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Trump’s “America First” Security Strategy: Impact on China-US Relations
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作者 Teng Jianqun 《国际问题研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2018年第3期244-259,共16页
关键词 Trump's "america First" SECURITY STRATEGY IMPACT on China-US RELATIONS
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Sociodemographic determinants associated with breastfeeding in term infants with low birth weight in Latin American countries
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作者 Carlos Javier Avendaño-Vásquez Magda Liliana Villamizar-Osorio +2 位作者 Claudia Jazmin Niño-Peñaranda Judith Medellín-Olaya Nadia Carolina Reina-Gamba 《World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics》 2024年第1期141-149,共9页
BACKGROUND A progressive decrease in exclusive breastfeeding(BF)is observed in Latin America and the Caribbean compared with global results.The possibility of being breastfed and continuing BF for>6 months is lower... BACKGROUND A progressive decrease in exclusive breastfeeding(BF)is observed in Latin America and the Caribbean compared with global results.The possibility of being breastfed and continuing BF for>6 months is lower in low birth weight than in healthy-weight infants.AIM To identify factors associated with BF maintenance and promotion,with particular attention to low-and middle-income countries,by studying geographic,socioeconomic,and individual or neonatal health factors.METHODS A scoping review was conducted in 2018 using the conceptual model of social determinants of health published by the Commission on Equity and Health Inequalities in the United States.The extracted data with common characteristics were synthesized and categorized into two main themes:(1)Sociodemographic factors and proximal determinants involved in the initiation and maintenance of BF in low-birth-weight term infants in Latin America;and(2)individual characteristics related to the self-efficacy capacity for BF maintenance and adherence in low-birth-weight term infants.RESULTS This study identified maternal age,educational level,maternal economic capacity,social stratum,exposure to BF substitutes,access to BF information,and quality of health services as mediators for maintaining BF.CONCLUSION Individual self-efficacy factors that enable BF adherence in at-risk populations should be analyzed for better health outcomes. 展开更多
关键词 BREASTFEEDING Low birth weight Latin america SELF-EFFICACY Social determinants of health
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Dissemination of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Latin America and the Caribbean: the Cases of Peru, Chile, and Cuba 被引量:2
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作者 Patricia Palma 《Chinese Medicine and Culture》 2023年第4期330-338,共9页
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) arrived from China to Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1840s due to the massive migration of Chinese people to the region. In a few years, the press noticed the presence of Chin... Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) arrived from China to Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1840s due to the massive migration of Chinese people to the region. In a few years, the press noticed the presence of Chinese herbalists practicing in different cities and countries regardless of the demographic weight of the Chinese community. The fascination with Chinese doctors implicated not only the press but also the literature, a phenomenon particularly observed in Cuba. In the first decades of the 20th century, the reactivation of Chinese immigration to the region fostered an anti-Chinese climate that materialized in more significant migratory restrictions and control of their businesses, such as what happened with Chinese herbalists. These herbalists who practiced inside and outside the Chinese community started to object to criticism and persecution by the conservative press and professional doctors. Despite this, Chinese doctors will continue to maintain their support of a significant number of ill persons. This work seeks to illuminate the historical relevance of TCM in Latin America and the Caribbean, focusing on the cases of Peru, Chile, and Cuba. This last country was far from China culturally and geographically, but as in many other small towns in the region, Chinese medicine presented an alternative to the treatment of illnesses. 展开更多
关键词 Caribbean Chile Chinese migration CUBA History of medicine Latin america Peru Traditional Chinese medicine
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New patterns of the tree beta diversity and its determinants in the largest savanna and wetland biomes of South America
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作者 Karla J.P.Silva-Souza Maíra G.Pivato +2 位作者 Vinícius C.Silva Ricardo F.Haidar Alexandre F.Souza 《Plant Diversity》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第4期369-384,共16页
Clear and data-driven bioregionalizations can provide a framework to test hypotheses and base biodiversity conservation.Here we used occurrence and abundance data in combination with objective analytical methods to pr... Clear and data-driven bioregionalizations can provide a framework to test hypotheses and base biodiversity conservation.Here we used occurrence and abundance data in combination with objective analytical methods to propose two bioregionalization schemes for tree species of the Cerrado and the Pantanal in South America.We also evaluated the contribution of three sets of determinants of the occurrence-and abundance-based subregions.We compiled data on tree species composition from 894 local assemblages based on species occurrences,and from 658 local assemblages based on species abundances.We used an unconstrained community-level modelling approach and clustering techniques to identify and map tree subregions for the occurrence and the abundance data sets,separately.Hierarchical clustering analyses were conducted to investigate floristic affinities between the subregions and to map broader floristic regions.We used multinomial logistic regression models,deviance partitioning,and rank-sum tests to assess the main subregion correlates.We identified 18 occurrence-and four abundance-based subregions in the Cerrado-Pantanal.The hierarchical classifications grouped the occurrence-based subregions into nine floristic zones and abundance-based subregions into two broad floristic zones.Variation in subregions were explained mainly by environmental factors and spatial structure in both occurrence and abundance data sets.The occurrence-and abundance-based subregions are complementary approaches to disentangle macroecological patterns and to plan conservation efforts in the Cerrado and the Pantanal.Our findings based on occurrence data revealed more complex and interdigitated boundaries between subregions of tree species than previously reported.The environment,historical stability,and human effects act in a synergetic way on the distribution of the subregions.Finally,the relevance of contemporary environmental factors to the subregion patterns we found alert us to the profound impact global warming may have on the spatial organization of the Cerrado-Pantanal tree flora. 展开更多
关键词 CERRADO PANTANAL SAVANNA Biogeographical regionalization Biodiversity hotspot South america
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Comparative transcriptomes reveal the disjunction adaptive strategy of Thuja species in East Asia and North America
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作者 Ermei Chang Xue Liu +3 位作者 Jiahui Chen Jingyi Sun Shaowei Yang Jianfeng Liu 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第6期1963-1974,共12页
The genus Thuja is ideal for investigating the genetic basis of the East Asia-North America disjunction.The biogeographical background of the genus is debatable and an adaptive strategy is lacking.Through the analysis... The genus Thuja is ideal for investigating the genetic basis of the East Asia-North America disjunction.The biogeographical background of the genus is debatable and an adaptive strategy is lacking.Through the analysis and mining of comparative transcriptomes,species differentiation and positively selected genes(PSGs)were identified to provide information for understanding the environmental adaptation strategies of the genus Thuja.De novo assembly yielded 44,397-74,252 unigenes of the five Thuja species with contig N50length ranging from 1,559 to 1,724 bp.Annotations revealed a similar distribution of functional categories among them.Based on the phylogenetic trees constructed using the transcriptome data,T.sutchuenensis was divided first,followed by T.plicata and T.occidentalis.The final differentiation of T.koraiensis and T.standishii formed a clade.Enrichment analysis indicated that the PSGs of the North American Thuja species were involved in plant hormone signal transduction and carbon fixation of photosynthetic organisms pathways.The PSGs of East Asian Thuja were related to phenolic,alkaloid,and terpenoid synthesis,important stress-resistant genes and could increase plant resistance to external environmental stresses.This study discovered numerous aroma synthetic-related PSGs including terpene synthase(TPS)genes and lipid phosphate phosphatase 2(LPP2),associated with the synthetic aroma of T.sutchuenensis.Physiological indicators,such as the contents of soluble sugars,total chlorophyll,total phenolics,and total flavonoids were determined,which are consistent with the PSGs enrichment pathways associated with adaptive strategies in the five Thuja species.The results of this study provide an important basis for future studies on conservation genetics. 展开更多
关键词 Thuja species Comparative transcriptomes East Asia-North america disjunction Specific gene Positively selected gene
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Are Polyploid Species Less Vulnerable to Climate Change? A Simulation Study in North American Crataegus
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作者 Somayeh Naghiloo Jana C. Vamosi 《American Journal of Climate Change》 2023年第3期359-375,共17页
Understanding the mechanisms underlying plant responses to climate change is an important step toward developing effective mitigation strategies. Polyploidy is an important evolutionary trait that can influence the ca... Understanding the mechanisms underlying plant responses to climate change is an important step toward developing effective mitigation strategies. Polyploidy is an important evolutionary trait that can influence the capacity of plants to adapt to climate change. The environmental flexibility of polyploids suggests their resiliency to climate change, however, such hypotheses have not yet received empirical evidence. To understand how ploidy level may influence response to climate change, we modeled the current and future distribution of 54 Crataegus species under moderate to severe environments and compared the range change between diploids and polyploids. The majority of studied species are predicted to experience considerable range expansion. We found a negative interaction between ploidy and ecoregions in determining the response to climate change. In extreme environments, polyploids are projected to experience a higher range expansion than diploids with climate change, while the opposite is true for moderate environments. The range expansion of Crataegus species can be attributed to their tolerance for a wide range of environmental conditions. Despite the higher tolerance of polyploids to extreme environments, they do not necessarily outperform diploids in moderate environments, which can be attributed to the varying nature of species interactions along a stress gradient. 展开更多
关键词 Climate Change CRATAEGUS ECOREGION North america Range Change Species Distribution Modeling
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Xi’s America Trip Injects Positive Energy into the International and Regional Landscape
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《China Today》 2023年第12期6-15,共10页
President Xi Jinping’s America trip from November 14 to 17,including his talks with U.S.President Joe Biden and his attendance at the 30th APEC Economic Leaders’Meeting in San Francisco,is widely believed to have ad... President Xi Jinping’s America trip from November 14 to 17,including his talks with U.S.President Joe Biden and his attendance at the 30th APEC Economic Leaders’Meeting in San Francisco,is widely believed to have added stability to China-U.S.relations,brought new impetus to Asia-Pacific cooperation and injected positive energy into the international and regional landscape. 展开更多
关键词 COOPERATION america REGIONAL
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A Review on Clustering Methods for Climatology Analysis and Its Application over South America
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作者 Luana Albertani Pampuch Rogério Galante Negri +1 位作者 Paul C. Loikith Cassiano Antonio Bortolozo 《International Journal of Geosciences》 2023年第9期877-894,共18页
South America’s climatic diversity is a product of its vast geographical expanse, encompassing tropical to subtropical latitudes. The variations in precipitation and temperature across the region stem from the influe... South America’s climatic diversity is a product of its vast geographical expanse, encompassing tropical to subtropical latitudes. The variations in precipitation and temperature across the region stem from the influence of distinct atmospheric systems. While some studies have characterized the prevailing systems over South America, they often lacked the utilization of statistical techniques for homogenization. On the other hand, other research has employed multivariate statistical methods to identify homogeneous regions regarding temperature and precipitation, but their focus has been limited to specific areas, such as the south, southeast, and northeast. Surprisingly, there is a lack of work that compares various multivariate statistical techniques to determine homogeneous regions across the entirety of South America concerning temperature and precipitation. This paper aims to address this gap by comparing three such techniques: Cluster Analysis (K-means and Ward) and Self Organizing Maps, using data from different sources for temperature (ERA5, ERA5-Land, and CRU) and precipitation (ERA5, ERA5-Land, and CPC). Spatial patterns and time series were generated for each region over the period 1981-2010. The results from this analysis of spatially homogeneous regions concerning temperature and precipitation have the potential to significantly benefit climate analysis and forecasts. Moreover, they can offer valuable insights for various climatological studies, guiding decision-making processes in diverse fields that rely on climate information, such as agriculture, disaster management, and water resources planning. 展开更多
关键词 CLIMATOLOGY Clustering Methods Clustering Regionalization Reanalysis Data South america
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欧美新污染物监测进展及启示 被引量:1
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作者 王超 邢冠华 +2 位作者 薛荔栋 吴静 袁懋 《中国环境监测》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第2期1-7,共7页
新污染物监测是新污染物环境和健康风险评估及管控的重要基础。欧美发达国家环保部门在20世纪70年代就开展了新污染物监测工作,并且2000年后形成了相应的监测制度,而我国新污染物监测工作正处于业务化起步阶段。通过深入调研欧美国家水... 新污染物监测是新污染物环境和健康风险评估及管控的重要基础。欧美发达国家环保部门在20世纪70年代就开展了新污染物监测工作,并且2000年后形成了相应的监测制度,而我国新污染物监测工作正处于业务化起步阶段。通过深入调研欧美国家水中新污染物监测为主的发展历程、监测清单、监测要求等内容,总结出3个特点:建立动态更新的新污染物清单监测机制;将规范的新污染物监测方法作为开展监测的重要前提;充分考虑监测可行性和经济成本。结合我国现阶段新污染物监管需求及监测现状,提出我国新污染物监测工作的3点建议:明晰国家、地方新污染物监测的职责分工,建立优先监测新污染物清单动态更新机制;加强新污染物监测能力建设,建立新污染物监测标准体系;循序渐进开展新污染物监测,注重监测的可行性和可持续性。 展开更多
关键词 新污染物 监测清单 分析方法 水体 欧洲 美国
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人类命运共同体:构建更加公正合理国际秩序的中国方案
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作者 谢忠 许可人 《云梦学刊》 2024年第4期95-103,共9页
人类命运共同体是新时代构建更加公正合理国际秩序的中国方案。而“美国优先”则是根源于美国实用主义哲学,以“美国第一”为标准,为实现其霸权服务的美国对外政策。人类命运共同体与“美国优先”在目标、原则、实现路径等方面存在根本... 人类命运共同体是新时代构建更加公正合理国际秩序的中国方案。而“美国优先”则是根源于美国实用主义哲学,以“美国第一”为标准,为实现其霸权服务的美国对外政策。人类命运共同体与“美国优先”在目标、原则、实现路径等方面存在根本区别。人类命运共同体自提出以来,由理念到理论,由愿景到现实,由双边到多边,已成为引领时代潮流和人类前进方向的鲜明旗帜。“美国优先”与世界发展大势背道而驰,破坏现行国际秩序和国际体系,必然不可持续。 展开更多
关键词 人类命运共同体 中国方案 “美国优先” 国际秩序
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数字化背景下美国青年学徒制:实施现状、应对策略及经验启示 被引量:1
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作者 王少勇 唐晓蕾 +1 位作者 罗文青 方晓田 《当代职业教育》 2024年第1期84-93,共10页
美国青年学徒制旨在降低青年失业率和填补企业未满足的劳动力需求,获得社会广泛支持。数字化背景下,美国青年学徒制开发了系列指导原则,形成了以职业为导向、注重公平、学分可转换、强调适应性和建立问责制等特色。同时也面临着数据收... 美国青年学徒制旨在降低青年失业率和填补企业未满足的劳动力需求,获得社会广泛支持。数字化背景下,美国青年学徒制开发了系列指导原则,形成了以职业为导向、注重公平、学分可转换、强调适应性和建立问责制等特色。同时也面临着数据收集标准与范围不明确,各利益相关主体的角色及责任不清晰,数据收集基础设施建设不完善,数据访问和存储有待进一步优化等方面的问题。美国采取了数据收集和使用以学习者为中心、开发青年学徒制数据框架、促进雇主与行业的共同参与、把职业教育与青年学徒项目联系起来、加强青年学徒制的质量评估等应对策略。这对发展中国特色学徒制提供了经验启示:现代学徒制试点学校的课程设置要强调以学生为中心,建立学徒制信息数据平台,明确学校和企业职责,建立纵向贯通的就业和升学渠道,搭建全过程综合评价平台。 展开更多
关键词 美国 青年学徒制 数字化 职业教育 现代学徒制
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项目驱动下的工程教育人才培养模式:欧美高校的实践与启示 被引量:1
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作者 李正良 余辰龙 董凌燕 《高等建筑教育》 2024年第4期25-35,共11页
当前新一轮科技革命和产业变革正在加速演进,在迈向中国式现代化的征程中,我国高等工程教育正肩负重要使命并迫切需要深化改革。项目驱动的人才培养模式作为工程教育改革的重要抓手,其影响力和应用范围正不断扩大。本文通过遴选三所工... 当前新一轮科技革命和产业变革正在加速演进,在迈向中国式现代化的征程中,我国高等工程教育正肩负重要使命并迫切需要深化改革。项目驱动的人才培养模式作为工程教育改革的重要抓手,其影响力和应用范围正不断扩大。本文通过遴选三所工程教育具有传统优势并走在工程教育改革前沿的代表性欧美高校:麻省理工学院、代尔夫特理工大学和欧林工学院,从工程教育改革历程、人才培养理念和课程体系设置三个方面系统分析了三所高校的项目驱动人才培养模式,总结和分析了该模式以学生为中心的理念,在打破学科壁垒、培养工程技能、增强团队协作、体现人文素养等方面的特点,以及对我国工程教育改革的启示。 展开更多
关键词 人才培养模式 工程教育 项目驱动 欧美高校
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技术伦理视域下美国教育人工智能伦理问题审视:现实表征与规避策略 被引量:2
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作者 唐晓玲 郑楚月 《广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 2024年第3期118-129,共12页
教育人工智能是一种新兴技术,在凸显其优越性的同时逐渐显现出诸多技术伦理问题。美国作为教育人工智能技术的先驱国家,其教育人工智能技术伦理问题表征和规避策略更具典型性。美国教育人工智能在使用过程中出现各种偏见、歧视:智能系... 教育人工智能是一种新兴技术,在凸显其优越性的同时逐渐显现出诸多技术伦理问题。美国作为教育人工智能技术的先驱国家,其教育人工智能技术伦理问题表征和规避策略更具典型性。美国教育人工智能在使用过程中出现各种偏见、歧视:智能系统出现错误和技术漏洞时追责困难;海量数据搜集会侵犯学生多种权利;学生长时间使用智能系统可能面临发展障碍,出现“成事”与“成人”的价值冲突。为规避教育人工智能伦理风险,美国制定了教育人工智能相关标准,加强教育人工智能算法监管,出台数据保护指南和法案,并规范智能技术在教育中的应用。我国应借鉴美国教育人工智能伦理问题的治理策略,制定和完善教育人工智能相应政策,建立贯穿全生命周期的全员联动监管机制,研制教育人工智能伦理框架,培养和提升师生的人工智能素养。 展开更多
关键词 美国 教育人工智能 伦理问题 技术伦理
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油气富集域早古生代以来的古地理演化及其对成藏的控制:南美-北非-中东-中亚特提斯域古地理与油气资源
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作者 鲍志东 王光付 +3 位作者 冯志强 郑秀娟 李新坡 孙宇 《古地理学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期1-4,共4页
鉴于中国的油气需求与国内外油气资源禀赋,合理有效利用国外油气资源以缓解国内能源需求压力,顺应能源转型与绿色发展趋势,成为国内各类油公司的时代责任与义务。地质研究是油气勘探开发的基础,因此组织了国外油气地质基础研究专栏。为... 鉴于中国的油气需求与国内外油气资源禀赋,合理有效利用国外油气资源以缓解国内能源需求压力,顺应能源转型与绿色发展趋势,成为国内各类油公司的时代责任与义务。地质研究是油气勘探开发的基础,因此组织了国外油气地质基础研究专栏。为便于读者更好地阅读领悟本期刊发的5篇海外区域研究论文,部分编者撰写了这篇关于5篇海外论文的整体研究背景、各自成果特色及其创新认识相关性的推介。 展开更多
关键词 南美 北非 滨里海 海外古地理与油气 文章推荐
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南美地区油气地质特征及常规油气资源潜力
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作者 刘亚明 马中振 田作基 《科学技术与工程》 北大核心 2024年第6期2307-2322,共16页
在分析南美油气地质特征的基础上,进行南美主要含油气盆地待发现常规油气资源评价,总结待发现油气资源分布规律,探讨其勘探前景。结果表明,受4大板块碰撞影响,南美沉积盆地可分成弧前、弧后、前陆、内克拉通和被动陆缘盆地5种类型。南... 在分析南美油气地质特征的基础上,进行南美主要含油气盆地待发现常规油气资源评价,总结待发现油气资源分布规律,探讨其勘探前景。结果表明,受4大板块碰撞影响,南美沉积盆地可分成弧前、弧后、前陆、内克拉通和被动陆缘盆地5种类型。南美油气成藏条件优越,烃源岩以中新生界海相-陆相泥岩为主,生烃潜力大。储层以白垩系和第三系碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩为主,分布广泛。盖层中新生界区域性泥岩和盐岩为主,封堵能力强。采用以成藏组合为基础评价单元的资源评价方法,将南美65个盆地共划分出152个成藏组合,并进行了资源评价。预测南美65个主要含油气盆地的待发现石油可采资源量为263 716 MMB,待发现凝析油可采资源量为7 405 MMB,待发现天然气可采资源量为559 020 BCF。待发现油气资源在平面上呈“两带”展布、“两中心”富集特征;在纵向上主要富集于白垩系和第三系。被动陆缘盆地和前陆盆地是南美未来油气勘探的两个重点领域,其中深海和前陆冲断带是主要勘探方向,巴西、委内瑞拉是重点关注国家。 展开更多
关键词 油气地质 常规油气 资源评价 勘探潜力 南美洲
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南美锂三角地区锂资源特征及开发环境评价
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作者 朱意萍 姜瀚涛 +5 位作者 徐梦洁 赵宇浩 马灿璇 谭桂丽 隰弯弯 姚春彦 《地质通报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第2期258-269,共12页
南美“锂三角”地区是当前新能源产业革命的热点矿产开发区域,有必要对当地的锂资源分布情况和锂矿投资环境进行梳理与比较,为中资企业在该区开发锂矿提供参考。概述了锂三角地区锂资源成矿地质背景、资源概况及勘查开发现状,认为中新... 南美“锂三角”地区是当前新能源产业革命的热点矿产开发区域,有必要对当地的锂资源分布情况和锂矿投资环境进行梳理与比较,为中资企业在该区开发锂矿提供参考。概述了锂三角地区锂资源成矿地质背景、资源概况及勘查开发现状,认为中新世以来的火山作用提供了丰富的成矿物质来源,上新世构造沉降形成大量封闭汇水盆地,锂矿在安第斯高原沙漠极度干旱气候下在盐湖中蒸发富集。研究区锂资源广泛分布于阿根廷、玻利维亚、智利三国,锂离子浓度高,镁锂比值低,品质优越。结合其所在的锂三角三国具体情况,采用层次分析法和线性加权综合评价法对区内锂矿的开发环境展开评价,建立评价指标体系。在评价过程中,综合分析了资源禀赋、政策法律、社会环境、基建便利度4个一级指标和资源品位、盐湖镁锂比值、资源量、勘探投入、锂矿外资开发政策、财税制度、收益兑回、通货膨胀率、矿业冲突、基建质量、水资源可得性11个二级指标,以定量赋值方式对区内三国的锂矿开发环境差异进行量化分析。经计算,阿根廷锂矿开发环境综合分值为0.8,智利0.36,玻利维亚0.27,认为阿根廷为锂三角地区最佳锂矿投资目标国,且翁布雷穆艾托、考查理-奥拉罗兹等盐湖值得关注投资。研究结论对于中资企业赴锂三角地区开展锂矿开采投资具有现实指导意义。 展开更多
关键词 锂三角 锂资源特征 开发环境 指标评价体系 矿产勘查工程 南美洲
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美国青少年幸福观培育:举措、特征及启示
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作者 任小琴 《现代教育科学》 2024年第2期150-156,共7页
在我国社会主义进入新时代的今天,党和国家越来越关注人民的满足感、幸福感,幸福观教育成为青少年教育中必须重视的环节。美国对青少年的幸福观培育发展较早,有很多值得我们反思与借鉴之处。美国幸福观培育举措良多,既有专门开设的“幸... 在我国社会主义进入新时代的今天,党和国家越来越关注人民的满足感、幸福感,幸福观教育成为青少年教育中必须重视的环节。美国对青少年的幸福观培育发展较早,有很多值得我们反思与借鉴之处。美国幸福观培育举措良多,既有专门开设的“幸福课”,又有潜移默化的情绪引导和人格培养。通过梳理美国幸福观培育的举措,可以看出其幸福观培育呈现出目标淡化性、广泛渗透性、科际整合性、交流对话性、价值选择性、现实实用性等特征,对我国的幸福观教育有着重要的启示。但是由于国情、文化、环境等诸多要素的差异,我们必须在深刻反思之后,以扬弃的态度学习借鉴。 展开更多
关键词 美国 青少年 幸福观培育 积极心理学 公民教育
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基于2016-2018年IGS台网观测的美洲地区的低纬电离层特征分析
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作者 罗伟华 冯睿 耿令森 《中南民族大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS 2024年第1期112-118,共7页
基于2016-2018年IGS台网的地基GPS观测数据,反演电离层总电子含量(Total Electron Content,TEC),分析了美洲地区(300°E)赤道电离异常(Equatorial Ionization Anomaly,EIA)和低纬电离异常(Low-latitude Ionization Anomaly,LIA)随... 基于2016-2018年IGS台网的地基GPS观测数据,反演电离层总电子含量(Total Electron Content,TEC),分析了美洲地区(300°E)赤道电离异常(Equatorial Ionization Anomaly,EIA)和低纬电离异常(Low-latitude Ionization Anomaly,LIA)随时间、月份和太阳活动的变化特征.结果显示:EIA和LIA的强度均在地方时1300-1500 LT附近出现极大;春/秋季的强度比其他季节的要大;EIA和LIA的强度还随着太阳活动的减弱而减小.EIA和LIA的南-北半球不对称在地方时1700-2100 LT出现极大;夏季(5-8月)的不对称性最为明显.另外,EIA的强度较LIA的强度要大,而LIA的南-北半球不对称特征较EIA的南-北半球不对称特征更为显著. 展开更多
关键词 低纬电离层 电离异常 美洲
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试论美国K-12公立学校课程中的种族批判理论之争
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作者 吴路珂 杨捷 《外国教育研究》 北大核心 2024年第8期20-34,共15页
近年来,种族批判理论开始走进美国K-12公立学校课程,成为培育学生社会情感能力、维护教育公平的一种路径。然而,伴随种族矛盾加剧和民粹主义抬头,美国社会围绕种族批判理论在K-12公立学校课程中的存废问题展开激烈争论。反对者指责该理... 近年来,种族批判理论开始走进美国K-12公立学校课程,成为培育学生社会情感能力、维护教育公平的一种路径。然而,伴随种族矛盾加剧和民粹主义抬头,美国社会围绕种族批判理论在K-12公立学校课程中的存废问题展开激烈争论。反对者指责该理论妨害学生的种族身份认知,曲解美国历史,破坏社会共识;支持者则认为该理论能够提升学生多元文化意识,增强种族和历史问题的课堂对话。这场以种族批判理论为核心的课程博弈,反映了当前美国两党在公共教育领域对意识形态主导权的竞争。美国K-12公立学校需要认清既有课程治理措施的缺失,及时清除影响课程设置的认知偏见,进一步拓展具有文化相关性的课程空间。 展开更多
关键词 美国 K-12公立学校 种族批判理论 课程设置 种族主义 政治极化 文化响应
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美国高校图书馆数字人文馆员现状及启示
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作者 赵芳 《图书馆》 2024年第1期53-59,共7页
美国高校图书馆数字人文已形成较为成熟、特色鲜明的服务体系,探寻其数字人文馆员实践可为我国高校图书馆提供借鉴。文章采用文献调查法和网络调查法,以17家美国高校图书馆数字人文馆员概况为研究对象,从数字人文馆员构成、岗位、职能... 美国高校图书馆数字人文已形成较为成熟、特色鲜明的服务体系,探寻其数字人文馆员实践可为我国高校图书馆提供借鉴。文章采用文献调查法和网络调查法,以17家美国高校图书馆数字人文馆员概况为研究对象,从数字人文馆员构成、岗位、职能、教育培训等维度进行内容分析,归纳其特点。对美国高校图书馆数字人文馆员实践的探索,可以为我国高校图书馆数字人文馆员提供以下启示:应重视数字人文馆员队伍建设、构建数字人文服务中心或平台、强化数字人文馆员教育培训等。 展开更多
关键词 美国 高校图书馆 数字人文 数字人文馆员
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