Economic Benefits of Rubber Plantations in Longjiang Farm in Hainan by the Application of Optimized Fertilization Formula

The influence of formula fertilization optimization on dry rubber yield and economic benefits of the rubber plantation in Hainan Longjiang Farm were studied by using ＂contrast＂ design method of fertilizer field experiments. The results showed that the actual production rate reached 4.61% and the net production rate of dry rubber reached 3.97% by application of optimized fertilization formula. Analysis of variance showed that the average dry rubber yield in optimization of formula fertil- ization area was significantly higher than that of conventional area. The results also indicated that the optimization of formula fertilization had obvious economic benefits, and each rubber tree reduced cost and increased 9.95 yuan on average after the test.

Studies on the Fertilization Effect and Optimal Fertilizing Amount of Brazil Banana Based on "3414" Field Trials

Fertilizer effect model such as ternary quadratic, unary quadratic, straight line and platform model was respectively used to analyze the two-year ＂3414＂ test data collected from banana garden in Fushan Town of Hainan Province. The results showed that the optimal fertilizing amount of ternary quadratic model simulation was0.374 kg/plant of N, 0.289 kg/plant of P2O5 and 0.891 kg/plant of K2 O. According to the yield trend characteristic, the optimal fertilizing amount of unary quadratic model was 0.400kg/plant of N, 0.214 kg/plant of P2O5 and 0.901kg/plant of K2 O. Thus it can be seen that only partial indices of the optimal fertilizing amount of ternary quadratic model simulation were higher than that of unary quadratic model. Considering the results, the optimal fertilizing amount of Brazil banana was 0.374-0.400kg/plant of N, 0.214-0.289 kg/plant of P2O5 and 0.891-0.901 kg/plant of K2 O.

Effects of “3414” Fertilization Effect Test on the Yield and Economic Benefit of Sagittaria sagittifolia

[Objective] To screen the optimal fertilizer formula, and to lay foundation for the research on special fertilizer for Sagittaria sagittifolia production. [Method] Based on the ＂3414＂ fertilization design, the yield of S. sagittifolia in each treatment was determined, and the effects of N, P and K treatments on the yield and eco- nomic benefit of S. sagittifolia were investigated, obtaining the optimal fertilizer appli- cation ratio. [Result] N, P and K had relatively good effects on the yield of S. sagittifolia. Treatment of N2P2K3 showed the optimal fertilizer application ratio, with the yield of 18 397.80 kg/hm2, yield increasing rate of 104.77%, and net income in- crease of 80 317.35 Yuan/hm2. N fertilizer had the greatest impacts on the yield of S. sagittifolia, followed with K fertilizer; while P fertilizer showed the poorest impacts. [Conclusion] To achieve the highest yield of S. sagittifolia, the fertilizer application was as follows： N of 446.70 kg/hm2, P20 of 568.10 kg/hm2, K2O of 534.90 kg/hm2, when the highest yield was 18 612.75 kg/hm2. Fertilizer application for the optimal economic benefit was N of 420.60 kg/hm2, P2O5 of 70.50 kg/hm2, K2O of 492.15 kg/hm2, when the optimal yield was 18 579.00 kg/hm2.

Multiscale Regional Formula Fertilization Considering Environment Information Incompleteness

Conventional formula fertilization tends to calculate regional rate of fertilizer application by means of analyzing spatial distribution of regional cultivated land productivity combined with experiment data. However,as environment information of cultivated land is incomplete due to limitation of traditional cultivated land management technology and data acquisition,uncertainty of rate of fertilizer makes it hard to define the interval of formula fertilization and support the regional fertilization task. With the technique of spatial analysis and multiscale uncertainty theory,conventional fertilization can be optimized. Four steps are involved to calculate regional formula fertilization interval based on conventional formula fertilization:( i) To simulate cultivated land productivity according to EGLSN Model,and make it crop target field;( ii) To determine rate of fertilizer according to target field to define cultivated land productivity fertilizer interval and mid-value;( iii) To define region fertilizer interval length and value of region varying with scales as environment information becomes complete gradually;( iv) To apply block fertilizer combined with conventional formula by soil testing. Multiscale optimizing formula fertilization system has been established by using the Arc Engine as a platform to integrate the methods,which is applied in Xinjiang County,Shanxi Province,in order to optimize the existing fertilization formula in study area. It showed that the optimized formula fertilization had more spatial details of productivity than the original one.And the new method is available to support formula fertilization in any region or the block with uncertain environment information. It is therefore concluded that the proposed method has the potential for popularity,which provides a multiscale,multiple-factor and standardized formula fertilization method.

Establishment and Application of Fertilization Model for Wheat Interplanted with Cotton in Jianghan Plain

3414 field experiment （including three nutrient elements at four gradient levels, a total of 14 unrepeated incomplete treatments） was designed to study the fertilization measures for wheat interplanted with cotton in Qianjiang City, Hubei Province. Fertilizer model for wheat interplanted with cotton in Jianghan Plain was finally established, based on which the soil nutrient indices in wheat-cotton inter- planting field were screened; and optimal nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium appli- cation for wheat was put forward as 130-210 kg/hm2 N, 40-70 kg/hm2 P2O5 and 40-60 kg/hm2 K2O.

Effects of Fertilization on Young Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghua Hongye Growth

Using complete and orthogonal design, fertilization trials were conducted for the young growth of Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghua hongye in the fluviogenic soil in Xindu District, Chengdu City. The results showed that the application ef- fect of the single nutrient elements ranked as K〉N〉P, and that of the fertilization combinations ranked as N＋P＋K〉N＋K〉N＋P, P＋K. The optimum fertilization formula was urea [（NH2）2CO, 150 g/plant] ＋ calcium superphosphate [Ca（H2PO4）2.H20, 220 g/plant] ＋ potassium sulphate （K2SO4, 75 g/plant）.

Preliminary Report on Application Effects of Slow-release Formula Fertilizer in Tea Plants

In order to accelerate the construction of green production mode for tea in Hubei Province, improve the yield of tea and use efficiency of fertilizers, and improve the quality of tea, application effects of special slow-release formula fertilizer in tea plants were investigated in Wuhan. The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization, application of tea plant-specific slow-release formula fertilizer improved the yield of tea by more than 30%. The amino acid content in tea was increased by 21.05% and 30.82%, respectively, and the income was increased 27 696 （33.88%） and 27 624 （33.79%） yuan/hm2, respectively.

基于“3414”试验模型的四川盆地中部水稻氮磷钾肥效应研究

本研究采用“3414”肥料效应田间试验,旨在确定四川盆地中部资中县水稻的最佳施肥量,并构建高产施肥模型。通过设置氮、磷、钾3因素,每个因素4个水平,共14个处理,每个处理重复3次。结果表明:建立的三元二次肥料效应回归方程的相关系数(R^(2))为0.976。纯氮施用量为215.28 kg/hm^(2),五氧化二磷施用量为101.40 kg/hm^(2),氧化钾施用量为104.14 kg/hm^(2),水稻最大产量为7923.56 kg/hm^(2);纯氮最佳施用量为196.83 kg/hm^(2),五氧化二磷施用量为74.81 kg/hm^(2),氧化钾施用量为102.90 kg/hm^(2),水稻最佳产量为7867.96 kg/hm^(2)。建立的肥料效应模型可在四川盆地中部类似水稻产区推广,用于水稻生产上对施肥量的预测。

基于3414试验设计的云南雪茄烟叶生产施肥技术研究

为明确云南省瑞丽雪茄烟区土壤合理施肥方案,采用“3414”肥料试验设计,通过熵权法和回归分析,计算了各处理对应的烟株农艺性状综合得分,探究了N、P、K对雪茄烟株长势和烟叶产量的影响,筛选出最佳施肥方案。结果表明:(1)株高对雪茄烟株农艺性状的得分所占权重最大,处理6(N_(2)P_(2)K_(2))对应的得分最高。(2)在一定范围内增加N、P、K的施用量,对雪茄烟的产量有积极作用,然而随着施肥量的增加产量又有所下降。(3)构建了N、P、K施用量对雪茄烟产量的二元二次和三元二次回归模型,最佳施肥方案为N施用量在118.7~126.9 kg/hm^(2)之间,P_(2)O_(5)施用量在75.7~81.4 kg/hm^(2)之间,K_(2)O施用量在342.1~366.5 kg/hm^(2)之间,目标产量在1816.3~1812.5 kg/hm^(2)之间。

基于“3414”试验的切花芍药氮磷钾推荐施肥量研究

针对切花芍药生长过程中盲目施肥的现状,以二年生芍药‘向天歌’为研究对象,采用“3414”试验施肥方案,结合隶属函数法,研究氮、磷、钾肥不同用量对切花芍药生长的影响,探讨切花芍药生产适宜的肥料用量。结果表明:不同施肥处理对芍药株高、茎粗、蕾径、分株数和切花数影响显著(P<0.05);氮、磷缺素区的综合隶属函数值小于无肥区,缺钾区大于无肥区,对芍药生长的影响为氮>磷>钾;N2P2K1处理的综合隶属函数值最大,为0.61,芍药植株生长最好;对各处理的综合隶属函数值和施肥量进行肥料效应函数拟合分析,一元二次、二元二次肥料效应函数方程拟合相关性均达显著水平,三元二次肥料效应方程为非典型模型,采用频率分析法计算肥料推荐量。综合分析各肥料效应函数方程的推荐用量及相应的综合隶属函数值,本试验切花芍药推荐施肥量为N 212.7 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)46.2 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 49.9 kg/hm^(2),施肥配比为1∶0.21∶0.23,可用于本试验区切花芍药生产的施肥参考。

甘南高寒阴湿区宽幅匀播青稞“3414”肥效试验

为了将宽幅匀播技术与“3414”肥效试验相结合,应用于甘南高寒阴湿区青稞种植与示范推广中,推动该地区青稞种植产业发展。采用“3414”最优回归设计,以青稞甘青9号为指示品种,在宽幅匀播条件下研究了“3414”肥效试验对青稞生长及产量的影响,并建立了青稞产量与氮、磷、钾施量之间的肥效回归方程,以提高肥效,促进甘南高寒阴湿区青稞生产优质高产。结果表明,宽幅匀播条件下,甘青9号最佳产量为6640.32kg/hm^(2)时,施肥量为N36.34kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)55.86kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O7.09kg/hm^(2);最大产量为6834.09kg/hm^(2)时,施肥量为N80.66 kg/hm^(2)P_(2)O_(5)62.31kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O16.58kg/hm。肥效回归方程中施肥量与青稞产量拟合度显著,可应用于大田生产。

贞丰县下等肥力地小麦“3414”肥料效应试验

[目的]探索贞丰县下等肥力地小麦氮、磷、钾肥最佳施肥配比。[方法]通过小麦“3414”肥料效应田间试验,对不同施肥处理的小麦产量进行分析比较,以确定最佳施肥配比。[结果]施用不同配比的氮、磷、钾肥对小麦的农艺性状和产量有不同的影响,当施肥量为N 390 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)750 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 124.5 kg/hm^(2)时,小麦的产量最高,为4 971.0 kg/hm^(2),较未施肥区增产2 131.5 kg/hm^(2)。[结论]在与该试验相同肥力条件的下等肥力地种植小麦,推荐最佳施肥量为:N 390 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)750 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 124.5 kg/hm^(2)。

基于“3414”肥效试验建立BP神经网络寻优的新模型初探

针对上海市崇明滧东地区传统施肥方式不能满足水稻需肥规律的问题,以水稻“3414”肥效试验结果为数据来源,以N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O施用量为优化目标,建立3-7-1拓扑结构BP神经网络模型,通过遗传算法得到最优产量下的最优施肥配比。预测结果表明:当地较优的施肥配比是N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O的施用量分别为24.94、0.87、4.27 kg/亩(1亩=667 m^(2)),预计最高产量为531.5 kg/亩。通过验证试验,在较优的施肥配比条件下,水稻的实际产量为548.7 kg/亩,验证了BP神经网络模型预测结果的准确性。

3414"肥料试验模型拟合的探讨

以UNDP95-98年在河北唐山进行的27个"3414"冬小麦试验为例,研究了三元二次施肥模型与一元施肥模型对"3414"肥料试验结果的拟合情况。结果表明,三元二次施肥模型进行拟合试验成功率仅为56%,而采用一元施肥模型可以对全部试验进行数据处理。在同一试验中,与一元施肥模型相比,采用三元二次施肥模型计算的推荐施肥量偏高;根据一元施肥模型拟合计算分别有15%、44%、67%的点不需要施用N、P、K肥,而采用三元二次施肥模型则无法获得这一信息。因此,在"3414"试验中,一元施肥模型是三元二次施肥模型拟合的一种很好补充和优化手段。

应用“3414”肥料试验模型求解春玉米施肥参数的研究

利用现代肥料二次回归"3414"设计,对春玉米施肥参数进行了研究。结果表明:通过三元二次肥料效应函数获得的最高产量在各类型函数中最低,投入的肥料价值也最低,获得的产投比较高;通过一元二次肥料效应函数获得的最高产量最高,其中K处理一元二次肥料效应方程获得的最高产量和产投比最高。各类型函数所获得的最佳经济产量表现为:一元函数>二元函数>三元函数,但三元二次肥料效应函数所获得的产投比远远高于其他函数,可用于推荐施肥。通过三元二次肥料效应函数获得的春玉米推荐施肥指标为:N162.8kg/hm2,P2O5112.7kg/hm2,K2O149.7kg/hm2,需要投入的肥料成本为1776元/hm2,可获得最佳经济产量13241kg/hm2,产投比高达7.45。

免耕水稻在“3414”试验方案中氮磷钾配施的肥料效应研究

在免耕抛秧种植模式下进行"3414"肥料效应试验,通过建立氮、磷、钾施肥量与产量的回归模型,探索当地水稻的最佳施肥量。结果表明,氮磷钾施用量均为中等水平时,产量和经济效益达到最佳;各类型函数所获得的最佳经济产量表现为一元函数>二元函数>三元函数。结合一元、二元、三元肥料效应函数及实际生产而获得的推荐施肥指标:最高产量施肥量为每公顷施N 197.70 kg,P2O573.05 kg,K2O 180.00 kg;最佳产量施肥量为每公顷施N 194.10 kg,P2O5 65.55 kg,K2O 170.10 kg。

湛江市甘蔗“3414”肥料效应试验

利用肥料二次回归"3414"设计,对湛江市甘蔗施氮、磷、钾肥料参数进行研究。结果表明:全肥区比缺氮区、缺磷区及缺钾区分别增产6.33%、8.62%及2.44%,其中以磷肥的增产率为最高。通过三元二次施肥模型计算,得出N、P2O5和K2O的最佳施用量分别为171.3、432.0、0 kg/hm2,收益是40 367.92元/hm2。通过肥料"3414"试验,能实现主要养分平衡供应,满足甘蔗高产高糖生产需要,达到提高肥料利用率及高产的目的。

青海地区燕麦“3414”施肥效果及推荐施肥量

合理的施肥是提高燕麦(Avena sativa)产量的主要措施之一。以‘青引1号’为试验材料,于2012-2014年采用"3414"施肥方案,研究不同氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)配施对青海地区燕麦种子产量及经济效益的影响,旨在为青海地区燕麦的合理施肥提供依据。结果表明,不同氮、磷、钾配施处理下燕麦的产量和经济效益均高于不施肥处理,以处理N2P3K2的产量最高,达到4 785.2kg·hm-2,较不施肥处理增产1 488.9kg·hm-2,而处理N2P2K0可增收3 324.7CNY·hm-2,其增收效果最为明显;两两互作对燕麦产量的影响表现为NP>NK>PK。燕麦施肥量与产量间的一元二次方程拟合结果均典型,能够较好地反映施肥量同产量的关系,但在氮磷施用量中等水平时,随着钾肥施用量的逐渐增加,燕麦产量开始降低,因此,青海地区燕麦种植可不施用钾肥;通过氮磷的二元二次拟合方程可得出,本研究条件下获得燕麦最高产量的施肥方案为氮118.6kg·hm-2、磷177.0kg·hm-2,产量可达4 867.4kg·hm-2,纯收入为12930.9CNY·hm-2。最佳经济施肥方案为氮102.2kg·hm-2、磷102.0kg·hm-2,产量为4 731.3kg·hm-2,纯收入为13 111.6CNY·hm-2。

药用金荞麦“3414”施肥效应研究

目的:研究重庆渝西紫色土N、P、K不同施用量和不同组合方式对金荞麦根茎产量的影响,探索该类型土壤下的施肥优化方案。方法:采用"3414"施肥设计方案设计实验,在Excel 2003、SPSS 13.0、Matlab 7.0和Word2003下对数据处理,根据双聚原矢车菊苷元含量评定其品质。结果:不同施肥组合,肥料的有效转化率有差异,其中有效转化率最高组合为N3P2K2,为97.09%,最低组合为N0P2K2,为4.32%;除空白组外,N0P2K2组产量最低为186 kg/667 m2,N2水平15 kg/667 m2,另外两种肥料组合在高、中、低三个水平上差异不大;一元、二元、三元函数拟合效果都较为理想,其中R2值排前三的函数是N、K效应函数、N效应函数和N、P、K三效应函数;不施肥组双聚原矢车菊苷元含量最高为8.67%,高N、高K组其含量降低,但所有的含量均高于7.14%。结论:不同施肥组合,对单一肥料的转化率有一定影响;该类土壤N肥施用量是决定其产量的关键肥料,故应偏重于氮肥施用;可以采用N、K效应函数、N效应函数和N、P、K三效应函数任意一种作为指导该类型土壤的施肥依据;施肥后各组药效成分含量虽然有差异,但不降低金荞麦品质。

基于“3414”试验的玉米杂交种桂单162优化施肥方案

【目的】研究玉米杂交种桂单162高产高效栽培最佳氮、磷、钾肥施用量,为提高其增产潜力及在广西的进一步推广提供科学依据。【方法】采用"3414"试验设计方案建立肥料效应函数,求解函数效应,分析不同施肥水平对玉米产量的影响及获得最佳经济产量时的最优施肥量。【结果】各试验因子对玉米产量的作用效应为N>K_2O>P_2O_5。在不同类型肥料效应函数中,利用三元二次函数计算的最高产量为8390.8 kg/ha,肥料成本(2959.5元/ha)相对较低,产投比(5.67)相对较高;最佳经济产量(7145.5 kg/ha)虽相对较低,但肥料成本(2022.9元/ha)在所有函数中最低,产投比(7.07)最高。【结论】采用"3414"试验设计方案进行玉米品种桂单162的优化施肥是可行的,利用三元二次肥料效应函数获得桂单162的最优施肥方案为:N 176.8 kg/ha,P_2O_563.1 kgha,K_2O 96.3 kg/ha,可获得最佳经济产量7145.2 kg/ha,产投比为7.07。