添加中间层的TC2钛合金/321不锈钢真空扩散焊研究

目的以Cu箔、Ni箔为中间层,使用真空扩散焊工艺实现TC2钛合金与321不锈钢的焊接。方法采用扫描电子显微镜、EDS能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、冲击韧性实验机、显微硬度计等仪器研究了焊接温度、典型中间层材料等工艺参数对TC2钛合金/321不锈钢焊接界面微观结构、界面元素扩散、接头力学性能的影响规律。结果在添加中间层的扩散焊接头中,是否会形成界面区和扩散区以及界面区和扩散区的宽度,受焊接温度的影响,也受中间层和母材成分及性能的影响。在以Ni为中间层的TC2钛合金与321不锈钢真空扩散焊接头中,扩散区会产生AlNi_(3)、NiTi等新物相,当以Cu为中间层时,扩散区中会产生Cu_(0.81)Ni_(0.19)等新物相。在实验条件下,使用铜箔作为中间层的TC2钛合金与321不锈钢真空扩散焊接头的力学性能优于使用镍箔作为中间层的真空扩散焊接头的力学性能。结论在实验条件下,添加中间层的TC2钛合金/321不锈钢真空扩散焊的最佳工艺参数如下:真空度为10^(-4)Pa,焊接温度为820℃,焊接压力为15MPa,焊接时间(即保温时间)为90min,保压时间为240min,以Cu作为中间层。

基于声发射Ib值分析的渗铝321钢损伤特性研究

太阳能热发电换热管主要材料渗铝321钢的损伤会导致换热管的寿命缩短甚至断裂,因此必须进行损伤检测。采用声发射方法对渗铝321钢的损伤特性进行分析,实现对换热管性能的在线动态监测。通过采用声发射Ib值特征来表征渗铝321钢的损伤程度,并运用自组织映射(SOM)神经网络算法进行声发射特征参数聚类,以分析材料的损伤模式。结果表明,力学塑性阶段的声发射事件数量剧增,能量和振铃计数的峰值标志着试件的断裂。此外,在试件失效前,Ib值显著降低且密度变密集,表明Ib值的变化特征可以作为材料临界失效的预警信号。通过SOM算法对特征参数进行聚类分析得到4个簇及其对应的特征频率,并使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察试件的断口形貌,得出4个簇分别对应于孔洞生长与汇合、微裂纹成核、宏观裂纹扩展和纤维状断裂4类损伤模式。这项研究旨在探索金属管材的损伤演化行为,并为管材的损伤分析和健康监测提供依据。

温度和应变幅对亚稳奥氏体不锈钢S321低周疲劳行为的影响

在室温和650℃的环境下对S321、S321H不锈钢进行了0.5%、0.7%、0.9%应变幅下的低周疲劳试验,并在室温下对S321和S321H开展了多个寿命点的疲劳加载历史试验,结合X射线衍射定量分析测算形变诱发马氏体的含量。结果表明:形变诱发马氏体的生成会导致奥氏体钢持续循环硬化,室温下合金在初次硬化后继续二次硬化,而在650℃下没有形变诱发马氏体生成,合金在初次硬化后进入循环稳定阶段。循环过程中,碳含量越低,形变诱发马氏体含量越多,合金的循环硬化程度更高。两种温度下,两种材料的疲劳寿命在低应变幅下都相差不大,应变幅越大,两种材料的疲劳寿命相差越大,因此,可以考虑服役条件为低应变幅时使用S321不锈钢代替S321H不锈钢。

模拟压水堆一回路环境下冷应变对321不锈钢高温电化学行为和应力腐蚀开裂行为的影响

321不锈钢是常用的压水堆结构材料之一,在成型加工和服役期间易因各种因素发生冷应变,使其性能发生改变。本文在模拟压水堆一回路水化学环境中,测量了不同冷应变量321不锈钢的电化学阻抗谱,并用热应变样品作为对比;采用慢应变速率拉伸测试了冷应变试样应力腐蚀开裂性能。使用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)对样品微观特征进行了分析。XRD分析表明,冷应变使基体发生了由奥氏体到马氏体的转变,而高温抑制了这一过程。随着应变程度的增大(至20%),电荷转移电阻增大,膜电阻随马氏体含量的升高而降低。裂纹萌生实验结果表明,马氏体优先发生氧化腐蚀,保护了奥氏体基体,抑制了应力腐蚀裂纹萌生。

稀土钇和铈对321不锈钢中钛类夹杂物的改性作用

通过在321不锈钢熔炼过程中分别添加不同含量的稀土元素钇(Y)和铈(Ce),研究321不锈钢中钛类夹杂物的热力学特征,考察了稀土元素种类及含量对钢中钛类夹杂物成分及形貌的影响。结果表明,未添加稀土元素时,321钢液中典型夹杂物为TiN和以Al_(2)O_(3)为核心的Al_(2)O_(3)-TiN复合夹杂物。向钢液中添加稀土元素,当Y添加量为5.0×10^(-6)(质量分数,下同)时,钢液中的典型夹杂物为Al_(2)O_(3)-Y_(2)O_(3)和部分未被改性的Al-O复合夹杂物,随着Y元素含量增加,Al_(2)O_(3)夹杂物被逐渐改性为含钇氧化物,当Y添加量为4.7×10^(-5)时,钢液中的典型夹杂物为Y_(2)O_(3)-TiN复合夹杂物;当Ce添加量为5.0×10^(-6)时,钢液中的夹杂物主要有Ce-O、Ce-Al-O类夹杂物,Al_(2)O_(3)夹杂物不再单独存在。钢液中TiN夹杂物的数量及尺寸随稀土元素添加量的不同而存在差异。添加稀土元素后,TiN数量减少,尺寸减小,当Ce添加量为1.0×10^(-5)时,TiN的数量及尺寸均与Y添加量为4.7×10^(-5)时接近,表明在添加量相近的情况下,Ce对夹杂物的改性效果优于Y。

“321”健康教育联合微信督导在老年脑卒中患者中的应用

目的探讨“321”健康教育联合微信督导在老年脑卒中患者中的应用效果。方法选取2020年9月至2023年8月本院收治的90例老年脑卒中患者,按照入组顺序分为对照组与观察组各45例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上采用“321”健康教育联合微信督导。比较两组的自我管理能力及生活质量。结果干预3个月后,两组的自我管理能力评分及WHOQOL-BREF评分均升高,且观察组自我管理能力评分及WHOQOL-BREF评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论“321”健康教育与微信督导可提高老年脑卒中患者的自我管理能力,改善其生活质量。

Clinical manifestation,lifestyle,and treatment patterns of chronic erosive gastritis:A multicenter real-world study in China

BACKGROUND Although chronic erosive gastritis(CEG)is common,its clinical characteristics have not been fully elucidated.The lack of consensus regarding its treatment has resulted in varied treatment regimens.AIM To explore the clinical characteristics,treatment patterns,and short-term outcomes in CEG patients in China.METHODS We recruited patients with chronic non-atrophic or mild-to-moderate atrophic gastritis with erosion based on endoscopy and pathology.Patients and treating physicians completed a questionnaire regarding history,endoscopic findings,and treatment plans as well as a follow-up questionnaire to investigate changes in symptoms after 4 wk of treatment.RESULTS Three thousand five hundred sixty-three patients from 42 centers across 24 cities in China were included.Epigastric pain(68.0%),abdominal distension(62.6%),and postprandial fullness(47.5%)were the most common presenting symptoms.Gastritis was classified as chronic non-atrophic in 69.9%of patients.Among those with erosive lesions,72.1%of patients had lesions in the antrum,51.0%had multiple lesions,and 67.3%had superficial flat lesions.In patients with epigastric pain,the combination of a mucosal protective agent(MPA)and proton pump inhibitor was more effective.For those with postprandial fullness,acid regurgitation,early satiety,or nausea,a MPA appeared more promising.CONCLUSION CEG is a multifactorial disease which is common in Asian patients and has non-specific symptoms.Gastroscopy may play a major role in its detection and diagnosis.Treatment should be individualized based on symptom profile.

为家国而作——莫高窟第321窟十一面观音像的图像特征及主题

作为一座盛唐家窟,莫高窟第321窟形象地展示着敦煌阴氏家族的文化观念与礼俗生活。其中十一面观音像颇具原创性,成为此窟一类内涵丰富的视觉语汇。画面融合密教传统与净土母题,传递出窟主对密教观音法门的认知与理解。更为独特的是,在风格样式上继承延续长安七宝台造像的传统,再现武周时期的佛教视觉。图像彰显出深刻的纪念碑性意义,不仅追忆展示着阴氏家族崛起的历史记忆,更突出表达了守护国土的夙愿担当,是其忠孝思想与家国情怀的集中体现,实为盛唐时期家国意识的视觉型塑。

SUS321不锈钢表面Cr/CrN涂层的制备与抗氧化及耐腐蚀研究

采用磁控溅射技术,在SUS321不锈钢表面制备Cr/Cr N涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)及分析天平等分别表征样品高温氧化及酸性盐雾腐蚀实验后的微结构及增重。结果表明,当磁控溅射气体分压比为P_(Ar)/P_(N_(2))=3∶1的涂层样品抗氧化性能及耐腐蚀性能最佳。在此基础上通过循环沉积制备了多层Cr/CrN涂层,6周期涂层样品在600℃氧化200 h后的单位面积增重为3.599 g/m^(2),表面氧化膜致密,没有出现剥落现象;6周期的涂层样品在酸性盐雾环境中能够保持480 h表面无变化,在放置500 h后边缘部位才开始出现轻微锈迹。固定磁控溅射气体分压比为P_(Ar)/P_(N_(2))=3∶1时,制备的6周期Cr/CrN多层膜涂层具有最佳的抗氧化及耐酸性盐雾腐蚀性能。

Venous Doppler flow patterns,venous congestion,heart disease and renal dysfunction:A complex liaison

The World Journal of Cardiology published an article written by Kuwahara et al that we take the pleasure to comment on.We focused our attention on venous congestion.In intensive care settings,it is now widely accepted that venous congestion is an important clinical feature worthy of investigation.Evaluating venous Doppler profile abnormalities at multiple sites could suggest adequate treatment and monitor its efficacy.Renal dysfunction could trigger or worsen fluid overload in heart disease,and cardio-renal syndrome is a well-characterized spectrum of disorders describing the complex interactions between heart and kidney diseases.Fluid overload and venous congestion,including renal venous hypertension,are major determinants of acute and chronic renal dysfunction arising in heart disease.Organ congestion from venous hypertension could be involved in the development of organ injury in several clinical situations,such as critical diseases,congestive heart failure,and chronic kidney disease.Ultrasonography and abnormal Doppler flow patterns diagnose clinically significant systemic venous congestion.Cardiologists and nephrologists might use this valuable,noninvasive,bedside diagnostic tool to establish fluid status and guide clinical choices.

Pedestrian flow through exit:Study focused on evacuation pattern

Experiments are conducted on the evacuation rate of pedestrians through exits with queued evacuation pattern and random evacuation pattern. The experimental results show that the flow rate of pedestrians is larger with the random evacuation pattern than with the queued evacuation pattern. Therefore, the exit width calculated based on the minimum evacuation clear width for every 100 persons, which is on the assumption that the pedestrians pass through the exit in one queue or several queues, is conservative. The number of people crossing the exit simultaneously is greater in the random evacuation experiments than in the queued evacuation experiments, and the time interval between the front row and rear row of people is shortened in large-exit conditions when pedestrians evacuate randomly. The difference between the flow rate with a queued evacuation pattern and the flow rate with a random evacuation pattern is related to the surplus width of the exit, which is greater than the total width of all accommodated people streams. Two dimensionless quantities are defined to explore this relationship. It is found that the difference in flow rate between the two evacuation patterns is stable at a low level when the surplus width of the exit is no more than 45% of the width of a single pedestrian stream. There is a great difference between the flow rate with the queued evacuation pattern and the flow rate with the random evacuation pattern in a scenario with a larger surplus width of the exit. Meanwhile, the pedestrians crowd extraordinarily at the exit in these conditions as well, since the number of pedestrians who want to evacuate through exit simultaneously greatly exceeds the accommodated level. Therefore, the surplus width of exit should be limited especially in the narrow exit condition, and the relationship between the two dimensionless quantities mentioned above could provide the basis to some extent.

A divergent pattern in functional connectivity: a transdiagnostic perspective

Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)is a popular tool used to investigate not only how the brain responds to specific stimuli during sensorimotor or cognitive tasks,but also brain activity at rest.The physics beyond this approach is based on the analysis of the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal.

厚壁SUS321焊接工艺研究

SUS321是含有稳定化元素Ti的奥氏体型不锈钢,在锅炉和石化容器产品中有着广泛应用。厚壁SUS321在应用中较为少见,其埋弧焊焊接工艺的应用及厚壁条件下的试板成形需要经过验证,其各项性能也需得到保证。通过焊接工艺试验,对厚壁SUS321不锈钢试板进行工艺性检验,并对试板进行力学性能、微观组织等检验。最终证明用于厚壁SUS321国产埋弧焊焊丝工艺性良好,各项性能均满足使用要求。

Corrigendum to“Migration pattern of a population of Barn Swallows(Hirundo rustica)breeding in East Asian tropical region”[Avian Res.15(2024)100192]

The authors regret that the caption of Fig.4 should be replaced as below.

Pig Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Does Not Attach to Boar Sperm;It Affects Only the Velocity Pattern and the Mobility Pattern

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sperm viability of semen infected with PRRSV viral particles, observing the effect of the Virus on the motility of boar sperm. The work was carried out at the FMVZ-BUAP Genetics and Reproduction Laboratory. 5 stallions were used. Each sample contained 1 × 106 sperm, the PRRS virus strain was ATCC-VR-2332 (0, 102, 104 and 106 copies of RNA/mL in triplicate), it was observed daily at the CASA;Hamilton Thorne®. Cells with MT (P < 0.05) on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 of evaluation with 201 ± 7.3, 167 ± 10.1, 165 ± 14.6, 134 ± 8.2 and 120 ± 8.8, respectively. The % MP between control and virus concentrations (P ≥ 0.05). The LCV on day 1 and 7 PI at 10X2 and 10X6 (P < 0.05) vs control. In the Correlation Matrix, where it is observed that there is a correlation between VSL and VAP, VSL and VCL, VCL and ALH, VAP with ALH. There is a correlation of VSL and ALH, STR and ALH. In this study there were (P ≤ 0.01) in the VCL, in the concentrations (102) 162.81 ± 10.65 and (106) 177.12 ± 5.77 vs 193.04 ± 4.62 of control. This indicates that altering these parameters would be related to fertility and the PRRS virus affects the LCV. Regarding the VSL, it was observed that the sperm infected with viruses 102, 104 and 106 of 48.00 ± 3.38, 49.88 ± 1.83 and 50.55 ± 2.24 Vs. 56.66 ± 1.68 of control respectively, the control would have greater possibilities of fertilizing the oocyte. In this study, it was found (P ≤ 0.01) in the VAP with 102 of 77.26 ± 5.16, 104 with 83.35 ± 2.41 and 106 with 81.29 ± 3.14 vs the control with 90.56 ± 2.07. Regarding the ALH there is (P < 0.05) a 104 with 8.70 ± .26 and 106 with 9.64 ± 0.23 vs control 8.50 ± 0.27. The presence of different concentrations of PRRSV in boar semen induces changes in different types of sperm motility. Infection of ejaculates with the PRRS virus affects sperm motility on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 post-infections.

A Portfolio Selection Method Based on Pattern Matching with Dual Information of Direction and Distance

Pattern matching method is one of the classic classifications of existing online portfolio selection strategies. This article aims to study the key aspects of this method—measurement of similarity and selection of similarity sets, and proposes a Portfolio Selection Method based on Pattern Matching with Dual Information of Direction and Distance (PMDI). By studying different combination methods of indicators such as Euclidean distance, Chebyshev distance, and correlation coefficient, important information such as direction and distance in stock historical price information is extracted, thereby filtering out the similarity set required for pattern matching based investment portfolio selection algorithms. A large number of experiments conducted on two datasets of real stock markets have shown that PMDI outperforms other algorithms in balancing income and risk. Therefore, it is suitable for the financial environment in the real world.

Pattern of Referral of Obstetric Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Nigeria

Background: Health challenges that are difficult to manage at primary health centres should be referred to secondary health facilities, and if untreated, to the tertiary hospitals. A good referral should include the patient’s biography, such as age, gender, tribe, religion, occupation, medical history, the reason for the referral, treatments received, and clinical diagnosis. Objectives: To evaluate the referral patterns, indications for referrals, and feto-maternal outcomes for obstetric patients who were referred to the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of patients admitted to the Obstetric unit from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022. Data was collected from patients while on admission or clinic visits and recorded in an excel spread sheet. Data was analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results: Of the 3469 patients were admitted to the obstetric unit, 1476 and 1993 were admitted in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Most (70.35%) of the patients were in the 20-34 years age group, parity 1-4 was the most frequent (66.49%), while 85.39% of patients were booked. 10.46% of the booked patients were referred from other facilities, whereas 89.54% of patients were booked at our facility from the onset. Most common indications of referrals were previous caesarean section (CS) at term (40.09%) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (17.59%). The outcome for 2021 indicated 17 maternal deaths, 132 fetal deaths and 1010 live births, giving maternal mortality ratio (MMR) as 1810.44 per 100,000 live births and perinatal mortality ratio (PMR) of 130.7 per 1000 births respectively. In 2022, there were 17 maternal deaths, 130 fetal deaths and 1297 deliveries, giving a MMR of 1399 per 100,000 live births and a PMR of 100.2 per 1000 births. Conclusion: The pattern of referral among obstetric patients in this study shows that a lot of the patients do not get adequate care at the lower cadre of the referral system, hence adequate facilities should be made available in primary and secondary health centres to tackle obstetric emergencies.

Tuning the diffusion constant to optimize the readout of positional information of spatial concentration patterns

Positional information encoded in spatial concentration patterns is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms.However,it is still unclear how such information is affected by the physically dissipative diffusion process.Here we study one-dimensional patterning systems with analytical derivation and numerical simulations.We find that the diffusion constant of the patterning molecules exhibits a nonmonotonic effect on the readout of the positional information from the concentration patterns.Specifically,there exists an optimal diffusion constant that maximizes the positional information.Moreover,we find that the energy dissipation due to the physical diffusion imposes a fundamental upper limit on the positional information.

Temporal and spatial evolution of global major grain trade patterns

The complex and volatile international landscape has significantly impacted global grain supply security. This study uses a complex network analysis model to examine the evolution and trends of the global major grain trade from 1990 to 2020, focusing on network topology, centrality ranking, and community structure. There are three major findings. First, the global major grain trade network has expanded in scale, with a growing emphasis on diversification and balance. During the study period, the United States, Canada, China, and Brazil were the core nodes of the network. Grain-exporting countries were mainly situated in Asia, the Americas, and Europe, and importing countries in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Second, a significant increase in the number of high centrality countries with high export capacity occurred, benefiting from natural advantages such as fertile land and favorable climates. Third, the main global grain trade network is divided into four communities, with the Americas-Europe community being the largest and most widespread. The formation of the community pattern was influenced by geographic proximity, driven by the core exporting countries. Therefore, the world needs to enhance the existing trade model, promote the multi-polarization of the grain trade network, and establish a global vision for the future community. Countries and regions should participate actively in global grain trade security governance and institutional reform, expand trade links with other countries, and optimize import and export policies to reduce trade risks.

Dissolvable temporary barrier:a novel paradigm for flexible hydrogel patterning in organ-on-a-chip models

A combination of hydrogels and microfluidics allows the construction of biomimetic three-dimensional(3D)tissue models in vitro,which are also known as organ-on-a-chipmodels.The hydrogel patterningwith awell-controlled spatial distribution is typically achieved by embedding sophisticated microstructures to act as a boundary.However,these physical barriers inevitably expose cells/tissues to a less physiologically relevant microenvironment than in vivo conditions.Herein,we present a novel dissolvable temporary barrier(DTB)strategy that allows robust and flexible hydrogel patterning with great freedom of design and desirable flow stimuli for cellular hydrogels.The key aspect of this approach is the patterning of a water-soluble rigid barrier as a guiding path for the hydrogel using stencil printing technology,followed by a barrier-free medium perfusion after the dissolution of the DTB.Single and multiple tissue compartments with different geometries can be established using either straight or curved DTB structures.The effectiveness of this strategy is further validated by generating a 3D vascular network through vasculogenesis and angiogenesis using a vascularized microtumor model.As a new proof-of-concept in vasculature-on-a-chip,DTB enables seamless contact between the hydrogel and the culture medium in closed microdevices,which is an improved protocol for the fabrication ofmultiorgan chips.Therefore,we expect it to serve as a promising paradigm for organ-on-a-chip devices for the development of tumor vascularization and drug evaluation in the future preclinical studies.