“文学地理”建构背后的宏大文化理念——以莫言笔下的“高密东北乡”为例

目前的文学地理学一般注重地域文化对作家的影响研究而忽略作家对于地域文化的建构研究。文章以莫言的"高密东北乡"的建构为例,说明正是超越于地域文化的整体历史语境决定了地域文化的书写价值,而地域文化以何种文化形象出现于作家的笔下,不仅与地域原乡相关,更取决于作家所持有的文化立场和具体文化理念。总的来说,莫言的生命主义、文化生态主义理念以及受当代语境影响的带民间色彩的文化政治理念是莫言创构高密东北乡的主导理念,它们一定程度上决定了莫言纸上故乡的文化面貌。

从高密“四宝”的齐鲁文化底蕴考察历史传统对文化产业发展的意义

作为非物质文化遗产的高密剪纸、扑灰年画、泥塑和茂腔地方戏,是传统文化根植民间发育生成的艺术瑰宝,其草创成熟与长久传承,得益于齐鲁大地丰厚的历史文化土壤。高密“四宝”在长久的历史流传过程形成广泛的群众基础,成为文化产业的重要组成部分,助力当地经济文化兴盛。探寻其深蕴的齐鲁文化之源,发掘其传统精髓的神韵魅力,不仅对文化产业健康发展有着积极意义,而且也是弘扬民族精神,增强文化自信心的有效途径。

Design and implementation of low-cost geomagnetic field monitoring equipment for high-density deployment

The observation of geomagnetic field variations is an important approach to studying earthquake precursors.Since 1987,the China Earthquake Administration has explored this seismomagnetic relationship.In particular,they studied local magnetic field anomalies over the Chinese mainland for earthquake prediction.Owing to the years of research on the seismomagnetic relationship,earthquake prediction experts have concluded that the compressive magnetic effect,tectonic magnetic effect,electric magnetic fluid effect,and other factors contribute to preearthquake magnetic anomalies.However,this involves a small magnitude of magnetic field changes.It is difficult to relate them to the abnormal changes of the extremely large magnetic field in regions with extreme earthquakes owing to the high cost of professional geomagnetic equipment,thereby limiting large-scale deployment.Moreover,it is difficult to obtain strong magnetic field changes before an earthquake.The Tianjin Earthquake Agency has developed low-cost geomagnetic field observation equipment through the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei geomagnetic equipment test project.The new system was used to test the availability of equipment and determine the findings based on big data..

对“高密三绝”博物馆化保护的必要性分析

由于传承生态缺失,传承群体中的年轻人群缺乏历史感和文化认同感,以及市场经济条件下急功近利的运作方式影响,对"高密三绝"博物馆化保护显得十分必要。博物馆化保护可对"高密三绝"进行系统科学的收集、整理与记录,博物馆亦可成为高密地区手工艺品和民间艺术品收藏中心,并可以有效为社会与公众服务。

Recent advances in design of hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalysts at high current density:A review

The electrolysis of water powered by renewable energy sources offers a promising method of"green hydrogen"production,which is considered to be at the heart of future carbon-neutral energy systems.In the past decades,researchers have reported a number of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)electrocatalysts with activity comparable to that of commercial Pt/C,but most of them are tested within a small current density range,typically no more than 500 mA cm^(-2).To realize the industrial application of hydrogen production from water electrolysis,it is essential to develop high-efficiency HER electrocatalysts at high current density(HCD≥500 mA cm^(-2)).Nevertheless,it remains challenging and significant to rational design HCD electrocatalysts for HER.In this paper,the design strategy of HCD electrocatalysts is discussed,and some HCD electrocatalysts for HER are reviewed in seven categories(alloy,metal oxide,metal hydroxide,metal sulfide/selenide,metal nitride,metal phosphide and other derived electrocatalysts).At the end of this article,we also pro-pose some viewpoints and prospects for the future development and research directions of HCD electrocatalysts for HER.

High density dislocations enhance creep ageing response and mechanical properties in 2195 alloy sheet

The creep strain of conventionally treated 2195 alloy is very low,increasing the difficulty of manufacturing Al-Cu-Li alloy sheet parts by creep age forming.Therefore,finding a solution to improve the creep formability of Al-Cu-Li alloy is vital.A thorough comparison of the effects of cryo-deformation and ambient temperature large pre-deformation(LPD)on the creep ageing response in the 2195 alloy sheet at 160℃with different stresses has been made.The evolution of dislocations and precipitates during creep ageing of LPD alloys are revealed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.High-quality 2195 alloy sheet largely pre-deformed by 80%without edge-cracking is obtained by cryo-rolling at liquid nitrogen temperature,while severe edge-cracking occurs during room temperature rolling.The creep formability and strength of the 2195 alloy are both enhanced by introducing pre-existing dislocations with a density over 1.4×10^(15)m^(−2).At 160℃and 150 MPa,creep strain and creep-aged strength generally increases by 4−6 times and 30−50 MPa in the LPD sample,respectively,compared to conventional T3 alloy counterpart.The elongation of creep-aged LPD sample is low but remains relevant for application.The high-density dislocations,though existing in the form of dislocation tangles,promote the formation of refined T1 precipitates with a uniform dispersion.

民俗学视角下“高密东北乡”的情感策略机制

"高密东北乡"中蕴含着深厚的民俗情感,从中体现出其对民间文化的传承与坚守。山东本土代代相传的民间传说和《聊斋志异》等颇具齐地夸诞玄幻色彩的文学作品,滋养了作家天马行空的想象力和敏锐的感受力,深刻地影响了莫言的写作姿态和作品中人物形象的塑造以及情节的营构。

作为虚构景观的“高密东北乡”

莫言在小说中塑造了一个虚实相生的文学地理世界——'高密东北乡'。天马行空的想象使得'高密东北乡'呈现出不同于现实高密的风景、习俗禁忌与生活习惯,超越了特定现实区域的文学书写和审美体验,成为景观虚构的一个优秀尝试。'高密东北乡'中不乏勤恳善良的劳动者,也不乏热情如火的英雄人物,却缺乏改造社会的积极参与者。奇特的风景和生活习俗也难以构成景观想象的全部内容,虚构景观中的社会想象力缺失也是显而易见的。

三元正极材料清洗废水资源化回收零排放处理工艺

锂电三元正极材料在清洗过程中产生含有Li^(+)、Al^(3+)、SO_(4)^(2-)、镍钴锰氧化物及少量其他离子的废水,对该三元正极材料清洗废水的资源化回收零排放处理工艺进行了阐述。该废水处理系统涉及的成套工艺包括预处理单元、废水减量化单元、沉锂单元和制纯水单元。重点对Al^(3+)的去除、膜浓缩、沉锂等关键工艺进行了重点描述,最后通过实际与理论对比分析,达到了预期的设计目标——锂资源得到有效回收、废水实现全部回用。通过对实际案例的相关数据的例举和分析,证明了本套废水处理工艺的可行性和可靠性,为锂电三元正极材料清洗废水的治理提供了典型的参考工艺路线。

Bending properties and fracture mechanism of C/C composites with high density preform

C/C composites with banded structure pyrocarbon were fabricated by fast chemical vapor infiltration（CVI）,with C3H6 as carbon source,N2 as carrier gas,and three-dimensional（3D） 12K PAN-based carbon fabric with high density of 0.94 g/cm3 as preform.Experimental results indicated that the fracture characteristics of C/C composites were closely related to the frequency of high-temperature treatment（HTT） at the break of CVI process.According to the load？displacement curves,C/C composites showed a pseudoplastic fracture after twice of HTT.After three times of HTT,load？displacement curves tended to be stable with a decreasing bending strength at 177.5 MPa.Delamination failure and intrastratal fiber fracture were observed at the cross-section of C/C composites by scanning electronic microscope.Because the content of pyrocarbon and fibers has a different distribution in layers,the C/C composites show different fracture characteristics at various regions,which leads to good toughness and bending strength.

Production of carbon anodes by high-temperature mould pressing

Laboratory-scale carbon anodes were produced by a new method of high temperature mould pressing, and their physico-chemical properties were studied. The influence of mould pressing conditions and coal pitch addition on the bulk density, crushing strength, and oxidation resistance was analyzed. The mierostructure of carbon anodes was investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and the mechanism of producing carbon anodes by high-temperature mould pressing was analyzed. The results show that when the anodes are produced by high-temperature mould pressing, coal pitch can expand into the coke particles and fill the pores inside the particles, which is beneficial for improving the quality of prebaked anodes. The bulk density of carbon anodes is 1.64-1.66 g/cm3, which is 0.08-0.12 g/cm3 higher than that of industrial anodes, and the oxidation resistance of carbon anodes is also significantly improved.

Analysis of Codon Usage Between Different Poplar Species

Codon usage is the selective and nonrandom use of synonymous codons to encode amino acids in genes for proteins. The analysis of codon usage may improve the understanding of cocion preferences between different species and allow to rebuild the codons of exogenous genes to increase the expression efficiency of exogenous genes, Here, codon DNA sequence （CDS） of four poplar species, including Populus tremuloides Michx., P. tomentosa Carr., P. deltoides Marsh., and P. trichocarpa Torr. ＆ Gray., is used to analyze the relative frequency of synonymous codon （RFSC）. High-frequency codons are selected by high-frequency （HF） codon analysis. The results indicate that the codon usage is common for all four poplar species and the codon preference is quite similar among the four poplar species. However, CCT encoding for Pro, and ACT coding for Thr are the preferred codons in P. tremuloides and P. tomentosa, whereas CCA coding for Pro, and ACA coding for Thr are preferred in P. deltoides and P. trichocarpa The codons such as TGC coding for Cys, TTC coding for Phe, and AAG coding for Lys, are preferred in the poplar species except P trichocarpa. GAG coding for Glu is preferred only in P deltoides, while the other three poplar species prefer to use GAA. The commonness of preferred codon allows exogenous gene designed by the preferred cocion of one of the different poplar species to be used in other poplar species.

Evaluation of Productivity and Light Quality in Two High Density Dwarf Rootstock Apple Orchards in Central China

[Ohjective] The aim of the study is to investigate the productivity and light quality in two high density M26 dwarf rootstock apple orchards in central China so as to provide some management guidance for close planting of dwarf rootstock apples.[Method] The technical parameters of individual trees and group parameters as shoot number and composition and canopy coverage were determined, and the light quality in the canopy, fruit production and quality were investigated. [Result] Slender spindle （SS） orchard has 54 thousands shoots per 667 m^2. Coverage rate is 76%. Leaf area index is 1.9. The ratio of long, medium and spur shoots is 1：1：8. Fruit yield is 3 263 kg/667 m^2 with 85% first grade fruit. Light interception in the canopy is 58% while the ratio of canopy with good light is 65%. Modified slender spindle （MSS） orchard has 93 thousands shoots per 667 m^2 and the coverage is 77%. Leaf area index is 3.3. The ratio cf long, medium and spur shoots is 1：2：7. Fruit yield is 3 931 kg/667 m^2 with 85% first grade fruit. The light interception in the canopy is 73% while the ratio of canopy with good light is 35%. [Conclusion] Apple orchard with M26 dwarf rootstock trained as SS and MSS tree form in medium planting density may be useful to the management of the similar orchards in Central China.

Contrast between 2D inversion and 3D inversion based on 2D high-density resistivity data

The 2D data processing adopted by the high-density resistivity method regards the geological structures as two degrees, which makes the results of the 2D data inversion only an approximate interpretation;the accuracy and effect can not meet the precise requirement of the inversion. Two typical models of the geological bodies were designed, and forward calculation was carried out using finite element method. The forward-modeled profiles were obtained. 1% Gaussian random error was added in the forward models and then 2D and 3D inversions using a high-density resistivity method were undertaken to realistically simulate field data and analyze the sensitivity of the 2D and 3D inversion algorithms to noise. Contrast between the 2D and 3D inversion results of least squares inversion shows that two inversion results of high-density resistivity method all can basically reflect the spatial position of an anomalous body. However, the 3D inversion can more effectively eliminate the influence of interference from Gaussian random error and better reflect the distribution of resistivity in the anomalous bodies. Overall, the 3D inversion was better than 2D inversion in terms of embodying anomalous body positions, morphology and resistivity properties.

Density Function Theory Study on Effects of Different Energetic Substituent Groups and Bridge Groups on Performance of Carbon-Linked Ditetrazole 2N-Oxides

Based on the parent tetrazole 2N-oxide, six series of novel carbon-linked ditetrazole 2N- oxides with different energetic substituent groups （-NH2, -Na, -NO2, NF2, -NHNO2） and energetic bridge groups （-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-, -NH-, -N=N-, -NH-NH-） were designed. The overall performance and the effects of different energetic substituent groups and energetic bridge groups on the performance were investigated by density functional theory and electrostatic potential methods. The results showed that most of designed compounds have oxygen balance around zero, high heats of formation, high density, high energy, and acceptable sensitivity, indicating that tetrazole N-oxide is a useful parent energetic compound employed for obtaining high energy compounds, even only combined with some very common energetic substituent groups and bridge groups. Comprehensively considering the effects on energy and sensitivity, the -NO2, -NF2, -NH- and-NH-NH- are appropriate substituent groups for combining tetrozale N-oxide to design new energetic compounds, while -NH2, -Na, -CH2-CH2-, and -N=N- are inappropriate.

Influence of particle size on property of Ti-6Al-4V alloy prepared by high-velocity compaction

Three Ti-6Al-4V alloy powders with median diameters of 103, 66 and 44 pm, respectively, were pressed by high-velocity compaction （HVC） technology and then sintered in vacuum. The effects of particle sizes on forming as well as properties of sintered samples were investigated. The results show that fine powders are more difficult to press than coarse powders and its compact density is lower too. But the sintered density of fine powders is obviously higher than that of coarse powders. Compared with the powders with 103 and 66 ~un in diameter, the green density with 44 ~rn diameter powders is lower, which is 85.1% of theoretical density （TD） at an impact energy of 913 J. After sintering at 1300 ~C for 2,5 h, the sintered density of the compacts with 44 pm diameter powders is the highest, and reaches 98.2% of TD. Moreover, the sintered sample with 44 pan in diameter has the highest hardness and compressive strength, which are HV 354 and 1265 MPa, respectively.

In-situ reactive compatibilization of HDPE/GTR blends by dicumyl peroxide and phenolic resin without catalyst

In-situ reactive compatibilization of high-density polyethylene （HDPE）/ground tire rubber （GTR） blends by dicumyl peroxide （DCP） and HY-2045 - a kind of thermoplastic phenolic resin without catalyst was investigated by studying the mor-phology, stress and strain behavior, dynamic mechanical properties and crystallization performance of the blends. Scanning e-lectron microscopy （SEM） results show that there are a lot of fibrous materials distributing in the interface, which connects the dispersed phase with the matrix and obtains better interfacial strength for prominent mechanical properties. The addition of compatibilizers results in the decrease of crystallinity of the blends and the disappearance of an obvious yield phenomenon, which was proved by the differential scanning calorimeter （DSC） test and X-ray diffraction （XRD） characterization Although the crystallinity of the blends decreases,the tensile strength and tensile strain of the blends significantly increases, especially for the HDPE/GTR/DCP/HY-2045 blends, which is possibly attributed to the good compatibility of the blends owing to the in-situ interface crosslinking. In addition, it is found that the compatibilizing HDPE/GTR blends shows a higher tan^ peak temperature and a broaden transition peak for GTR phase.

莫言:缔造一个“文学共和国”

莫言在答《中华读书报》(1996年5月15日)记者红娟访谈时说,1984年在军艺文学系读书时写了《白狗秋千架》第一次提出“高密”的概念。

High Brightness,High Power Density Fiber Coupling of High Power Laser Diode

The output radiation from the 100μm×1μm aperture of a high power Laser Diode (LD) is efficiently coupled into a 50μm multimode optical fiber.The fiber output of the high power LD with high brightness and high power density is achieved.The power density is up to 3 6×104W/cm2 and the coupling efficiency is 70%.The extreme divergence and the astigmatism of high power LDs require the optics with complex lens structures and high performance.A double-curved lens with two crossed cylindrical lenses structured on both sides of the glass substrate is used in the coupling system.