,

Central nervous system regulation of food intake and energy expenditure:role of galanin-mediated feeding behavior

Galanin is a neuropeptide widely expressed in the brain.It is implicated in energy expenditure,feeding,and the regulation of body weight.Numerous studies have revealed that galanin regulates food intake via galanin receptors,5-HT1A receptor and adrenergic α-2 receptor.In this review,we summarize recent findings that reveal the essential role of galanin in increasing food intake as well as body weight and that identify the individual galanin receptor subtypes involved in the brain＇s modulation of food intake and energy expenditure,to provide a theoretical basis for further studies of different aspects of galanin action.

Recent advances in the neural regulation of feeding behavior in adult Drosophila

The ability to maintain metabolic homeostasis is a key capability critical for the survival and well-being of animals living in constantly changing environments.Metabolic homeostasis depends on neuromodulators,such as biogenic amines,neuropeptides,and hormones,to signal changes in animals’ internal metabolic status and to orchestrate their behaviors accordingly.An important example is the regulation of feeding behavior by conserved molecular and cellular mechanisms across the animal kingdom.Its relatively simple brain coupled with well-characterized genetics and behavioral paradigms makes the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster an excellent model for investigating the neuromodulatory regulation of feeding behavior.In this review we discuss the neuromodulators and neural circuits that integrate the internal physiological status with external sensory cues and modulate feeding behavior in adult fruit flies.Studies show that various specific aspects of feeding behavior are subjected to unique neuromodulatory regulation,which permits fruit flies to maintain metabolic homeostasis effectively.

Identification of neurons responsible for feeding behavior in the Drosophila brain

Drosophila melanogaster feeds mainly on rotten fruits, which contain many kinds of sugar. Thus, the sense of sweet taste has evolved to serve as a dominant regulator and driver of feeding behavior. Although several sugar receptors have been described, it remains poorly understood how the sensory input is transformed into an appetitive behavior. Here, we used a neural silencing approach to screen brain circuits, and identified neurons labeled by three Gal4 lines that modulate Drosophila feeding behavior. These three Gal4 lines labeled neurons mainly in the suboesophageal ganglia （SOG）, which is considered to be the fly＇s pri- mary taste center. When we blocked the activity of these neurons, flies decreased their sugar consumption significantly. In contrast, activation of these neurons resulted in enhanced feeding behavior and increased food consumption not only towards sugar, but to an array of food sources. Moreover, upon neuronal activation, the flies demonstrated feeding behavior even in the absence of food, which suggests that neuronal activation can replace food as a stimulus for feeding behavior. These findings indicate that these Gal4-1abeled neurons, which function downstream of sensory neurons and regulate feeding behavior to- wards different food sources is necessary in Drosophila feeding control.