[Objective] To explore a method for the rapid determination of protein con- tent in grains of Panicum miliaceum L. [Method] The near infrared transmittance spec- troscopy （NITS） was used to build the mathematical mo...[Objective] To explore a method for the rapid determination of protein con- tent in grains of Panicum miliaceum L. [Method] The near infrared transmittance spec- troscopy （NITS） was used to build the mathematical models for the quantitative analy- sis of protein content in the grains. Four combinations of treatment that first derivative and second derivative were respectively combined with partial least squares （PLS） and modified partial least squares （MPLS） were set to compare their effects on the original transmission spectrum. [Result] The predicting effects of the 4 combinations were similar. The optimal combination was first derivative with MPLS, in which the average determination coefficient of validation （RSQ） was 0.880 6, correlation coeffi- cient of cross validation （1-VR） was 0.857 0, standard error of calibration （SEC） was 0.342 4, standard error of cross validation （SECV） was 0.375 1, and the standard er- ror of prediction （SEP） was 0.454. [Conclusion] The constructed NITS model is a rapid way for the determination of protein content in grains of P. miliaceum.展开更多
To study growth responses of the roots of Panicum miliaceum L. to heterogeneous supply of nutrients. The authors analyzed the effects of the nutrient levels in both original patches (O) and destination patches (D) on ...To study growth responses of the roots of Panicum miliaceum L. to heterogeneous supply of nutrients. The authors analyzed the effects of the nutrient levels in both original patches (O) and destination patches (D) on the root growth of P. miliaceum when its roots were allowed to extend from original patch into destination patch. When the nutrient levels in the original patches were low, coarse root biomass ratio (coarse root biomass in the D/total coarse root biomass), coarse root length ratio (coarse root length in the D/total coarse root length), coarse root surface area ratio (coarse root surface area in the D/total coarse root surface area) and fine root length ratio (fine root length in the D/total fine root length) were greater in the destination patches with lower nutrient levels than in the destination patches with higher nutrient levels, while fine root length, fine root length density, fine root surface index, and fine root surface area density were smaller in the former than in the latter. When the nutrient levels in the original patches were high, fine root length, fine root length density, fine root surface area index and fine root surface density were greater in the destination patches with lower nutrient levels than in the destination patches with higher nutrient levels, coarse roots did not respond to the nutrient levels in the destination patches significantly. When the roots extended from the original patches with the same nutrient level into the destination patches with contrasting nutrient levels, fine root biomass and its percentage allocation did not respond to the nutrient levels in the destination patches significantly, whereas both root length and root surface area did. This indicates that the fine roots of P. miliaceum responded to difference in nutrient supply by plasticity in their length and surface area, rather than in their root biomass.展开更多
Biological characteristics of methane emission were compared among Oryza sativa, Panicum crus-galli andCyperus difformis grown on paddy soil. The order of the amounts of methane emitted was P. crus-galli > O. sativ...Biological characteristics of methane emission were compared among Oryza sativa, Panicum crus-galli andCyperus difformis grown on paddy soil. The order of the amounts of methane emitted was P. crus-galli > O. sativa >C. difformis, with the former two 11 and 8 times as much as that of the latter, respectively. And it was just opposite tothat of the methane-forming activities of roots of the three plants. The diurnal changes of methane emission of thethree plants were relatively consistent with valleys during 11:00-14:00 and midnight and peaks during 8:00-11: 00,14:00- 20:00 and about 5:00 early morning. The methanogenic activites in rhizospheric soils were higher than those innonrhizospheric soils with P. crus-galli and O. sativa, but not with C. difformis. The pathways of methane release ofP. crus-galli and O . sativa were probably through the top gaps near the junctions of nodal plate and leaf sheath, how-ever in C. difformistopgaps from which methane could escape into atmosphere were not found.展开更多
An attempt was made in the present investigation to utilize the vast deposit of rock phosphate （RP） of India by preparing nano RP using modem tool of nano-science and nano-technology for field application to maize c...An attempt was made in the present investigation to utilize the vast deposit of rock phosphate （RP） of India by preparing nano RP using modem tool of nano-science and nano-technology for field application to maize crop （Zea mays L.）. To evaluate the efficacy of different nano RP, a field experiment was conducted during kharif season （June to September） of 2012 at India Institute of Soil Science （IISS）, Bhopal, taking maize as a test crop. The experiment consisted of five treatments （control, NK （100%）, NPK （100%）, NK （I00%） ＋ 60 kg P205） as nano RP through Udaipur nano RP （34% P205） and Udaipur nano RP （31% P205） were tested in randomized block design with four replications. The results showed that the shelling percentage, 1,000 grain weight, grain and stover yield, etc., were significantly higher in the maize plant treated with Udaipur nano RP （34% P205） as compared to the control, which was being at par with single super phosphate （SSP） treated plants. The total P content and its uptake were higher （0.65% and 40.29 kg/ha） in SSP treated plant, which was closely followed by Udaipur nano RP 34% （0.63% and 38.29 kg/ha） over the control （0.60% and 27.82 kg/ha）. The SSP treated plants had significantly highest apparent P recovery （47.98%） which was comparable to Udaipur nano RP （34% P205）, where as the Udaipur nano RP （31% P205） had the lowest. The additional N and K uptake by the plant was also observed with application of P sources, which were ranged from 16.5 kg/ha to 37.2 kg/ha and 27.9 kg/ha to 64.7 kg/ha under different P treatments. These results showed that crop utilization of P from nano RP was at par with that of P from SSP while yield response to P from nano RP was marginally lower than to P from SSP but serve as a cheaper source.展开更多
On the Kpinnou ranch in Benin, it was observed that the Girolando dairy cattle which graze Panieum maximum var. CI are more susceptible to infestation of ticks. The purpose of this study was to highlight the interacti...On the Kpinnou ranch in Benin, it was observed that the Girolando dairy cattle which graze Panieum maximum var. CI are more susceptible to infestation of ticks. The purpose of this study was to highlight the interactions between ticks and their bovine hosts and two types of artificial grazing pastures. Nineteen young Girolando dairy cattle were used during the big rainy season （March-June） 2009. All present ticks on the animals have been counted according to the body region. The bovine have been divided into two relatively homogeneous groups often and nine animals. The group I of 10 animals had been grazed on Panicum maximum whereas the group 2 of 9 animals had been grazed on Panicum maximum var. C 1. During the two months of grazing, a weekly monitoring of the evolution of the load in ticks has been achieved. Four genera of ticks were identified on the bovine Girolandos （Amblyomma, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus and Boophilus）. The Boophilus genus is the most abundant （P 〈 0.05）. The animals having grazed Panicum maximum var. C I are more infested than those that have been grazed Panicum maximum. A variation of the rate of infestation of the animals has been observed in relation to the different body areas. The colour of the coat also has an effect on the load in tick of the bovine. The bovine of dark coat are in general more infested （P 〈 0.05） than those of clear colour.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2006BAD02B07)the National Mordern Agricultural Industry System of China(CARS-07-12.5-A12)~~
文摘[Objective] To explore a method for the rapid determination of protein con- tent in grains of Panicum miliaceum L. [Method] The near infrared transmittance spec- troscopy （NITS） was used to build the mathematical models for the quantitative analy- sis of protein content in the grains. Four combinations of treatment that first derivative and second derivative were respectively combined with partial least squares （PLS） and modified partial least squares （MPLS） were set to compare their effects on the original transmission spectrum. [Result] The predicting effects of the 4 combinations were similar. The optimal combination was first derivative with MPLS, in which the average determination coefficient of validation （RSQ） was 0.880 6, correlation coeffi- cient of cross validation （1-VR） was 0.857 0, standard error of calibration （SEC） was 0.342 4, standard error of cross validation （SECV） was 0.375 1, and the standard er- ror of prediction （SEP） was 0.454. [Conclusion] The constructed NITS model is a rapid way for the determination of protein content in grains of P. miliaceum.
文摘To study growth responses of the roots of Panicum miliaceum L. to heterogeneous supply of nutrients. The authors analyzed the effects of the nutrient levels in both original patches (O) and destination patches (D) on the root growth of P. miliaceum when its roots were allowed to extend from original patch into destination patch. When the nutrient levels in the original patches were low, coarse root biomass ratio (coarse root biomass in the D/total coarse root biomass), coarse root length ratio (coarse root length in the D/total coarse root length), coarse root surface area ratio (coarse root surface area in the D/total coarse root surface area) and fine root length ratio (fine root length in the D/total fine root length) were greater in the destination patches with lower nutrient levels than in the destination patches with higher nutrient levels, while fine root length, fine root length density, fine root surface index, and fine root surface area density were smaller in the former than in the latter. When the nutrient levels in the original patches were high, fine root length, fine root length density, fine root surface area index and fine root surface density were greater in the destination patches with lower nutrient levels than in the destination patches with higher nutrient levels, coarse roots did not respond to the nutrient levels in the destination patches significantly. When the roots extended from the original patches with the same nutrient level into the destination patches with contrasting nutrient levels, fine root biomass and its percentage allocation did not respond to the nutrient levels in the destination patches significantly, whereas both root length and root surface area did. This indicates that the fine roots of P. miliaceum responded to difference in nutrient supply by plasticity in their length and surface area, rather than in their root biomass.
文摘Biological characteristics of methane emission were compared among Oryza sativa, Panicum crus-galli andCyperus difformis grown on paddy soil. The order of the amounts of methane emitted was P. crus-galli > O. sativa >C. difformis, with the former two 11 and 8 times as much as that of the latter, respectively. And it was just opposite tothat of the methane-forming activities of roots of the three plants. The diurnal changes of methane emission of thethree plants were relatively consistent with valleys during 11:00-14:00 and midnight and peaks during 8:00-11: 00,14:00- 20:00 and about 5:00 early morning. The methanogenic activites in rhizospheric soils were higher than those innonrhizospheric soils with P. crus-galli and O. sativa, but not with C. difformis. The pathways of methane release ofP. crus-galli and O . sativa were probably through the top gaps near the junctions of nodal plate and leaf sheath, how-ever in C. difformistopgaps from which methane could escape into atmosphere were not found.
文摘An attempt was made in the present investigation to utilize the vast deposit of rock phosphate （RP） of India by preparing nano RP using modem tool of nano-science and nano-technology for field application to maize crop （Zea mays L.）. To evaluate the efficacy of different nano RP, a field experiment was conducted during kharif season （June to September） of 2012 at India Institute of Soil Science （IISS）, Bhopal, taking maize as a test crop. The experiment consisted of five treatments （control, NK （100%）, NPK （100%）, NK （I00%） ＋ 60 kg P205） as nano RP through Udaipur nano RP （34% P205） and Udaipur nano RP （31% P205） were tested in randomized block design with four replications. The results showed that the shelling percentage, 1,000 grain weight, grain and stover yield, etc., were significantly higher in the maize plant treated with Udaipur nano RP （34% P205） as compared to the control, which was being at par with single super phosphate （SSP） treated plants. The total P content and its uptake were higher （0.65% and 40.29 kg/ha） in SSP treated plant, which was closely followed by Udaipur nano RP 34% （0.63% and 38.29 kg/ha） over the control （0.60% and 27.82 kg/ha）. The SSP treated plants had significantly highest apparent P recovery （47.98%） which was comparable to Udaipur nano RP （34% P205）, where as the Udaipur nano RP （31% P205） had the lowest. The additional N and K uptake by the plant was also observed with application of P sources, which were ranged from 16.5 kg/ha to 37.2 kg/ha and 27.9 kg/ha to 64.7 kg/ha under different P treatments. These results showed that crop utilization of P from nano RP was at par with that of P from SSP while yield response to P from nano RP was marginally lower than to P from SSP but serve as a cheaper source.
文摘On the Kpinnou ranch in Benin, it was observed that the Girolando dairy cattle which graze Panieum maximum var. CI are more susceptible to infestation of ticks. The purpose of this study was to highlight the interactions between ticks and their bovine hosts and two types of artificial grazing pastures. Nineteen young Girolando dairy cattle were used during the big rainy season （March-June） 2009. All present ticks on the animals have been counted according to the body region. The bovine have been divided into two relatively homogeneous groups often and nine animals. The group I of 10 animals had been grazed on Panicum maximum whereas the group 2 of 9 animals had been grazed on Panicum maximum var. C 1. During the two months of grazing, a weekly monitoring of the evolution of the load in ticks has been achieved. Four genera of ticks were identified on the bovine Girolandos （Amblyomma, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus and Boophilus）. The Boophilus genus is the most abundant （P 〈 0.05）. The animals having grazed Panicum maximum var. C I are more infested than those that have been grazed Panicum maximum. A variation of the rate of infestation of the animals has been observed in relation to the different body areas. The colour of the coat also has an effect on the load in tick of the bovine. The bovine of dark coat are in general more infested （P 〈 0.05） than those of clear colour.
