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趣味科普问答
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作者 王春 《世界科学》 2004年第8期F002-F002,共1页
其实,这种云我们在气象学中称之为“高积云”。这种像宽边帽的云只不过是“高积云”的一种形状。高积云在一定的气候条件下由于气流的波动而形成。这种气流的波动往往会在天空中形成千奇百怪的云,除了高积云,还可能形成卷积云。
关键词 气象学 “高积云” 气流 积云
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Magnitude and Trends of High-elevation Cloud Water Pollutant Concentrations and Modeled Deposition Fluxes
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作者 Selma Isil Thomas Lavery +2 位作者 Kristi Gebhart Christopher Rogers Carol Armbrust Wanta 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B)》 2017年第3期127-143,共17页
Cloud water samples, LWC (Liquid Water Content) and meteorological data were collected at the Clingmans Dome, Tennessee, high-elevation site in Great Smoky Mountains National Park during the warm season from 1994 th... Cloud water samples, LWC (Liquid Water Content) and meteorological data were collected at the Clingmans Dome, Tennessee, high-elevation site in Great Smoky Mountains National Park during the warm season from 1994 through 2011. This paper presents results from 2000 through the conclusion of the study in 2011. Samples were analyzed for SO42", NO3, NH4+ and H+. These measurements were supplemented by measurements of ambient air and precipitation concentrations to estimate dry and wet deposition. Cloud water concentrations, LWC, cloud frequency, various meteorological measurements and information on nearby forest canopy were used to model cloud water deposition to gauge trends in deposition. Total deposition was calculated as the sum of cloud, dry and wet deposition estimates. Concentrations and deposition fluxes declined over the study period. The decreases in cloud water SO42" and NO3 concentrations were 40 percent and 26 percent, respectively. Three-year mean 5042 and NO3 deposition rates decreased by 71 percent and 70 percent, respectively. Trends in concentrations and depositions were comparable with trends in SO2 and NOx emissions from Tennessee Valley Authority power plants and aggregated emission reductions from electric generating units in adjacent states. Back trajectories were simulated with the HYSPLIT model and aggregated over cloud sampling periods from 2000 through 2007 and 2009 through 2011. Trajectories during periods with high H+ concentrations traveled over local EGU (Electric Generating Unit) emission sources in Tennessee and Kentucky to the Ohio River Valley, Alabama and Georgia with the conclusion that these source regions contributed to acidic cloud water deposition at Clingmans Dome. This work was supported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Tennessee Valley Authority with infrastructure support provided by the National Park Service. 展开更多
关键词 Cloud water acid deposition liquid water content EMISSIONS back trajectory high elevation.
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