闽、浙、台“黑头过”酱油工艺

在福建省的闽南地区 ,泉州沿海 ,浙江省东南沿海的温州一带 ,流传逾千年的“黑头过”酱油工艺 ,于郑成功攻复台湾后又传到宝岛台湾。黑头过酱油工艺 :“黑豆采用固态无盐进行自然保温发酵、淡水浸出、浸出期间再渐渐地在酱醪中增加食盐 ,咸足。转入短期间的后熟酿制 ,放出黑豆酱油。它巧妙地利用酱醅在发酵、分解时所释放出来的发酵热和分解热来维持发酵系统自身的温度。完成酿造过程分解 ,合成等复杂的生化反应。黑豆酱油工艺是采用大水量固态自然保温发酵 ,原料中蛋白质得以充分水解。产出的黑豆酱油鲜味独特 ,稍带浑香 ,别俱一格。在放出“头过”酱油后 ,剩渣也不再利用了 ,故名 :“黑头过”

质量风险管理技术在小容量注射剂可见异物检查中的应用

通过质量风险管理技术——潜在失效模式及后果分析(FMEA)的运用,系统地控制小容量注射剂可见异物中黑头的产生及漏检,确保产品质量持续稳定。

Home range,population density,and habitat utilization of the Sichuan Jay (Perisoreus internigrans)

We assessed habitat preference and population status of the Sichuan Jay (Perisoreus internigrans),a poorly known Chinese endemic bird,at two sites (Zhuoni and Jiuzhaigou) in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau between 2001 and 2004.Mean group size was 3.8 jays.Each group occupied a mean home range of 42.0 ha during the breeding season,and the mean internest distance was 2.7 km.These data indicated that the jays used less than ten percent of the available habitats and occurred at an overall density of only 0.6 jays per km2.Radio-tracked Sichuan Jays had a strong preference for mature montane coniferous forests and avoided areas dominated by shrubs,while the utilization of young conifers,grassland,and human residential habitat types did not differ significantly from the values expected from the home-range availabilities of these habitats generally.

Preliminary assessment on the current knowledge of the Chinese Crested Tern(Sterna bernsteini)

The Chinese Crested Tern (Sterna bernsteini;hereafter regarded as CCT, Plate I) is perhaps the most enigmatic tern bird in the world–though

Are they hybrids of Sterna bergii × Sterna bernsteini?

Introduction Since for the first time the Chinese Crested Tern(Sterna bernsteini)(hereafter CCT) was recorded at the Min River estuary of Fujian coast,SE China on 8 August 2004(Jiang et al.,2005a,2005b),field studies have been undertaken there and the bird been seen regularly.Since 2008。

Latest evidence of the existence of the northern flock of the Chinese Crested Tern(Sterna bernsteini)

Three Chinese Crested Terns (Sterna bernsteini) were seen stopping at the Golden Coast of Rizhao (city), southern Shandong Province, China, on 6 September 2011. This is the third record of the bird appearing in northern

Research on black-and-white image processing method of smart car camera

In view of the images collection and processing problems of the smart car camera, the paper introduces a method which deals with field and line synchronization signal separation and binarization processing of the video signal collected from track fields, and which is capable to extract and position black border trajectory images effectively. According to the experiment results of the method, the camera images can be collected and processed effectively, and the accurate image information can be provided for the smart cars to travel along the track. The method has the advantages of being easy to use, strong adaptability, ideal performance and high practical value. On the basis of advantages the method is of high practical value in smart car races.

Physiological characterization,transcriptomic profiling,and microsatellite marker mining of Lycium ruthenicum

Lycium ruthenicum is a perennial shrub species that has attracted considerable interest in recent years owing to its nutritional value and ability to thrive in a harsh environment. However, only extremely limited transcriptomic and genomic data related to this species can be found in public databases, thereby limiting breeding research and molecular function analysis. In this study, we characterized the physiological and biochemical responses to saline- alkaline mixed stress by measuring photochemical efficiency, chlorophyll content, and protective enzyme activity. We performed global transcriptomic profiling analysis using the IIlumina platform. After optimizing the assembly, a total of 68063 unique transcript sequences with an average length of 877 bp were obtained. Among these sequences, 4096 unigenes were upregulated and 4381 unigenes were down-regulated after saline-alkaline mixed treatment. The most abundant transcripts and over-represented items were assigned to gene ontology （GO） terms or Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and the Genomes （KEGG） categories for overall unigenes, and differentially expressed unigenes were analyzed in detail. Based on this set of RNA-sequencing data, a total of 9216 perfect potential simple sequence re- peats （SSRs） were identified within 7940 unigenes with a frequency of 1/6.48 kb. A total of 77 primer pairs were synthesized and examined in wet-laboratory experiments, of which 68 loci （88.3%） were successfully amplified with specific products. Eleven pairs of polymorphic primers were verified in 225 individuals from nine populations. The inbreeding coefficient and the polymorphism information content value ranged from 0.011 to 0.179 and from 0.1112 to 0.6750, respectively. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.064 to 0.840 and from 0.115 to 0.726, respectively. Nine populations were clustered into three groups based on a genetic diversity study using these novel markers. Our data will be useful for functional genomic investigations of L. ruthenicum and could be used as a basis for further research on the genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, and gene flow of L. ruthenicum and other closely related species.

Relationship Between the Central Hypotensive Effect of Acupuncture or Melatonin and the Changes of Medullary Amino Acid Neurotransmitter

To investigate whether changes of amino acid neurotransmitter releases in the rostral ventrolateral medulla （rVLM） were related to acupuncture and to the antihypertensive effect of melatonin （Mel） microinjected into the anterior hypothalamic area （AHA） of rats with stress-induced hypertension （SIH）, as well as to compare and analyze the relationship between the both antihypertensive mechanisms of acupuncture and of Mel in the AHA. Methods： Animal model of SIHR was made by electric foot shocks combined with noises. Electroacupuncture （EA） was used and “Zusanli” acupoint of both side was selected. The technique of drug microinjection into the brain was used to observe the change of blood pressure （BP）, and synchronously, brain microdialysis was performed for collecting dialysate samples, and then the concentration of amino acid neurotransmitters in the dialysate samples was determined by high performance liquid chromatography combined with fluorescent detection （HPLC-FD）. Results： After the animal received stress treatment, the BP elevated, synchronously, the release of glutamate （Glu） in the rVLM increased, and when EA was performed, the elevated BP of the rats with SIH decreased, simultaneously, the release of Glu in the rVLM decreased also. After Mel was microinjected of into the AHA of the SIHR, the elevated BP attenuated, meanwhile, the release of Glu decreased, and those of γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） and taurine （Tau） increased in the rVLM.Administration of bicuculline, an antagonist of GABAA receptor, into the rVLMprior to microinjection of Mel imo the AHA could partially block the depressor effect of Mel in the AHA. Conclusion： The decrease in the release of Glu in the rVLM contributes to the antihypertensive effect of both acupuncture and Mel in the AHA in the rats with SIH, and the increase in the release of GABA and Tau in the rVLM is also im0ortam to Mel in the AHA.

One Hair Postulate for Hawking Radiation as Tunneling Process

For Hawking radiation, treated as a tunneling process, the no-hair theorem of black hole together with the law of energy conservation is utilized to postulate that the tunneling rate only depends on the external qualities(e.g., the mass for the Schwarzschild black hole) and the energy of the radiated particle. This postulate is justified by the WKB approximation for calculating the tunneling probability. Based on this postulate, a general formula for the tunneling probability is derived without referring to the concrete form of black hole metric. This formula implies an intrinsic correlation between the successive processes of the black hole radiation of two or more particles. It also suggests a kind of entropy conservation and thus resolves the puzzle of black hole information loss in some sense.