Classification analysis of prediction skill among ensemble members in MJO subseasonal predictions——based on the results of the CAMS-CSM subseasonal prediction system

由于模式误差和初始误差所致,次季节-季节预报技巧整体偏低.国际上多数模式都采用集合预报的方式来提高次季节预报的准确率.热带大气季节内振荡(MJO)作为次季节尺度可预报性的重要来源,其预测水平取决于模式性能和MJO事件本身的物理特性.根据中国气象科学研究院气候系统模式次季节预测系统的回报结果,结合不同类型MJO事件的特征,对模式集合成员间的预报技巧进行了分类和比较.在集合成员预报技巧普遍较高的一类MJO事件中,对流异常信号持续时间较长,强度较大,强对流异常中心主要位于印度洋区域,并逐渐东传至西太平洋.在集合成员预报技巧多数较差的MJO事件中,对流异常信号的强度最弱,维持时间最短.在集合成员预报技巧优劣参半的类别中,MJO往往持续时间较短,强度较低,在后续传播过程中,对流异常中心多停驻在海洋性大陆区域.

Challenges Experienced by Nurse Educators in Promoting Acquisition of Clinical Reasoning Skills by the Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Qualitative Exploratory Study

Background: Clinical reasoning is an essential skill for nursing students since it is required to solve difficulties that arise in complex clinical settings. However, teaching and learning clinical reasoning skills is difficult because of its complexity. This study, therefore aimed at exploring the challenges experienced by nurse educators in promoting acquisition of clinical reasoning skills by undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A qualitative exploratory research design was used in this study. The participants were purposively sampled and recruited into the study. Data were collected using semi-structured interview guides. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the collected data The principles of beneficence, respect of human dignity and justice were observed. Results: The findings have shown that clinical learning environment, lacked material and human resources. The students had no interest to learn the skill. There was also knowledge gap between nurse educators and clinical nurses. Lack of role model was also an issue and limited time exposure. Conclusion: The study revealed that nurse educators encounter various challenges in promoting the acquisition of clinical reasoning skills among undergraduate nursing students. Training institutions and hospitals should periodically revise the curriculum and provide sufficient resources to facilitate effective teaching and learning of clinical reasoning. Nurse educators must also update their knowledge and skills through continuous professional development if they are to transfer the skill effectively.

Assessing the Levels of Clinical Reasoning Skills Using Self-Assessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning in Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Descriptive Comparative Study

Background: Clinical reasoning is a critical cognitive skill that enables undergraduate nursing students to make clinically sound decisions. A lapse in clinical reasoning can result in unintended harm to patients. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the levels of clinical reasoning skills between third year and fourth year undergraduate nursing students. Methods: The study utilized a descriptive comparative research design, based on the positivism paradigm. 410 undergraduate nursing students were systematically sampled and recruited into the study. The researchers used the Self-Assessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning questionnaire to collect data on clinical reasoning skills from third- and fourth-year nursing students while adhering to ethical principles of human dignity. Descriptive statistics were done to analyse the level of clinical reasoning and an independent sample t-test was performed to compare the clinical reasoning skills of the student. A p value of 0.05 was accepted. Results: The results of the study revealed that the mean clinical reasoning scores of the undergraduate nursing students were knowledge/theory application (M = 3.84;SD = 1.04);decision-making based on experience and evidence (M = 4.09;SD = 1.01);dealing with uncertainty (M = 3.93;SD = 0.87);reflection and reasoning (M = 3.77;SD = 3.88). The mean difference in clinical reasoning skills between third- and fourth-year undergraduate nursing students was not significantly different from an independent sample t-test scores (t = −1.08;p = 0.28);(t = −0.29;p = 0.73);(t = 1.19;p = 0.24);(t = −0.57;p = 0.57). Since the p-value is >0.05, the null hypothesis (H0) “there is no significantno significant difference in clinical reasoning between third year and fourth year undergraduate nursing students”, was accepted. Conclusion: This study has shown that the level of clinical reasoning skills of the undergraduate nursing students was moderate to low. This meant that the teaching methods have not been effective to improve the students clinical reasoning skills. Therefore, the training institutions should revise their curriculum by incorporating new teaching methods like simulation to enhance students’ clinical reasoning skills. In conclusion, evaluating clinical reasoning skills is crucial for addressing healthcare issues, validating teaching methods, and fostering continuous improvement in nursing education.

Analysis of the Digital Skill Gap of Agricultural Extension Personnel in South-East, Nigeria

The study analysed the digital skill gap of agricultural extension personnel on the use of digital technologies for extension services delivery in South-East, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of agricultural extension personnel in South-East Nigeria and identify the digital skill gaps among agricultural extension personnel in the area of study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 364 Agricultural Extension personnel for the study. Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaire and were analysed using simple descriptive statistical tools such as percentages, mean score, and standard deviation. Findings indicated that most of the personnel were male (57.8%), within the age bracket of 38 - 47 years (62.9%), had B.Sc./HND as their highest educational qualification (74.7%), married (86.3%), and had a household size of 6 - 10 Persons (57.7%). It was further revealed that the majority (70.1%) were members of professional organization, earned a monthly income of N50,001.00 - N100,000.00 (65.7%), had a work experience of 11 - 15 years (51.1%), and owned a smartphone/ iPad/laptop (91.5%). Findings further indicated that they had moderate skill gap in Basic Computer skills (Mean = 4.32), and digital communication and collaboration skills (Mean = 4.26). Findings also showed that they had a high skill gap in digital technical skills (Mean = 2.46), digital data analysis skills (Mean = 2.09), digital content creation skills (Mean = 2.43), digital ethical skills (Mean = 2.79), multimedia production skills (Mean = 2.81), and video library management skills (Mean = 2.39). The study concluded that though there exists a high digital skill gap among agricultural extension personnel in South-East, Nigeria, their socioeconomic characteristics are capable of supporting the implementation of digital extension services in the area. The study recommended that the management of Agricultural Development Programs in South-East, Nigeria, should provide digital training for extension personnel to close the digital skill gap that currently exists among the personnel.

Effects of Health Education with Problem-Based Learning Approaches on the Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Coping Skills of Women with High-Risk Pregnancies in Plateau Areas

Objective: Given the unique cultural background, way of life, and physical environment of the Tibetan Plateau, this study aims to investigate the effects of health education using problem-based learning (PBL) approaches on the knowledge, attitude, practice, and coping skills of women with high-risk pregnancies in this region. Methods: 76 high-risk pregnancy cases were enrolled at Tibet’s Linzhi People’s Hospital between September 2023 and April 2024. 30 patients admitted between September 2023 and December 2023 were selected as the control group and were performed with regular patient education. 46 patients admitted between January 2024 and April 2024 were selected as the observation group and were performed regular patient education with problem-based learning approaches. Two groups’ performance on their health knowledge, attitude, practice and coping skills before and after interventions were evaluated, and patient satisfaction were measured at the end of the study. Results: There was no statistical significance (P P P Conclusions: Health education with problem-based learning approaches is worth promoting as it can help high-risk pregnant women in plateau areas develop better health knowledge, attitude and practice and healthier coping skills. Also, it can improve patient sanctification.

Improvement in Patient Mobility Following Short-Term Rehabilitation in Skilled Nursing Facilities

Background: Mobility in older adults can be impaired after acute illness or hospitalization, and the level of severity can be used as a predictor of one’s ability to return to independent living. Patients are often referred to skilled nursing facilities in hopes of improving their mobility. We wanted to prove that rehabilitative services at Skilled Nursing Facilities improve overall outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 4612 patients admitted for short-term rehabilitation in a large nursing home chain in California. Our aim was to determine whether patients’ mobility scores, as measured by rehabilitative staff, significantly improved by time of discharge compared to their scores at admission. Mobility scores were rated from 1 to 6, with 1 being the most dependent on aid and 6 being the most independent, over a variety of tasks at admission and compared to scores at discharge. Pearson’s correlations were performed to determine if there were significant relationships in the data: the Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to describe the relationships between patient admission to a skilled nursing facility and medical improvement upon discharge. Results: The study demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in patients’ mobility scores upon discharge, with Medicare insured patients showing on average 57% improvement and Managed Care insured patients showing on average 59% improvement. Additionally, admission scores appeared to be predictive of the patient’s outcome at discharge. Conclusions: The values and consistency of improvement support the use of acute rehabilitative services in skilled nursing facilities. An equation can be formulated that evaluates patients’ estimated mobility statuses upon discharge from facilities based on their conditions on their arrivals. With this, new interventions can be studied and compared to the current standard of care by using these measurements. They can determine if further improvements can be made to increase patient outcomes.

Improvement of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) for Patients Treated in Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNFs)

Background: Self-care tasks or activities of daily living (ADL)’s performance are often disrupted after an older adult sustains an injury or illness, which can be a determining factor for discharge placement after hospitalization, or it can determine the level of assistance required after discharge from a skilled nursing facility (SNF). We believe that comprehensive rehabilitation can improve a patient’s overall functioning during their short term stay in SNFs. The purpose of this study is to determine if an individual’s level of independence improved after admission to a skilled nursing facility and procurement of rehabilitation services. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed 4612 nursing home patients in California who underwent rehabilitative services at skilled nursing facilities to determine how the patients responded to their environments, therapy interventions, and any other additional supportive measures. The records of patients who were admitted for short-term rehabilitation were reviewed in a blinded fashion, looking specifically at Section GG of the Minimum Data Set (MDS). Self-Care Section GG scores recorded by rehabilitative staff provide objective data and measure patients’ levels of assistance that were required. Each activity is scored from 1, being completely dependent, to 6, being entirely independent, with varying levels of assistance with scores in between. The admission scores versus the discharge scores can be compared to determine if a patient improved their level of functioning upon discharge. Results: Utilizing the Pearson’s correlation coefficient, a strong correlation of improvement in ADL performance on Section GG between the admission and discharge scores was identified, implying significant improvement in functional independence upon discharge. The average percent improvement for Managed Care patients was ~35.4% and ~39.4% for Medicare patients. Conclusions: The results support the benefits of rehabilitation services in skilled nursing facilities, and the data suggests that admission scores can be used as a predictive tool for functional outcomes.

System Assimilation of E-Skills in Tertiary Institutions to Empower Graduates in South Africa

The value of system assimilation is to improve working relationships between tutors and learners while increasing workflow efficiency among tertiary institutions with low operational costs. E-skills could be described as electronic education development, to assist ICT professionals to reach their future career goals and aim to help users boost their ICT skills. In a society that is expanding, it is also a crucial issue to take into account. Researchers have turned their attention to this topic because of its significance and contribution to the empowerment of graduates in digital education. Many scholars have proposed many methods for integrating e-skills into society with impressive results, but the rising rate of graduate unemployment in South Africa is gradually becoming a big worry in our society. A model based on Activity Theory (AT) and e-skills will be developed in our tertiary institution to equip graduates with skills that will increase their employability and provide more individualized work opportunities as part of this study’s effort to solve this issue. With the use of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Cronbach’s Alpha for validity and reliability testing, the study will create an experimental performance to assess the approach taken to measure e-skills in tertiary institutions to empower graduates in South Africa. The study established that system development and e-skilled models for tertiary institutions are growing gradually, especially in South African institutions, that empower graduates with profitable employability with experiences to improve work operation in the industries. In conclusion, system development and e-skills are very demanding but important to empower graduate employability to determine competency in the professional workforce.

住院医师规范化培训急诊专业技能培训中教师和学员的认知差异

背景住院医师规范化培训是培养高素质临床医师队伍的关键,急诊医学科是救治急危重症患者的前沿阵地,更是培养优秀临床住院医师的重要训练营。医学技能培训是住院医师规范化培训的重要内容,急诊核心技能培训涵盖的项目较多,教师和学员对具体培训项目的认知存在差异,会影响技能培训的效率和质量。目的调查分析河北省住院医师规范化培训急诊专业技能培训中教师和学员对培训项目的认知差异。方法2021年10月,选取来自河北省15家急诊住院医师规范化培训基地,准备参加河北省住院医师规范化培训技能大赛的教师和学员共103名作为调查对象,其中教师37名、学员66名。依据《临床技能操作细化流程及评分标准》,对13个急诊核心技能培训项目,按细化流程操作步骤制定电子调查问卷,进行“难易度”和“操作时遗漏情况”评分调查。结果教师和学员在“难易度”方面,对7个项目(53.85%):心电图采集术、动脉穿刺术、腹腔穿刺术、单人心肺复苏术、中心静脉穿刺术、气管插管术、三腔两囊管置入术,25个步骤(16.45%)的认知存在差异,教师的“难易度”认知评分低于学员(P<0.05)。教师和学员在“操作时遗漏情况”方面,对9个项目(69.23%):心电图采集术、腹腔穿刺术、单人心肺复苏术、中心静脉穿刺术、气管插管术、三腔两囊管置入术、腰椎穿刺术、无创通气术、胸腔穿刺术,和24个步骤(15.79%)认知存在差异,教师的“操作时遗漏情况”认知评分低于学员(P<0.05);其余3个培训项目(环甲膜穿刺术、同步电复律术、骨髓穿刺术)教师和学员在操作各步骤“难易度”“操作时遗漏情况”方面的认知比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论教师和学员对急诊核心技能培训“难易度”和“操作时遗漏情况”方面确实存在差异,一方面可促进临床技能培训课程设置的改进,提高培训效率,为培养高层次、高水平、应用型的医学人才提供方法学基础;另一方面,提示在今后住院医师规范化培训的类似相关研究中,在涉及教师和学员两个群体时,要考虑到二者之间可能存在差异,以期更客观地反映和探究住院医师规范化培训相关问题。

应用I-skills cycle循环模式培养大学生的信息素养

I-skills cycle循环模式是继BIG6模式之后,JISC信息服务联合会提出的又一培养信息素养的有效途径和模式。文章重点介绍I-skills cycle循环模式的内涵,阐述了如何运用I-skills cycle循环模式来培养大学生的信息素养。

从“HI-SKILL”到“HI-TECH”

古代，建筑师和匠人以精湛的手工技艺（“Ｈｉ－Ｓｋｉｌｌ”）使经典建筑具有不朽的艺术价值。工业革命开创了用工业制造工艺代替手工技艺的新时代。以更高的工艺水平来设计和“Ｈｉ－ｔｅｃｈ”建筑中集中体现。我们在建筑上已经丢失了传统的手工技艺，都还没有进入工业制造的现代工艺阶段。中国需要呼唤“精致性”设计！我们已经到了必须变革整个建筑业基本技术体系的时侯了。计算机辅助设计ＣＡＤ和计算机集成制造系统ＣＩＭＳ开创了新时代的工业制造体系和工艺水平，必将对新世纪的建筑产生影响。我们能否设想将来“计算机集成建造系统”ＣＩＣＳ的诞生？计算机控制的制造工艺能否体现人工技艺？

基于AXL-SKILL语言的Allegro封装工具的二次开发

着重研究基于AXL-SKILL语言的Cadence Allegro封装设计的二次开发技术。介绍AXL-SKILL语言,分析自建封装工具的方法和步骤,并针对几种不同焊盘和封装类型加以研究。结合实际经验,制定封装规则,实现封装工具的二次开发。

人教版SEFC(2003) Integrating skills部分教学问题的调查研究

通过采用问卷调查和跟踪访谈的研究方法，对人教版（PEP）SEFC（2003）教材实施以来Integrating skills部分教学问题及其原因进行深入调查发现：高中英语教师对Integrating skills部分读写关系理解存在偏差，读写关系处理失当，读写技能综合教学设计能力欠缺。其主要原因是教师对Integrating skills部分教材的编写意图把握不准；对阅读教学类型选择有误；对读写技能综合教学类型未加区分。

Drama to Enhance the Speaking Skills of EFL/ESL Learners

The paper starts with introducing the definition of drama. Then, many drama techniques are introduced. Next, Advantages of using drama techniques are discussed. Nonetheless, some problems in using drama in ESL/EFL are pointed out. The paper concludes that drama offers a useful educational tool to support communicative language teaching for EFL/ESL learners.

Analysis of Translation Skills of Chinese Dish Name

China is a country that attaches great importance to names,honor,and prestige.The set phrase,to achieve both fame and wealth,gives the true meaning of the word fame.Chinese food culture has a long history,and forms a variety of dishes,These Chinese dishes are popular with the whole world.English translation of Chinese dish can be found everywhere in China nowadays.For example:restaurants have bilingual menus;cook books are translated into English;food is discussed and recommended in English on newspaper,magazines and TV programs.Some of the English equivalents are so wordy or awkward that they read like recipes instead of names.Some are confusing and misleading.The problem is that some dish names embedded with cultural connotation are still translated literally,which makes the menus unintelligible and the target language reader lost chances to enjoy Chinese food culture.Owing to these features of the Chinese culinary culture,the names of Chinese food are kaleidoscopic and deny easy forms.

Discussion and Practice of Exam-oriented Skills in Landscape "Quick Design"

Landscape quick design is an important approach to test students' scheme performance ability,and also a vital issue in current landscape design teaching.The study has discussed methods to improve ability for quick design in short time and employment competition of students of landscape major.By taking landscaping skill competition training in higher vocational schools of Zhejiang Province for example,from the perspective of characteristics of quick design,quick design training has been divided into six modules which are basic quality,schematic design,design theme,plants disposition,drawing effect and exam-oriented strategies;key points of training and exam-oriented strategies of each module have been illustrated at length;and finally five stages of training process have been listed,providing new thought for teaching of landscape quick design.

English Language Attrition Among EFL Learners in Terms of Writing Skills

This study aims to identify if participants experience attrition in writing skills after two years' nonuse of English.70 participants took the tests of writing.A questionnaire was administered to the 70 participants and it included numerous variables that relate to language attrition such as motivation and social activities.The data collected from the tests and questionnaire were analyzed via SPSS.Cronbach's alpha and Many Facets Rasch Model were used to validate the construct and external reliability.The findings showed that participants experienced an overall statistically significant level of attrition in writing skills.Additionally,the specific skills of pertinence,coherence,clarity but excluding grammar,were seen to experience significant attrition over the two years' period.Participants showed a lower level of positive motivation and less social activities for learning English language during the two years' nonuse than before the two years' nonuse of English and this could have contributed to the writing attrition.

Improving Listening Skills via a Strategy-based Approach in Chinese Context

The author of this paper discusses how to improve listening skills by applying strategy-based approach to teaching EFL listening comprehension to the Chinese students of English in the light of : 1. Introducing the situation of teaching listening comprehension in China; 2. Analyzing the existing problems in this aspect; 3. Reviewing the theoretical literature on listening strategies and their role in teaching EFL listening comprehension; 4. Proposing how to apply the strategy-based approach in teaching listening comprehension. 5. Providing a strategy-based listening lesson plan .

民办高校应用型绿色建筑技能人才培养研究

当前国家政策统筹调整产业结构,随着协同推进生态减污、生态保护的美丽中国建设中,伴随建筑产业绿色化、智能化、工业化的发展趋势,中国建造的转型升级需要培养大量新型建筑专业人才。民办高校作为行业人才需求的蓄水池,应以行业变化趋势为依据,以企业人才新需求为基点,重构人才培养体系,一方面要强化新知识、打牢新基础;另一方面建立强化实践育人的人才培养机制。

实现一流技能 领跑世界经济——英国白皮书World Class Skills:Implementing the Leitch Review of Skillsin England

英国新的创新、大学与技能部于2007年发布了白皮书World Class Skills:Implementing the Leitch Review of Skills in England,从世界一流技能的目标、支持个人改善技能、增加雇主的发言权、创设新型的技术发展伙伴关系和重视年轻人工作和生活所需技能的培训等五个方面,阐述了英国提高全社会劳动力技能的计划及措施,以确保英国在2020年成为世界经济的领跑者。