从lncRNA NEAT1/miRNA-377-3p调控角度探讨乌头汤改善骨关节炎软骨退变的实验研究

目的:探讨乌头汤通过调控lncRNA NEAT1/miRNA-377-3p对骨关节炎软骨退变的作用机制。方法:饲养C57BL/6小鼠48只,随机分为空白对照组12只和造模组36只。采用Hulth法制备骨关节炎模型,模型建立后,再随机分为模型对照组、乌头汤组和硫酸氨基葡萄糖组,每组12只,番红-固绿染色进行骨关节炎模型鉴定。待干预完成后,采用Micro-CT观察膝关节形态变化,采用Real-time PCR检测软骨组织中lncRNA NEAT1、miRNA-377-3p、MMP-9、MMP-13、ADAMTS-4、ADAMTS-5、Aggrecan水平变化。结果:Micro-CT结果显示:与空白对照组比较,模型对照组小鼠关节结构变形明显,关节间隙严重狭窄,骨关节面破坏程度高且伴有骨赘形成;与模型对照组比较,乌头汤组、硫酸氨基葡萄糖组小鼠关节变形及损害程度发生显著改善。与空白对照组比较,模型对照组lncRNA NEAT1、MMP-9、MMP-13、ADAMTS-4、ADAMTS-5水平显著增高,miRNA-377-3p、Aggrecan相对表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);而乌头汤组可显著降低lncRNA NEAT1、MMP-9、MMP-13、ADAMTS-4、ADAMTS-5水平,并上调miRNA-377-3p、Aggrecan水平(P<0.05)。结论:乌头汤可改善骨关节炎软骨退变,与调控lncRNA NEAT1/miRNA-377-3p有关。

“有头脸”与“有头有脸”的来源及相关问题

“有头脸”与“有头有脸”均为“有名誉、有身份、有面子”义。“有头脸”始见于明代。在特定的积极评价的语境中,“头脸”通过转喻机制转指人的“名誉、身份、面子”等;由于受到表示增量肯定的动词“有”的影响,其主观性增强,通过语境吸收机制增加了积极、正向量,语义由中性义向褒义偏移。“有头脸”最迟到了清末民初已完成构式化。“有头有脸”始见于清代中叶,由于韵律组合规则的制约,其在类推机制作用下由“有头脸”扩展而来。“有头有脸”最迟到了清末民初已完成构式化。与“有头脸”“有头有脸”相关的肯定形式和否定形式包括“有脸(儿)、没脸(儿)、无脸、没头脸、没头没脸”等。其中肯定形式与肯定形式之间、否定形式与否定形式之间在语义上相同或不相同,肯定形式与否定形式之间在语义上对称或不对称。

加味白头翁汤对溃疡性结肠炎模型大鼠血清IL-5、IL-10影响

目的观察加味白头翁汤对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)大鼠的疗效。方法将60只SD大鼠随机地分成正常组、模型组、加味白头翁汤组、SASP组,每组15只。采用免疫复合法造模后,加味白头翁汤组和SASP组分别给予加味白头翁汤和美沙拉嗪颗粒灌胃治疗,记录各组大鼠一般状况并计算DAI评分。灌胃2周后,采用ELISA法测定大鼠血清中IL-5、IL-10水平,观察大鼠结肠大体形态学和组织学变化。结果与正常组对比,模型组大鼠DAI评分明显升高,血清IL-5增加,IL-10下降,组织学损伤评分显著增加(均P<0.01);与模型组相比,加味白头翁汤能明显改善UC大鼠炎症程度,DAI评分及组织学损伤评分明显改善,血清IL-5下降,IL-10上调(均P<0.05);与SASP组相比,加味白头翁汤组大鼠DAI评分、组织学损伤评分及血清IL-5、IL-10水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论加味白头翁汤能抑制UC的炎性浸润,促进结肠黏膜的修复,调节肠道免疫,从而发挥治疗UC的作用。

Genetic Evidence for Causal Association Between Hypertension and Chronic Pain:A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Objective The extent to which the association between hypertension and chronic pain in observational studies is either causally linked or influenced by other shared risk factors has not been substantially addressed.In the present study,Mendelian randomization(MR)was employed to examine the potential causal relationship between hypertension and risk of chronic pain.Methods The study data were derived from the pooled dataset of the genome-wide association study(GWAS),enabling the evaluation of the causal effects of hypertension on various types of chronic pain including chronic headache as well as chest,abdominal,joint,back,limb,and multisite chronic pain.We performed a bidirectional two-sample MR analysis using random effect inverse variance weighting(IVW),MR-Egger,weighted median,and weighted mode,quantified by odds ratio(OR).Results Genetically predicted essential hypertension was associated with an increased risk of chronic headache(OR=1.007,95%CI:1.003-1.011,P=0.002)and limb pain(OR=1.219,95%CI:1.033-1.439,P=0.019).No potential causal associations were identified between chronic pain and essential hypertension in the reverse direction MR(P>0.05).In addition,there was no potential causal association between secondary hypertension and chronic pain(P>0.05).Conclusion This study provided genetic evidence that a unidirectional causal relationship exists between essential hypertension and the increased risks of chronic headache and limb pain,and no causal relationship was found between secondary hypertension and chronic pain.These findings offer theoretical underpinnings for future research on managing hypertension and chronic pain.

Two new species in the bamboo-feeding genus Tiaobeinia(Hemiptera:Cicadellidae:Deltocephalinae)from China

Two new species of Mukariini,Tiaobeinia coarseata sp.nov.from Shaanxi and Tiaobeinia yuani sp.nov.from Gansu,are described.Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations of these new species are given.A checklist of all known species in this tribe from China is provided and a key is proposed for all species of Tiaobeinia.

Time-dependent effects in transient liquid phase bonding of 304L and Cp-Ti using an Ag-Cu interlayer

One of the challenges for bimetal manufacturing is the joining process.Hence,transient liquid phase(TLP)bonding was performed between 304L stainless steel and Cp-Ti using an Ag-Cu interlayer with a thickness of 75μm for bonding time of 20,40,60,and 90 min.The bonding temperature of 860℃ was considered,which is under the β transus temperature of Cp-Ti.During TLP bonding,various intermetallic compounds(IMCs),including Ti_(5)Cr_(7)Fe_(17),(Cr,Fe)_(2)Ti,Ti(Cu,Fe),Ti_(2)(Cu,Ag),and Ti_(2)Cu from 304L toward Cp-Ti formed in the joint.Also,on the one side,with the increase in time,further diffusion of elements decreases the blocky IMCs such as Ti_(5)Cr_(7)Fe_(17),(Cr,Fe)_(2)Ti,Ti(Cu,Fe)in the 304L diffusion-affected zone(DAZ)and reaction zone,and on the other side,Ti_(2)(Cu,Ag)IMC transformed into fine morphology toward Cp-Ti DAZ.The microhardness test also demonstrated that the(Cr,Fe)_(2)Ti+Ti_(5)Cr_(7)Fe_(17) IMCs in the DAZ on the side of 304L have a hardness value of HV 564,making it the hardest phase.The maximum and minimum shear strength values are equal to 78.84 and 29.0 MPa,respectively.The cleavage pattern dominated fracture surfaces due to the formation of brittle phases in dissimilar joints.

常州话后置虚字“-头”与“-脚”

常州话的后置虚字"-头"在吴方言中有广泛分布,但常州话却仍有特殊的功能与分布,除作为处所词、时间词的后缀外,还可以表示事物的整体样。常州话的后置虚字"-脚"更具有特殊性。它主要用于数量词,尤其是时点词之后,表示一种现在时-过程中途小结的体。

乌头注射液对大鼠肝肾毒性影响的研究

研究乌头注射液对大鼠体内肝肾功能的影响,进一步探讨乌头注射液对大鼠肝肾毒性作用。方法 将18只大鼠随机分为3组,即空白组(A),单次给药组(B)和连续7 d多次给药组(C),每组6只。适应性喂养1周后,单次给药组(0.65 mg/kg)肌肉注射1 d, 1次/d,连续多次给药组(0.65 mg/kg)肌肉注射7 d, 1次/d,两组于末次给药后禁食12 h,收集尿液,解剖取血,取完整肝脏及肾脏,称取肝脏、肾脏湿重,计算肝脏指数和肾脏指数,检测大鼠血清和尿液中肝肾功能指标。结果 大鼠肾脏指数、总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、丙二醛(MDA)、血肌酐(CRE)、总蛋白(TP)、胱抑素C(Cys-C)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)生化指标差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 乌头注射液对于肝肾功能有影响,长期使用可能对肝肾产生毒性。

氟桂利嗪联合头痛宁治疗偏头痛临床疗效及对血清TNF-α、ICAM-1和CGRP水平的影响

目的 分析氟桂利嗪联合头痛宁治疗偏头痛的临床疗效及对血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)和血清降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)水平的影响。方法 选取医院2019年2月—2021年2月住院收治及门诊诊治的偏头痛患者148例,根据治疗方法不同分为两组。对照组74例给予氟桂利嗪治疗,观察组74例加用头痛宁治疗。比较两组疗效、头痛症状各项评分、动脉血流速度及TNF-α、ICAM-1、CGRP的水平。结果 观察组的显效和有效共70例,总有效率为94.59%(70/74),高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗前头痛症状各项评分组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组治疗后发作频次[(1.70±0.39)次/月]、单次发作持续时间[(1.40±0.44)h]、VAS评分[(2.47±1.09)分]低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗前TNF-α、ICAM-1、CGRP及经颅多普勒(TCD)检查结果组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组治疗后TNF-α、ICAM-1、CGRP及基底动脉及大脑前、中、后、动脉血流速度低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 氟桂利嗪联合头痛宁治疗偏头痛可通过降低TNF-α、ICAM-1、CGRP的表达水平,改善脑微循环,达到减少发作频次,减轻头痛程度的目的。

乌头汤对膝骨关节炎大鼠软骨细胞焦亡相关基因表达的影响

目的:探讨乌头汤通过调控软骨细胞炎性焦亡途径延缓膝骨关节炎软骨退变的作用与机制。方法:将36只SD大鼠(雄性,8周龄)随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组和乌头汤组,每组12只。空白对照组不造模,模型对照组和乌头汤组采用改良Hulth法造模。空白对照组与模型对照组采用生理盐水(3 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))灌胃,乌头汤组采用乌头汤(生药浓度4.2 g·mL^(-1))灌胃。干预8周后,麻醉状态下摘取大鼠膝关节软骨。采用Western blot检测不同组别关节软骨中核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1(Caspase-1)、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-18的蛋白含量表达;采用Real-time PCR检测不同组别关节软骨中NLRP3、Caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18的基因相对表达变化。结果:模型对照组和乌头汤组NLRP3、Caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18蛋白含量与基因相对表达量均上调,与空白对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);乌头汤组能够下调NLRP3、Caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18蛋白含量与基因相对表达量,与模型对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:乌头汤可改善膝骨关节炎大鼠软骨NLRP3、Caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18的表达,抑制软骨细胞焦亡,延缓软骨退变。

乌头汤调控lncRNA GAS5抑制骨关节炎软骨细胞炎症反应的研究

目的:探讨乌头汤调控lncRNA GAS5进而干预白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)诱导的软骨细胞炎症反应的效果及机制,为乌头汤的临床应用提供实验依据。方法:4周龄SPF级SD雄性大鼠10只,提取大鼠双膝关节软骨,进行体外软骨细胞的分离与培养,采用Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化法对软骨细胞进行鉴定;经10 ng·mL^(-1) IL-1β干预24 h诱导软骨细胞退变。将软骨细胞随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组(10 ng·mL^(-1) IL-1β)和乌头汤组(150μg·mL^(-1)乌头汤水提物)。通过Real-time PCR检测各组软骨细胞中lncRNA GAS5的相对表达水平。免疫荧光染色技术检测软骨细胞中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)和解聚蛋白样金属蛋白酶-5(ADAMTS-5)的荧光表达量。结果:与空白对照组比较,模型对照组lncRNA GAS5相对表达水平显著升高(P<0.01),TNF-α、MMP-3和ADAMTS-5荧光表达增强;与模型对照组比较,乌头汤组lncRNA GAS5相对表达水平显著降低(P<0.01),TNF-α、MMP-3和ADAMTS-5荧光表达显著减弱。结论:乌头汤可抑制骨关节炎软骨细胞炎症反应,维持软骨细胞外基质稳态,与调控lncRNA GAS5相对水平表达有关。

量词“头”用法的跨方言分布及其源流研究

汉语方言中,量词“头”用法十分复杂,它可以称量动物、人、植物等有生物,也可以称量无生物和抽象物,甚至在有些方言中发展成了通用量词。称量动物的“头”在跨方言分布中形成了不同的方言类型,并呈现出具有蕴含关系的连续统模式。量词“头”用法的方言共时分布不仅是历史各个时期“头”用法在方言中的继承而且是方言自身不断发展演变的结果。

Effect of welding current on morphology and microstructure of Al alloy T-joint in double-pulsed MIG welding

The effect of current on the morphology of Al alloy T-joint in double-pulsed metal inert gas（DP-MIG） welding process was investigated by simulation and experiment.A three-dimensional finite element model and the DP-MIG heat source of double-ellipsoidal volumetric model were developed to simulate the temperature and stress fields under different welding conditions.The macro-morphology and microstructure of welding joints at the corresponding currents were observed in the experiment.The results show that the best condition is at an average current of 90 A and current difference of 40 A,when the maximum temperature is 200 °C higher than the fusion points,with the temperature difference of about 100 °C and stress change of 10 MPa between thermal pulse and thermal base.Under these conditions,Al alloy T-joint with proper fusion condition has smooth fish-scale welding appearance and finer microstructure.Furthermore,the thermal curves and stress distribution in the experiment are consistent with those in the simulation,verifying the precision of the welding simulation.

Effect of welding sequence on residual stress in thin-walled octagonal pipe-plate structure

A three-dimensional finite element approach based on ABAQUS code was developed to investigate the effect of welding sequence on welding residual stress distribution in a thin-walled 6061 aluminum alloy structure. To obtain sound numerical results, the therrno-mechanical behaviour was simulated using a direct-coupled formulation. Nine different simulation sequences were carried out by single-pass TIG welding of an octagonal pipe-plate joint, and the distributions of longitudinal and transverse residual stresses both on the outer and inner surfaces of the pipe were analyzed. The results suggest that the final residual stresses in the weld and its vicinity are not affected by the initial residual stresses of the structure. Selecting a suitable welding sequence can reduce the final residual stress in an octagonal pipe-plate joint.

Comparison of FSW and TIG welded joints in Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy plates

In order to study the welding process,microstructure and properties of Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy,comparative methods of friction stir welding（FSW） and tungsten inert gas（TIG） were applied to the two conditions of this alloy,namely hot rolled plate and cold rolled-annealed plate.The relationships between microstructures and properties of the welded joints were investigated by means of optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Compared with the base metal,the strength of FSW and TIG welded joints decreased,and the FSW welding coefficients were higher than the TIG welding coefficients.The loss of substructure strengthening and a very little loss of precipitation strengthening of Al3（Sc,Zr） cause the decreased strength of FSW welded joint.But for the TIG welded joint,the disappearance of both the strain hardening and most precipitation strengthening effect of Al3（Sc,Zr） particles contributed to its softening.At the same time,the grains in weld nugget zone of FSW welded joints were finer than those in the molten zone of TIG welded joints.

Structure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy/Ag interlayer/steel non-centered electron beam welded joints

Electron beam welding was carried out between aluminum alloy and steel with Ag interlayer. Seam morphology, structure and mechanical properties of the joints were investigated with different action positions of the electron beam spot. The results show that with the increment of the beam offset to the silver side from the interface between silver and steel, the seam morphology was improved, and the porosity in the Ag interlayer vanished. A transition layer mainly composed of Ag2Al and Al eutectic was formed at the interface between silver and aluminum, and became thin and spiccato as the beam offset increased. When the beam offset was too large, two IMC layers composed of FeAl and FeAl3 respectively were formed at the interface between steel and Ag interlayer. The optimal beam offset was 0.2 mm, and the maximum tensile strength of the joint was 193 MPa, 88.9% that of the aluminum alloy, and the fracture occurred at the interface between steel and Ag interlayer.

乌头汤治疗寒湿痹阻型膝骨关节炎:与双氯芬酸钠的比较

目的:观察乌头汤治疗寒湿痹阻型膝骨关节炎患者的功能康复疗效。方法:将60例寒湿痹阻型膝骨关节炎患者随机分为乌头汤组和扶他林组,每组30例。2组均给予健康教育。乌头汤组另给予乌头汤内服外洗。扶他林组另给予双氯芬酸钠肠溶片内服,双氯芬酸二乙胺乳胶剂外敷。经10 d、20 d治疗后,评价2组视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、关节活动度、Lysholm膝关节功能评分。结果:治疗后,2组VAS评分较治疗前均降低,关节活动度、Lysholm膝关节功能评分均升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗10 d后,扶他林组VAS评分改善程度显著优于乌头汤组(P<0.01);治疗20 d后,乌头汤组在改善关节活动度及Lysholm膝关节功能评分方面均优于扶他林组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:乌头汤、扶他林均可缓解膝骨关节炎患者疼痛,改善膝关节功能障碍程度,提高关节活动度,促进患者功能恢复,其中乌头汤改善膝关节功能疗效较佳,对临床具有一定的参考价值。

Microstructure and properties of Cu/Al joints brazed with Zn-Al filler metals

The mechanical properties and microstructural distribution of the Cu/A1 brazing joints formed by torch-brazing with different Zn-A1 filler metals were investigated. The microstructure of the Zn-A1 alloys was studied by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the phase constitution of the Cu/A1 joints was analyzed by energy dispersion spectrometry. The results show that the spreading area of the Zn-A1 filler metals on the Cu and A1 substrates increases as the A1 content increases. The mechanical results indicate that the shear strength reaches a peak value of 88 MPa when A1 and Cu are brazed with Zn-15AI filler metal. Microhardness levels from HV122 to HV515 were produced in the three brazing seam regions corresponding to various microstructure features. The Zn- and Al-rich phases exist in the middle brazing seam regions. However, two interface layers, CuZn3 and A12Cu are formed on the Cu side when the A1 content in the filler metals is 2% and more than 15%, respectively. The relationship between intermetallic compounds on Cu side and Zn-xA1 filler metals was investigated.

Selection of optimal U-turn locations for indirect driveway left-turn treatments on urban streets

The location of U-turn bays is an important consideration in indirect driveway left-turn treatments.In order to improve the performance of right-turns followed by U-turns（RTUTs）,this study evaluates the impacts of the separation distances between driveway exits and downstream U-turn locations on the safety and operational performance of vehicles making RTUTs.Crash data are investigated at 179 selected roadway segments,and travel time data are measured using video cameras at 29 locations in the state of Florida,USA.Crash rate models and travel time models are developed based on data collected in the field.It is found that the separation distance between driveway exits and downstream U-turn locations significantly impacts the safety and operational performance of vehicles making right turns followed by U-turns.Based on the research results,the minimum and optimal separation distances between driveways and U-turn locations under different roadway conditions are determined to facilitate driver use of RTUTs.The results of this study can be used for future intersection improvement projects in China.

论古汉语词缀“头”

对于古汉语中的词缀“头”的出现时间,学界历来有不同的看法。大量的语料显示,在东汉文献,尤其是汉译佛经中已经有了严格意义上的词缀“头”。