"1米"是怎样制定出来的?(初一、初二、初三)

在日常生活中，经常会说：“小明身高××米”，“家和学校相距××米”，“飞机在××米以上的空中飞行”等与长度有关的问题，但是世界公制中的长度单位“1米”是怎样制定出来的?而在长度、面积、体积、重量单位中，最基本的也是长度单位，只要长度单位确定，其它单位可相应确定．19世纪以前，世界各国都有自己的长度单位，而且各个时期的长度单位还在变化，“多变的尺子”给制造精密机器带来了不少麻烦．

Breeding of High-yield and High-quality Hybrid Maize Nuoda 1 with Multiple Resistances

Nuoda 1 is a high-yield and high-quality hybrid maize variety with multiple resistances, which is bred by Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Its female parent is Lx6958 and male parent is H318. In 2013, Nuoda 1 was approved by the Crop Variety Approval Committee of Shandong Province. In the regional trial of maize variety in Shandong Province from 2010 to 2011, the average yield within two years was 8 862.0 kg/hm^2, which enhanced by 4.0% compared with the control Zhengdan 958. In 2012, average yield of production test was 10 119.0 kg/hm^2, which enhanced by 4.4%. Nuoda 1 was introduced in the research from the aspects of characteristics, breeding foundation and breeding process.

Breeding of New Maize Variety ‘Wan-de No.1' with High Quality, High Yield and Multi-resistance

Considering the ecological environment of Sichuan area, an experiment was conducted to breed new maize varieties with high yield, high quality, multi re- sistance and wide adaptability. According to the principle of gene recombination, the authors combined the local tropical germplasm with PB germplasm, which was rich in disease-resistant, lodging-resistant and drought-tolerant genes, and the integration was used as the innovative strategy for breeding. Inbred-line ＇LSC 107＇ was suc- cessfully bred and the new maize hybrid ＇Wande No.l＇ was bred by crossing ＇LSC 107＇ with ＇Yi 99-19＇. The results showed that the maize hybrid had good performance, including high yield, good stability, high quality, excellent disease re- sistance and lodging resistance, and wide adaptation. So it was adaptable for plant- ing in plain and hilly areas of Sichuan Province. With hybrid recombination between local tropical germplasm and PB inbred lines, the inbred-line had high general com- bining ability and strong adaptability, and the hybrid had high yield, high quality and wide adaptability, and had broad prospects of popularization and application.

Catalytic dehydrogenation of formic acid over palladium nanoparticles immobilized on fibrous mesoporous silica KCC-1

Uniform Pd nanoparticles immobilized on N-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine (PDETA)-functionalized fibrous silica KCC-1 (Pd/KCC-1-PDETA) were prepared with a mean Pd particle size of 2.8 nm. After characterization using powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, Pd/KCC-1-PDETA was used as catalyst for additive-free dehydrogenation of formic acid to produce H2. Pd nanoparticle catalysts supported on two other mesoporous silica materials (MSF and KIT-6) were also synthesized to examine how the support affects the reaction. Among the three catalysts, Pd/KCC-1-PDETA exhibited significant catalytic activity (a turnover frequency of 332 h?1 at 323 K and 100% selectivity towards hydrogen), owing to the unique fibrous morphology of KCC-1 and the presence of amine groups that reduced the Pd particle size and improved the access of reactant to the catalytically active Pd sites. The influence of Pd loading (2–10 wt.%), reaction temperature, and reaction time was also examined for the dehydrogenation reaction. Pd/KCC-1-PDETA was recovered easily after the reaction and showed good reusability up to five times without any significant loss in catalytic performance.

Synthesis of Ni^2+cation modified TS-1 molecular sieve nanosheets as effective photocatalysts for alcohol oxidation and pollutant degradation

lmprovement of the charge separation of titanosilicate molecular sieves is critical to their use asphotocatalysts for oxidative organic transformations.In this work,MFI TS-1 molecular sievenanosheets(TS-1 NS)were synthesized by a low-temperature hydrothermal method using a tai-lored diquaternary ammonium surfactant as the structure-directing agent.Introducing Ni^2+cationsat the ion-exchange sites of the TS-1 NS framework significantly enhanced its photoactivity in aero-bic alcohol oxidation.The optimized Ni cation-functionalized TS-1 NS(Ni/TS-1 NS)provide impres-sive photoactivity,with a benzyl alcohol(BA)conversion of 78.9%and benzyl aldehyde(BAD)se-lectivity of 98.8%using O as the only oxidant under full light irradiation;this BAD yield is approx-imately six times greater than that obtained for bulk TS-1,and is maintained for five runs.The ex-cellent photoactivity of Ni/TS-1 NS is attributed to the significantly enlarged surface area of thetwo-dimensional morphology TS-1 NS,extra mesopores,and greatly improved charge separation.Compared with bulk TS-1,Ni/TS-1 NS has a much shorter charge transfer distance.Theas-introduced Ni species could capture the photoelectrons to further improve the charge separa-tion.This work opens the way to a class of highly selective,robust,and low-cost titanosilicate mo-lecular sieve-based photocatalysts with industrial potential for selective oxidative transformationsand pollutant degradation.

Effect of amlodipine combined with telmisartan or compound amiloride on plasma ET-1 concentration and left ventricular diastolic function of essential hypertension patients with left ventricular hypertrophy

Objective： To observe the effect of different combination antihypertensive therapies on plasma endothelin-1 （ET-1） concentration and left ventricular diastolic function of essential hypertension patients with left ventricular hypertrophy （LVH） Methods： A total of 111 patients with essential hypertension were selected, including 60 cases （34 males, 26 females） aged （60.7±5.6） years with simple hypertension, and 51 cases （28 males, 23 females） aged （61.8±7.0） years with essential hypertension complicated with LVH. Essential hypertension patients with LVH were randomly divided into the group of amlodipine （2.5 mg/d） combined with telmisartan （40 mg/d, n=26） and the group of amlodipine （2.5 mg/d） combined with amiloride （half tablet/d, n=25）,and the treatment lasted for 1 year. Echocardiography was performed before and after the treatment. Left ventricular mass index （LVMI）, left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time （IVRT） and other indicators were detected, and plasma ET-1 concentrations were measured for comparative analysis. And 56 patients （31 males, 25 females） aged （59.3±6.7） years with normal blood pressure in the same period in our hospital were selected as the normal control group. Results： The general clinical characteristics were similar between hypertensive LVH group, simple hypertensive group and normal healthy control group. Plasma ET-1 concentrations, LVMI and IVRT of hypertensive LVH group were significantly higher than those of normal control group and simple hypertension group, and the difference was statistically significant. The patients＇ baseline blood pressure, ET-1, LVMI, interventricular septal thickness （IVST）, left ventricular posterior wall thickness （LVPWT）, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVEDd） and other clinical parameters showed no significant difference （P〉0.05） between the group of amlodipine combined with telmisartan and the group of amlodipine combined with amiloride. It was found that compared with that before treatment, blood pressure could be effectively controlled （P〈0.05）, and LVMI, IVST, LVPWT and IVRT （P〈0.05） were all lowered, and ET-1 （P〈0.01） was significantly reduced after 1 year of antihypertensive therapy in both the group of amlodipine combined with telmisartan and the group of amlodipine combined with amiloride. The group of amlodipine combined with telmisartan was better in lowering blood pressure and reducing LVMI, IVST, LVPWT, IVRT and ET-1 than the group of amlodipine combined with amiloride （P〈0.05）. Conelus｜on： Amlodipine-based combination antthypertensive therapy could reverse LVH and improve left ventricular diastolic function partly by lowering blood pressure and ET-1, and the effect of amlodipine combined with telmisartan was superior to that ofamlodipine combined with amiloride

The Expression of Integrin β_3 and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule(ICAM-1) in Decidua and Chorionic Villi during Mifepristone Induced Abortion

The effects of mifepristone with misoprostol on the expression of the integrin β 3 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM 1) in decidua and chorionic villi tissues in early pregnancy in 10 cases were investigated by immuno flow cytometry (the experiment group). At the same time, the other 10 cases induced by mechanical vacuum aspiration were collected as the control. The results showed that, the positive rate of integrin β 3 and ICAM 1 in decidua of the experiment group were 19.1±5.01% and 20.61 ±6.51%; while those in chorionic villi were 21.32±4.38% and 20.29± 6.49%, which were significantly lower than those in the control group. These results suggested that integrin β 3 and ICAM 1 may take part in the maintenance of early pregnancy. The mechanism of mifepristone induced abortion may be mediated by the down regulation of the integrin β 3 and ICAM 1 expression in decidua and chorionic villi.

Antiretroviral Therapy through Barriers： A Prominent Role for Nanotechnology in HIV-1 Eradication from Sanctuaries

Abstract： In HIV-1 management, eradication of the virus from sanctuaries represents a major and challenging goal. The genital tract, gut associated lymphoid tissue, lymph nodes, central nervous system, macrophages and latently infected CD4＋ T lymphocytes are typical sites where H1V-1 compartmentalizes. To circumvent this problem, a consistent number of studies have focused on improving ARVs （antiretroviral drugs） delivery into sanctuary sites and different nanoteehnological approaches have been developed. Cellular HIV-1 sanctuaries （i.e. macrophages） can be reached by nanoformulation of ARVs or by activation of latently infected cells. Anatomical sanctuaries （i.e. brain or male genital tract） can be addressed by increasing the permeation of ARVs across tissue barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier or the blood-testis barrier, while ARVs concentration in lymph nodes can be enhanced by drug encapsulation in CD4-targeted nanoparticles.

High-efficiency Planting Techniques of Five Crops a Year for Fresh Edible "Faba Bean/Spring Mazie+Soybean-Autumn Maize/Autumn Soybean"

The high-efficiency planting mode for five crops a year of fresh edible ＂faba bean/spring maize＋soybean-autumn maize/autumn soybean＂ was introduced, and its yield and economic benefits were compared with the planting mode of three crops a year of ＂faba bean-spring maize/red bean＂. The results showed that the planting method for fresh edible ＂faba bean/spring maize＋soybean-autumn maize/autumn soybean＂ was much easier to operate with the input-output ratio of about185.6%, and its yield and economic benefits were 2.09 and 1.83 times of that of the planting mode for three crops a year, significantly improving the agricultural yield and income of farmers. In addition, the cropping index of the planting mode for fresh edible fresh edible ＂faba bean/spring maize ＋soybean-autumn maize/autumn soybean＂ reached up to 350%, and planting faba bean once a year and soybean twice a year could make the biological fixation amount of nitrogen increase 350-450kg/m^2, which equaled to up to 700 kg/m^2 of urea, showing significant ecological and social benefits. Based on the comparison results, the high-yield culture techniques of the planting mode of fresh edible ＂faba bean/spring maize＋soybean-autumn maize/autumn soybean＂ were summarized.