海地瓜的研究——Ⅱ 海地瓜与黄玉海参营养成分的比较

本研究采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),氨基酸自动分析,X荧光检测等方法,分别对海地瓜与黄玉海参进行分析。实验结果表明,海地瓜含有与黄玉海参同样丰富的维生素、微量元素和氨基酸。

乙烯利对绿豆下胚轴不定根形成的促进作用

乙烯利在10^（－8）～10^（－5）mol／L浓度范围内，对绿豆下胚轴切段不定根形成有一定的促进作用．10^(－8)mol/L乙烯利与10^(－4)mol／LIBA混合处理，生根数比二者单独处理生根数之和高出10．38％，即两者表现出协同效应．绿豆下胚轴切段切下后0～12h和36～48h两个时间段内用乙烯利处理，其不定根发生率较高，说明在绿豆下胚轴不定根形成的诱导期和起始晚期外施适当浓度的乙烯有利于根原基形成，并促进不定根发生．

牦牛、黄牛体外受精比较和分割胚的移植

采用常规方法对黄牛和牦牛卵母细胞的体外受精技术进行初步探索.实验采用相同的成熟液、受精液和培养液，并且两种卵母细胞成熟后均以黑白花冷冻精液进行受精.成熟培养时间为22～26.h.受精后48h移入颗粒单层培养滴中，第6、7、8天记录囊胚发育情况.结果表明：来自屠宰场的不同品种的卵巢在提供卵母细胞的数量上无显著差异（P＞0.05）.50个黄牛卵巢获得344枚可用卵母细胞、回收率为6.9枚／卵巢;30个牦牛卵巢获得206枚可用卵母细胞，回收率为69：16个黄牛加28个牦牛卵巢获得373枚可用卵母细胞，回收率为7.5受精后黄牛、牦牛的卵裂率（69.2％比44.1％）差异极显著（P＜0．01）而囊胚发育率（31.8％比25.0％）差异显著（P＜0.05）牦牛与黄牛卵母细胞共同培养时其卵裂率和发育率比较接近黄牛卵母细胞的发育水平（分别为61、2％和30.5％）挑选部分黄牛杂交胚胎进行分割实验，将其中的四对半胚非手术移入4头发情同步的受体牛．两个月直肠检查有3头妊娠（75％），其中有两头受体足用分娩，其－产奶黄杂公犊－头，另－受体产一对奶黄杂双胎、－活－死（畸胎）实验表明：常规的体外受精技术用于牦牛是可行的，但其中仍有－些值得改进的地方。

新型植物生长调节物质-Lepidimoide的生理作用及其与其它植物激素生理作用的比较

以燕麦、萝卜和水稻幼苗为材料，分析Lepidimoide的生理作用，并与其它激素的生理作用进行比较．研究结果表明：1Lepidimoide促进燕麦胚芽鞘切段的伸长，单侧处理燕麦胚芽鞘能产生弯曲生长，但作用效果略低于生长素；2Lepidimoide处理萝卜子叶能使叶绿素含量增加，但效果略低于BA，混合使用时作用效果高于单独使用BA或Lepidimoide；3Lepidimoide能促进水稻幼苗伸长，效果与GA3相似，但低浓度时效果不佳，混合使用时有一定的增效作用．上述结果表明，Lepidimoide是一种促进型生长调节物质，其作用与BA和GA3相似．

Effects of Feeding Corn Stalks on Economic Indicators of Tenebrio molitor

[Objective] The study aimed at reducing the economic cost in feeding Tenebrio molitor and improving the utilization ratio of corn stalks.[Method] The effects of different proportions of corn stalks on the weigh of Tenebrio molitor and the contents of crude protein,crude fat,Ca,P,dry matter and crude ash in the half-dry matter of Tenebrio molitor had been studied in the laboratory.[Result] Compared with the recipes of all wheat bran and pure fine fodder,feeding Tenebrio molitor by applying 30%-60% of corn stalks could significantly improve the content of crude protein in the half-dry materials of Tenebrio molitor,but it was detrimental to the improvement in weight of Tenebrio molitor and the accumulation of crude fat.To be specific,the recipe V（50% of corn stalks ＋ 50% of fine fodder） was beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter and crude ash.The recipe VII（70% of corn stalks ＋ 30% of fine fodder） and the recipe VIII（70% of corn stalks treated with Guangda feed leaven ＋ 30% of fine fodder） were beneficial to the accumulation of crude protein,Ca and P.There were differences among the influences of corn stalks in different treatments on the crude protein and other nutrition indicators of Tenebrio molitor.[Conclusion] Appropriately applying corn stalks can improve the accumulation of the crude protein,crude ash,dry matter,Ca and P of Tenebrio molitor but was detrimental to the growth and development of Tenebrio molitor and the accumulation of crude fat.

Prediction of Maize Yield and Its Component Factors in Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia under Climate Change

[Objective] The aim was to quantitatively predict the variation trend of maize yield in Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia under future climate change scenarios.[Method] Based on the data of daily temperature,precipitation and radiation in 25 km × 25 km grid in Ningxia from 2010 to 2100 obtained by regional climate model,maize yield in Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia in the 21st century was studied by means of corrected CERES-Maize model.[Result] With climate warming,maize yield in Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia in 2020s and 2050s showed increase trend compared with base years（average in 1961-1990）when current adaptive maize variety and optimum production management measures were adopted,while maize yield went down in 2080s with the further increase of temperature.The grain number per spike and spike grain weight as the yield components of maize also showed the same trend with maize yield.In 2020s and 2050s,the increase of maize yield under B2 scenario was higher than that under A2 scenario,while the decrease of maize yield under B2 scenario was lower than that under A2 scenario in 2080s.[Conclusion] With the increase of temperature,maize yield in Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia went up firstly and then went down.

Production of Biotechnology Fulvic Acid from Fermented Corn Straw by Microbial Community LCM9 and Its Application Effect

[Objective] The aim was to evaluate the feasibility of biotechnology fulvic acid produced by microbial community LCM9 by the use of corn straws as substrate and its application effect.[Method]Microbial community was obtained from the nature samples,and corn straws were used as fermentation substrate.The yield of biotechnology fulvic acid and its application effect was evaluated.[Result]The yield of biotechnology fulvic acid was up to 15.7% when the water content was 75.0% and fermented after 7 d using corn straws as the only source of nutrition.After 500 mg/kg of biotechnology fulvic acid was added for 5 d,the root length and bud length could be increased by 59.1% and 97.1%,respectively.[Conclusion]A higher yield of biotechnology fulvic acid could be obtained by the method in this experiment and the product could enhance the growth of wheat seedlings.

Effects of Enhanced Ultraviolet Radiation-B on Maize in Arid Regions of Middle-high Elevation

[Objective] The experiment aimed to explore the influence of enhanced ultraviolet radiation-B on maize in arid regions of middle-high elevation for correct assessing the influence of enhanced ultraviolet radiation-B on maize and providing scientific reference to make proper countermeasures. [ Method] The location test in field and lift lamp of UV-B were used to observe the changes of maize height, leaf area and number of green leaves under influences of different UV-B radiation. [ Result] In arid regions of middle-high elevation, enhanced ultraviolet radiation-B could dwarf maize plant, decrease leaf area, decline number of green leaves and yield. The reason of decreasing leaf area was that enhanced ultraviolet radiation-B shortened leaf length and leaf width while the reason of declining yield was that yield components were all negatively influ- enced and with the increase of ultraviolet radiation-B, the yield declined dramatically. [ Concluslonl The result of this experiment would be good for maize production in arid regions of middle-high elevation.

Determination of Astragaloside IV in Yupingfeng Oral Solution by HPLC-ELSD Method

[Objective] This study aimed to establish a method for determining the content of Astragaloside IV in Yupingfeng oral solution.[Method] The HPLC-ELSD method was adopted.The chromatographic column was Venusil MP（4.6 mm × 150 mm,5 μm）.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water（35∶65）.The ELSD evaporator tube temperature was 65 ℃.N2 was used as the carrier gas（pressure,30 psi）.[Result] When the content of Astragaloside IV ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 μg,the Astragaloside IV content showed a good linear relationship with peak area（r=0.999,n=6）.The average recovery was 96.36%,and the RSD was 2.46%.[Conclusion] This method is accurate and reliable,and can be applied in the quality control of Yupingfeng oral solution.

Prediction Model of Secondary Substances in Anthocyanins Synthesis of Purple Corn

The aim of this study was to assay the polyphenols,flavonoid,polyphenol oxidase and phenylalnine ammonialyase which were relative to the anthocyanins synthesis of purple corn. The optimization of multiple linear regression model of anthocyanins synthesis was y=4.383 86-0.205 45x1＋5.479 638x2＋0.195 575x4. According to standard partial regression coefficient testing,the result indicated that polyphenols content was negatively correlated with anthocyanins and the relative influence to anthocyanins synthesis was-42.7%; flavonoid content and activity of polyphenol oxidase were positively correlated with anthocyanins of purple corn and the relative influence to anthocyanins synthesis were 71.45% and 73.32% respectively. There was no positive correlation between the activity of phenylalnine ammonialyase and anthocyanins of purple corn. The establishment of multiple linear regression model of anthocyanins synthesis was to provide theory foundation of producing anthocyanins in laboratory.

基于“形寒寒饮则伤肺”理论探讨变应性鼻炎因机证治

变应性鼻炎,中医多称之为鼻鼽,其常见临床表现多为鼻塞、喷嚏、鼻流清涕等,为现代的常见病、多发病。随着人们生活习惯及生活环境的改变,变应性鼻炎的发病率正逐年升高。该文通过探寻“形寒寒饮则伤肺”的理论内涵,并对其现代医学研究进行分析,从而得出本病的基本病机,即鼻鼽的病理因素多为寒饮,与肺、脾、肾三脏虚损密切相关。治法上当采用益气温阳化饮之法,临床上须以温药扶阳而驱寒,同时择选健脾温肾益气之品。据此大法,该文提出了小青龙汤、麻黄细辛附子汤及玉屏风散是治疗变应性鼻炎的基本方剂,其中小青龙汤功在解表散寒,温肺化饮,兼以宣通鼻窍;麻黄细辛附子汤在解表的同时,可温经扶阳;玉屏风散则主要起到健脾益气,固表止涕之效。三方合用,标本兼顾,治疗变应性鼻炎效如桴鼓。

Construction and Application of a High-throughput Method for Identifying Maize Resistance to Aspergillus flavus in the Field

In order to establish a fast and effective high-throughput method for identifying maize resistance to Aspergillus flavus infection in the field,5 conidial concentrations and 3 inoculation methods were compared and optimized. A correlation model between disease levels and aflatoxin B1 accumulation was established. The results showed that inoculating maize inbred lines with the optimal conidial concentration of 1.0×10^6 c/mL could accurately show the different resistance levels of maize to A.flavus infection,and the spiral quantitative inoculation technique could effectively avoid the defect of calculation error caused by commonly used methods. The positive correlation model of resistance level and aflatoxin B1 accumulation could effectively predict the capability of maize being resistant to A.flavus. 8 resistant and 9 medium resistant maize inbred lines of the RIL population were identified.The spiral quantitative identification method realized the high-throughput identification of maize inbred lines resistant to A.flavus infection in the field,and the results have shown high accuracy,stability and repeatability.

Association between Aspergillus flavus Colonization and Aflatoxins Production in Immature Grains of Maize Genotypes

Aspergillus flavus maize colonization leads to crop contamination by toxic secondary metabolites and carcinogens called aflatoxins （AF）; it has negative effects in public health and has caused economic losses in agricultural activities. Eleven genotypes of immature maize grain frequently used in Mexico were inoculated in vitro with two indigenous toxigenic strains ofA. flavus. The size of inoculum, temperature, humidity and presence of other phytopathogens were assessed. Genotypes Popcorn, C-526, Garst 8366, As910 and 30G40 showed resistance to rating of fungal colonization （FC） and AF accumulation, while 3002W, 30R39, Creole, C-922, HV313 and P3028W genotypes were less resistant. AFB~ had the highest concentrations （26.1 mg/kg ± 14.7 mg/kg）, while AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 showed only residual concentrations 1.6, 2.0 and 4.0 ~tg/kg, respectively. Concerning FC and AF, there were significant differences （P 〈 0.01） between strains and genotype. Both strains showed significant association （P 〈 0.01） between FC and the concentrations of AFB1 and AFB2 （R2： 99.5% and 93.2%; 87.2% and 73.2%, respectively）. Results suggest that the level of resistance to fungus infection and AF accumulation is related to maize genotype. It emphasizes the relevance of developing A. flavus resistant maize genotypes as an alternative to control contamination in foodstuff intended for human and animal consumption.

Photosynthetic Pigments Affected by Fertilizer Source in Four Brassica Vegetables

Effect of fertilizer source （mineral fertilizer or organic manure） on photosynthetic pigments leaves content of four brassica vegetables （Pak choi, Kohlrabi, Cauliflower and Cabbage） was tested. Among treatments, cauliflower fertilized with chicken manure had the highest content of chlorophyll a and b （10.08 and 9.37 μm·g^-1）, while, pak choi had the lowest values （2.00 and 2.44 μm·g^-1） in non-fertilized plants. These differences in chlorophyll a and b content may have a great impact on photosynthetic rate and activity. Total carotenoids and total xanthophylls （lutein, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin and violaxanthin） were the highest in cauliflower while the lowest was in pakchoi, β-carotene, on the other hand, was the highest percentage of total carotenoids （65.7%） in pak choi while Kohlrabi had the lowest percent （57.4%）. This high percentage offl-carotene of total carotenoids may compensate for lower content of chlorophylls and assist for efficient light harvesting process. Lutein showed to be the major components of xanthophyll pigments brassica vegetables and ranged from 0.462μm·g^-1 in cabbage to 0.626μm·g^-1 in kohlrabi but not differed significantly which may refer to genetically controlled. However, lutein, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin content were increased significantly by the application of chicken manure regardless ofbrassica vegetable type. Violaxanthin was only detected in pak choi and not affected by fertilizer source. It can be concluding from the increasing contents of total xanthophylls pigments that may increase photosynthetic efficiency through non-photochemical quenching process.

Study on Maize-water Model for Supplemental Irrigation in Loess Plateau

The Loess Plateau has a typical semi-arid climate, and the area suffers from very harsh ecological environment, severe soil erosion and water runoff, and uneven distributed precipitation. Due to the relatively low holding capacity, current rainwater-collecting and conservation facilities can only supplement a maximum of18 mm of water for crop production in each irrigation. In this study, mathematical models were constructed to identify the water requirement critical period of maize crop by evaluating response of each individual developmental stage to supplemental irrigation with harvested rainwater. In the transformed Jensen model, ETmin/Eta was used as the index of relative evapotranspiration. The use of relative yield and relative crop evapotranspiration was able to eliminate influences from unintended environmental factors. A BP neural network crop-water model for extreme water deficit condition was constructed using the index of relative evapotranspiration as the input and the index of relative yield as the output after iterative training and adjustment of weight values. Comparison of measured maize yields to those predicted by the two models confirmed that the BP neural network crop-water model is more accurate than the transformed Jensen model in predicting the sensitivity index to waterdeficit at various growth stages and maize yield when provided with supplemental irrigation with harvested rainwater.

Use of Waste Vegetable Biomasses Treated by Steam Explosion for the Horticultural Crop Protection

The purpose of this study was to assess the suppressive effect of Waste Vegetable Biomasses （WVBs） treated by the Steam Explosion technique in a continuous plant, against soil-borne plant pathogens. In order to assess their disease suppression, five WVBs （Miscanthus biomass, durum wheat straw, rice straw, corn stalk and wood shaving） and commercial compost were tested in vivo at three different doses （10, 20 and 30% of potting mix） on seven horticultural pathosystems plant/fungus： tomato/Phytophthora nicotianae, cucumber/Pythium ultimum, lettuce/Fusariurn oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, melordFusariurn oxysporum f. sp. melonis, bearffRhizoctonia solani, eggplant/Verticillium dahlie and fennel/Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The results showed that the corn stalk was more efficient respect to Miscanthus, compost, wheat straw, rice straw and wood shaving in all the patbosystems and at all the doses tested. The corn stalk suppression ranged from 97% in eggplant/F, dahliae to 35% in lettuce/F, oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, and it was significantly higher with respect to the other substrates. In general, the wheat straw, rice straw and wood shaving were statistically found less efficient as suppressive substrate with respect to corn stalk, Miscanthus and compost at the 30% dose in four pathosystems In particular, the wood shaving suppressiveness ranged from 48% in eggplant/V, dahliae to 12% in lettuce/F, oxysporum f. sp. lactucae. The different suppressiveness observed could be attributed to different concentration of the microbial inhibitory substances （furfurals, organic acids and lignosulfonates） produced during the processing of fresh biomass.

含红芪与含黄芪玉屏风散含药血清对老龄小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖和抗衰老作用的比较研究

目的:运用中药血清药理学方法,比较含红芪与含黄芪玉屏风散含药血清对老龄小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖和抗衰老的影响。方法:用相同剂量的红芪替换玉屏风散中的黄芪后,观察两方高、中、低剂量对老龄小鼠脾脏、胸腺指数和脾淋巴细胞增殖能力的影响,确定最佳剂量;采用MTT法确定最佳剂量含药血清对老龄小鼠脾淋巴细胞刺激增殖作用的最佳稀释浓度和作用时间;用最佳稀释浓度的含药血清与老龄小鼠脾淋巴细胞作用最佳时间后观察衰老细胞的阳性率,检测细胞内总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)和活性氧(ROS)含量的变化。结果:与空白组比较,各剂量组均能提高脾脏、胸腺脏器指数和脾淋巴细胞增殖能力,以中剂量(0.4ml/20g)效果最佳。MTT结果表明不同稀释浓度的中等剂量含药血清均可促进体外培养的老龄小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖,并表现出一定的时-效和量-效关系,以终浓度为20%的含药血清培养72h刺激增殖效果最佳,且红芪玉屏风散优于黄芪玉屏风散;β-半乳糖苷酶染色结果表明含药血清作用于老龄小鼠脾淋巴细胞后,衰老细胞减少,且红芪玉屏风散效果优于黄芪玉屏风散;红芪和黄芪玉屏风散含药血清均能调节老龄小鼠脾淋巴细胞超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)活性和细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平,且红芪玉屏风散提高T-SOD活性作用较黄芪玉屏风散好,其余二者无显著差异。结论:红芪玉屏风散与黄芪玉屏风散在抗衰老方面有相似作用,且在增强脾细胞增殖能力、提高T-SOD活性,降低衰老细胞数方面优于黄芪玉屏风散。