An efficient and mild method for the direct conversion of alcohols into N-alkylphthalimides using 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and dimethylformamide was described.The reaction was preceded via(alcoxymethylene) dimet...An efficient and mild method for the direct conversion of alcohols into N-alkylphthalimides using 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and dimethylformamide was described.The reaction was preceded via(alcoxymethylene) dimethylammonium chloride intermediate and produced corresponding N-alkylphthalimides in good-to-excellent yields.展开更多
To the editor,Sir,the emerging influenza infection is the present global concern.There are many new emerging influenza infections at present and those infections are usually problematic.Of several new infections,the m...To the editor,Sir,the emerging influenza infection is the present global concern.There are many new emerging influenza infections at present and those infections are usually problematic.Of several new infections,the most recent emerging ones include to H6N1,H5N6 and H10N8 influenza infections.To learn the natural history of those three new emerging infections is very interesting and can give the data for further referencing.Here,the authors展开更多
目的:观察白介素-6(IL-6)对N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸(NMDA)损伤小脑颗粒神经元NMDA受体亚单位1(NR1)和三磷酸肌醇受体1(IP3R1)蛋白表达的影响。方法:取出生后8 d SD大鼠小脑进行小脑颗粒神经元(CGNs)体外培养。在培养液中加入IL-6(40或120 n...目的:观察白介素-6(IL-6)对N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸(NMDA)损伤小脑颗粒神经元NMDA受体亚单位1(NR1)和三磷酸肌醇受体1(IP3R1)蛋白表达的影响。方法:取出生后8 d SD大鼠小脑进行小脑颗粒神经元(CGNs)体外培养。在培养液中加入IL-6(40或120 ng/mL),培养8 d后,用NMDA(100μmol/L)损伤神经元30 min,建立神经元损伤模型。Western Blot法检测NR1和IP3R1蛋白的表达。结果:IL-6下调NR1的蛋白表达,并抑制NMDA诱导的IP3R1的蛋白表达增高。结论:IL-6通过抑制NMDA受体和IP3受体实现神经保护作用。展开更多
Influenza and other respiratory viral infections account for 80%-90% of infectious pathologies. Influenza A (H5N1) virus has an apparent pneumotropism, and therefore the lung compartment of mononuclear phagocyte syste...Influenza and other respiratory viral infections account for 80%-90% of infectious pathologies. Influenza A (H5N1) virus has an apparent pneumotropism, and therefore the lung compartment of mononuclear phagocyte system plays an important role in antiviral immunity. Lung macrophages are active phagocytes expressing variety of antiviral factors. The investigation of morphofunctional status of lung macrophages and evaluation of their role in mammal antiviral response in a mouse model were performed within the study. Methods: Light microscopy using standard hematoxylin-eosin, and Van-Gizon’s picrofuchsin staining. Immunohistochemistry using influenza A antigen marker specific primary antibodies, myeloperoxidase, cathepsin D, lysozyme, NO synthase, pro-inflammatory cytokines, cells of CD68 macrophage lineage, PCNA proliferative activity. Morphometric and statistical analysis. Results: Influenza A virus antigen was detected in lung macrophages starting from day 1 to day 14 of infection which corresponds with the beginning of convalescence and may be suggestive of prolonged persistence of virus. On the one hand, the cytopathic effects of the virus lead to lung macrophages death mainly via apoptosis through activation of caspase cascade, including caspase-3 and caspase-9. On the other hand, the observed activation of PCNA proliferation marker, perhaps, allows to support the pool of lung macrophages not only by their recruitment from bone marrow but also by their proliferation in situ. The increase of mononuclear phagocyte system cells expressing antiviral factors depended on the stage of infection. In the early stage, there was an increase of number of cells expressing lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, cathepsin D, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) followed by the increase of number of macrophages expressing inducible NO synthase (iNOS), pro-inflammatory cytokines and interleukins.展开更多
基金Shahid Chamran University Research Council,Ahvaz,for financial support of this investigation(No.87)
文摘An efficient and mild method for the direct conversion of alcohols into N-alkylphthalimides using 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and dimethylformamide was described.The reaction was preceded via(alcoxymethylene) dimethylammonium chloride intermediate and produced corresponding N-alkylphthalimides in good-to-excellent yields.
文摘To the editor,Sir,the emerging influenza infection is the present global concern.There are many new emerging influenza infections at present and those infections are usually problematic.Of several new infections,the most recent emerging ones include to H6N1,H5N6 and H10N8 influenza infections.To learn the natural history of those three new emerging infections is very interesting and can give the data for further referencing.Here,the authors
文摘Influenza and other respiratory viral infections account for 80%-90% of infectious pathologies. Influenza A (H5N1) virus has an apparent pneumotropism, and therefore the lung compartment of mononuclear phagocyte system plays an important role in antiviral immunity. Lung macrophages are active phagocytes expressing variety of antiviral factors. The investigation of morphofunctional status of lung macrophages and evaluation of their role in mammal antiviral response in a mouse model were performed within the study. Methods: Light microscopy using standard hematoxylin-eosin, and Van-Gizon’s picrofuchsin staining. Immunohistochemistry using influenza A antigen marker specific primary antibodies, myeloperoxidase, cathepsin D, lysozyme, NO synthase, pro-inflammatory cytokines, cells of CD68 macrophage lineage, PCNA proliferative activity. Morphometric and statistical analysis. Results: Influenza A virus antigen was detected in lung macrophages starting from day 1 to day 14 of infection which corresponds with the beginning of convalescence and may be suggestive of prolonged persistence of virus. On the one hand, the cytopathic effects of the virus lead to lung macrophages death mainly via apoptosis through activation of caspase cascade, including caspase-3 and caspase-9. On the other hand, the observed activation of PCNA proliferation marker, perhaps, allows to support the pool of lung macrophages not only by their recruitment from bone marrow but also by their proliferation in situ. The increase of mononuclear phagocyte system cells expressing antiviral factors depended on the stage of infection. In the early stage, there was an increase of number of cells expressing lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, cathepsin D, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) followed by the increase of number of macrophages expressing inducible NO synthase (iNOS), pro-inflammatory cytokines and interleukins.
