Anti-Byzantine Attacks Enabled Vehicle Selection for Asynchronous Federated Learning in Vehicular Edge Computing

In vehicle edge computing(VEC),asynchronous federated learning(AFL)is used,where the edge receives a local model and updates the global model,effectively reducing the global aggregation latency.Due to different amounts of local data,computing capabilities and locations of the vehicles,renewing the global model with same weight is inappropriate.The above factors will affect the local calculation time and upload time of the local model,and the vehicle may also be affected by Byzantine attacks,leading to the deterioration of the vehicle data.However,based on deep reinforcement learning(DRL),we can consider these factors comprehensively to eliminate vehicles with poor performance as much as possible and exclude vehicles that have suffered Byzantine attacks before AFL.At the same time,when aggregating AFL,we can focus on those vehicles with better performance to improve the accuracy and safety of the system.In this paper,we proposed a vehicle selection scheme based on DRL in VEC.In this scheme,vehicle’s mobility,channel conditions with temporal variations,computational resources with temporal variations,different data amount,transmission channel status of vehicles as well as Byzantine attacks were taken into account.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme effectively improves the safety and accuracy of the global model.

A Joint Activity and Data Detection Scheme for Asynchronous Grant-Free Rateless Multiple Access

This paper considers the frameasynchronous grant-free rateless multiple access(FAGF-RMA)scenario,where users can initiate access at any symbol time,using shared channel resources to transmit data to the base station.Rateless coding is introduced to enhance the reliability of the system.Previous literature has shown that FA-GFRMA can achieve lower access delay than framesynchronous grant-free rateless multiple access(FSGF-RMA),with extreme reliability enabled by rateless coding.To support FA-GF-RMA in more practical scenarios,a joint activity and data detection(JADD)scheme is proposed.Exploiting the feature of sporadic traffic,approximate message passing(AMP)is exploited for transmission signal matrix estimation.Then,to determine the packet start points,a maximum posterior probability(MAP)estimation problem is solved based on the recovered transmitted signals,leveraging the intrinsic power pattern in the codeword.An iterative power-pattern-aided AMP algorithm is devised to enhance the estimation performance of AMP.Simulation results verify that the proposed solution achieves a delay performance that is comparable to the performance limit of FA-GF-RMA.

Interpolated Bumpless Transfer Control for Asynchronously Switched Linear Systems

This paper revisits the problem of bumpless transfer control(BTC) for discrete-time nondeterministic switched linear systems. The general case of asynchronous switching is considered for the first time in the field of BTC for switched systems. A new approach called interpolated bumpless transfer control(IBTC) is proposed, where the bumpless transfer controllers are formulated with the combination of the two adjacent modedependent controller gains, and are interpolated for finite steps once the switching is detected. In contrast with the existing approaches, IBTC does not necessarily run through the full interval of subsystems, as well as possesses the time-varying controller gains(with more flexibility and less conservatism) achieved from a control synthesis allowing for the stability and other performance of the whole switched system. Sufficient conditions ensuring stability and H_(∞) performance of the underlying system by IBTC are developed, and numerical examples verify the theoretical findings.

The occurrence phases and enrichment mechanism of rare earth elements in cobalt-rich crusts from Marcus-Wake Seamounts

To explore the occurrence phases and enrichment mechanism of rare earth elements(REEs)in cobalt-rich crusts,this study analyzes the mineral composition and REE contents of the samples from Marcus-Wake Seamounts by XRD,ICP-OES and ICP-MS.The results show that,(1)the cobalt-rich crusts contain the major crystalline mineral(vernadite),the secondary minerals(quartz,plagioclase and carbonate fluorapatite),and a large amount of amorphous ferric oxyhydroxides(FeOOH).(2)The cobalt-rich crusts contains higher Mn(10.83%to 28.76%)and Fe(6.14%to 18.86%)relative to other elements,and are enriched in REEs,with total REE contents of 1563−3238μg/g and Ce contents of 790−1722μg/g.Rare earth element contents of the old crusts are higher than those of the new crusts.Moreover,the non-phosphatized crusts have positive Ce and negative Y anomalies,and yet the phosphatized crusts have positive Ce and positive Y anomalies,indicating that cobalt-rich crusts is hydrogenetic and REEs mainly come from seawater.(3)Analytical data also show that the occurrence phases of elements in cobalt-rich crusts are closely related to their mineral phases.In the non-phosphatized crusts,REEs are adsorbed by colloidal particles into the crusts(about 67%of REEs in the Fe oxide phase,and about 17%of REEs in the Mn oxide phase).In contrast,in the phosphatized crusts(affected by the phosphatization),REEs may combine with phosphate to form rare earth phosphate minerals,and about 64%of REEs are enriched in the residual phase containing carbonate fluorapatite,but correspondingly the influence of Fe and Mn oxide phases on REEs enrichment is greatly reduced.In addition,the oxidizing environment of seawater,high marine productivity,phosphatization,and slow growth rate can promote the REE enrichment.This study provides a reference for the metallogenesis of cobalt-rich crusts in the Pacific.

Improved model on asynchronous measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with realistic devices

In principle,the asynchronous measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution(AMDI-QKD)can surpass the key rate capacity without phase tracking and phase locking.However,practical imperfections in sources or detections would dramatically depress its performance.Here,we present an improved model on AMDI-QKD to reduce the influence of these imperfections,including intensity fluctuation,the afterpulse effect,and the dead time of detectors.Furthermore,we carry out corresponding numerical simulations.Simulation results show that,by implementing our present work,it can have more than 100 km longer secure transmission distance and one order of magnitude enhancement in the key generation rate after 320 km compared with the standard method.Moreover,our model can still break the Pirandola–Laurenza–Ottaviani–Banchi(PLOB)bound even under realistic experimental conditions.

Asynchronous Learning-Based Output Feedback Sliding Mode Control for Semi-Markov Jump Systems: A Descriptor Approach

This paper presents an asynchronous output-feed-back control strategy of semi-Markovian systems via sliding mode-based learning technique.Compared with most literature results that require exact prior knowledge of system state and mode information,an asynchronous output-feedback sliding sur-face is adopted in the case of incompletely available state and non-synchronization phenomenon.The holonomic dynamics of the sliding mode are characterized by a descriptor system in which the switching surface is regarded as the fast subsystem and the system dynamics are viewed as the slow subsystem.Based upon the co-occurrence of two subsystems,the sufficient stochastic admissibility criterion of the holonomic dynamics is derived by utilizing the characteristics of cumulative distribution functions.Furthermore,a recursive learning controller is formulated to guarantee the reachability of the sliding manifold and realize the chattering reduction of the asynchronous switching and sliding motion.Finally,the proposed theoretical method is substantia-ted through two numerical simulations with the practical contin-uous stirred tank reactor and F-404 aircraft engine model,respectively.

Prediction and driving factors of forest fire occurrence in Jilin Province,China

Forest fires are natural disasters that can occur suddenly and can be very damaging,burning thousands of square kilometers.Prevention is better than suppression and prediction models of forest fire occurrence have developed from the logistic regression model,the geographical weighted logistic regression model,the Lasso regression model,the random forest model,and the support vector machine model based on historical forest fire data from 2000 to 2019 in Jilin Province.The models,along with a distribution map are presented in this paper to provide a theoretical basis for forest fire management in this area.Existing studies show that the prediction accuracies of the two machine learning models are higher than those of the three generalized linear regression models.The accuracies of the random forest model,the support vector machine model,geographical weighted logistic regression model,the Lasso regression model,and logistic model were 88.7%,87.7%,86.0%,85.0%and 84.6%,respectively.Weather is the main factor affecting forest fires,while the impacts of topography factors,human and social-economic factors on fire occurrence were similar.

The occurrence characteristics of oil in shales matrix from organic geochemical screening data and pore structure properties:An experimental study Author links open overlay panel

The occurrence characteristics of shale oil are of great significance to the movability of shale oil.In this study,the occurrence characteristics of oil in the shale matrix at Funing Formation shale in Subei Basin were quantitatively evaluated by organic geochemistry and microscopic pore structure characterization experiments.The Multiple Isothermal Stages Pyrolysis(MIS)experiment results show that the content of total oil,adsorbed oil,and free oil in the shales are 3.15-11.25 mg/g,1.41-4.95 mg/g,and 1.74-6.51 mg/g,respectively.among which the silicon-rich shale has the best oil-bearing.The relative content of free oil shows an increasing trend in pores with pore diameters greater than 3 nm.When the relative content of free oil reaches 100%,the pore size of silicon-rich shale is about 200 nm,while that of calcium-rich shale,clay-rich shale,and siliceous mixed shale is about 10 nm.The occurrence law of adsorbed oil is opposite to that of free oil,which indicates that shale oil will occur in the pores and fractures in a free state in a more extensive pore size range(>200 nm).This study also enables us to further understand the occurrence characteristics of shale oil under the interaction of occurrence state and occurrence space.

Occurrence and Control of Main Pest Groups in Allium tuberosum Fields in Shijiazhuang

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the species and occurrence patterns of main pests in the Chinese chive(Allium tuberosum)fields in Shijiazhuang.[Methods]Our research group conducted a systematic investigation on the types and occurrence of major pests in Chinese chive fields in Shijiazhuang from April 2019 to November 2020 using the Malaise net method.[Results]The main pests harming Chinese chives in the region included Thrips tabaci,Bradysia odoriphaga,Luperomorpha suturalis,Acrolepla alliella,Liriomyza chinensis,and Neotoxoptera formosana.The pest populations in the region mainly experienced two peak periods,from mid June to mid July and from late August to late September.Meanwhile,corresponding green prevention and control measures were proposed based on the occurrence characteristics and biological characteristics of different pests in local chive fields.[Conclusions]Predicting the occurrence of pests in Chinese chive fields can provide basis for farmers to take timely prevention and control measures,reduce the damage of pests in the field to Chinese chives and realize high-quality production of Chinese chive.

Occurrence Regularity and Comprehensive Prevention and Control Techniques of Sunflower Downy Mildew

This paper examines the occurrence regularity and comprehensive prevention and control techniques for sunflower downy mildew.It provides a detailed discussion of the pathogens,symptoms,and associated risks,as well as the transmission pathways,underlying causes,and prevention and control techniques related to sunflower downy mildew.The aim is to offer valuable references and technical guidance for the effective management of this disease.

Review on the Usage of Synchronous and Asynchronous FIFOs in Digital Systems Design

First-Input-First-Output (FIFO) buffers are extensively used in contemporary digital processors and System-on-Chips (SoC). There are synchronous FIFOs and asycnrhonous FIFOs. And different sized FIFOs should be implemented in different ways. FIFOs are used not only for the pipeline design within a processor, for the inter-processor communication networks, for example Network-on-Chips (NoCs), but also for the peripherals and the clock domain crossing at the whole SoC level. In this paper, we review the interface, the circuit implementation, and the various usages of FIFOs in various levels of the digital design. We can find that the usage of FIFOs could greatly facilitate the signal storage, signal decoupling, signal transfer, power domain separation and power domain crossing in digital systems. We hope that more attentions are paid to the usages of synchronous and asynchronous FIFOs and more sophististicated usages are discovered by the digital design communities.

Gold occurrence of Jiaojia gold mine in Shandong province

The microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy （SEM） were used to study the gold occurrence of Jiaojia gold mine, Shandong province. The results show that the gold-bearing minerals are composed of pyrite, chalcopyrite, gangue, sphalerite and galena. 77.12% of gold minerals are the sulphides and 22.88% are the gangues. The gold occurrence is composed of 60.28% fissure gold, 21.63% inclusion gold and 18.09% crystal fractured gold. The morphology of gold mineral is composed of sphere, triangle, rectangle, strip and erose. The Jiaojia gold mineral owns large grain size range from 3-5 μm to 100 μm. 1.5% of gold grains is more than 0.104 mm, 5.26% is 0.074-0.104 mm, 23.31% is 0.043-0.074 mm, 3.76% is 0.043-0.037 mm and 64.29% is less than 0.037 mm. The occurrence of gold mineral is composed of native gold, electrum, native silver, iron-bearing native silver, goldcuprid and acanthite. Electrum is the most important mineral, accounting for 71.56%. The average quality is 641.26‰ for gold and silver mineral.

Occurrence Regularity and Control Research of Apple Early Defoliation Disease in West Sichuan Plateau

[ Objective ] The research aimed to discuss the occurrence regularity of apple early defoliation disease and control effects of fungicides in west Sichuan plateau. [ Method ] Apple early defoliation disease in west Sichuan plateau was systematically investigated during 2009 and 2011, and the control effects of different fungicides during different spraying periods were studied. [ Result] The species of pathogen mainly was Marssonina ma/i （ P. Henn）, accounting for 32.5%, Phyl-losticta Pirina Sa accounted for 29.9%, and Alternaria mali Roberts accounted for 25.7%. The field fluctuation regularity was as follows ： the disease generally be- gan in the mid-May and ended in early and middle October with only one damage peak during the whole year, the fluctuation had positive correlation with rainfall （ R2 =0.891 8 ＊ ＊ ）. Control test showed that 40% flusilazole had the best control effect （86.5%）, which was best to apply after anthesis. [ Conclusion ] The paper provided theoretical basis for the effective control against apple early defoliation disease.

Law of Occurrence and the Damage of Main Diseases and Pests in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort Field

[Objective]The aim was to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of the main diseases and pests. [Method]The systematic investigation was carried out in the process of seedling and field cultivation of Ligusticum chuanxiong. [Result]The main diseases were root rot,Powdery mildew and Spot blight,while the main pests were Epinotia leucantha Meyrick,Prodenia litura Fabr.,Scarabaeoidea,Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval and Delia platura Meigen. [Conclusion]The law of occurrence of main diseases and pests were confirmed.

Research Progress of Occurrence and Comprehensive Control of Oriental Fruit Fly [Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)]

The paper summarizes the research progress of occurrence and comprehensive control of oriental fruit fly in the following aspects ： biological and ecological characteristics, assessment of the risk and suitability, dynamic monitoring and control index, and comprehensive control methods.

Reasearch on Occurrence Rules of Asian Corn Borer Ostrinia furnacalis in the Field of Waxy Corn

[Objective] This program aimed at providing basis for timely and effective control of Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis in waxy corn fields through investigations and researching on occurrence and damage characteristics of Ostrinia furnacalis in the main producing area of waxy corn of Shanxi Province.[Method] Attraction and collection of the adults,fixed-points and random investigations on eggs and larvae were the main methods in this research.[Result] Ostrinia furnacalis appeared in two generations per year in the field of waxy corns,the generations were basically nonoverlapping with significant interval.The peak period of the overwintering generation adults in the field of waxy corn was early to middle of June,peak period of the first generation adults was from early August to late August;peak period of the first generation eggs was from the end of early June to the binning of late June,the peak period of the second generation eggs was from the middle of early August to late August.Egg-laying performances of Ostrinia furnacalis on waxy corns in different growth period suggested that the temptation of waxy corns to egg-laying of Ostrinia furnacalis had gradually increased with the continuation of growth stages before the heading of waxy corns;while after the heading of waxy corns,the temptation of waxy corns to egg-laying of Ostrinia furnacalis had gradually reduced with the continuation of growth stages.The amount of eggs on waxy corns was more than eggs on normal corns with the same growth period and growth conditions.The first generation of Ostrinia furnacalis caused more serious damages than the second generation.The first generation larvae caused more serious damages on waxy corns with early sowing period than with middle sowing period,while the late sowing fields basically uninjured.The early sowing and middle sowing corns were damaged but lightly,due to the slight occurrence of the first generation larvae.The second generation larvae caused more serious damages in late sowing waxy corn field than in middle sowing waxy corn field.As the early sowing waxy corns were harvested before the beginning of damage peak period of the second generation larvae,they were basically uninjured or slightly damaged by the second generation larvae in general years.Because the second generation larvae were in large-scale occurrence,they had caused serious damages to late and later middle sowing waxy corns.Incidence of ear rot disease on the female ears of waxy corns was closely related to the damages of Ostrinia furnacalis on ears,which was higher on the ears infested by Ostrinia furnacalis.[Conclusion] Comprehensive control on the second generation of Ostrinia furnacalis in the mid and late sowing field of waxy corn should be strengthened.

Study on the Occurrence and Epidemic Regularity and Region Division of Rice Blast in Nanchong City

With the aim to improve the level of monitoring and warning as well as the comprehensive control of rice blast disease, and to feasibly reduce the disease threat in Nanchong City, the methods of GPS and GIS, systematical monitoring and field survey, rice blast resistance identification, physiologic races of rice blast monitoring, and meteorological data analysis were performed to study the occurrence and epidemic region division, precise demarcation and occurrence and epidemic regularity of rice blast in Nanchong City. This study first completed the epidemic region division and precise demarcation; first clarified the initial affection（beginning period） locations, occurrence characteristics, epidemic trends and characteristics; explicated the existence of four epidemic peak periods of rice blast in the field, where the damage areas of first peak period played a decisive role during the blast epidemic years; in late May, the cumulative occurrence areas and annual occurrence areas presented higher positive correlation with the correlation coefficient of 0.817;and established a prediction model of occurrence areas per year based on the disease field rate at the end of boot stages and the diseased plant rate at dough stages. The results of investigation on the impact factors investigation of blast disease in Nanchong in recent years suggested that the internal causes were the decrease or loss of blast resistance of the rice cultivars, as well as the increase of physiological races with strong resistance to rice blast and the emergence of new virulent physiologic varieties; the external causes were suitable temperature, too much rainy, and sunlight shortage. Between 2010 and 2015, the short-term forecast accuracy for rice blast in Nanchong was up to 100%, and medium-and long-term forecast accuracy was also up to 98% and 95%, respectively, which increased by 5-15% than that before 1997, thereby making the control effect of rice blast in Nanchong increased by 15-30%.

Occurrence and Control of Tetranychus truncatus and T. urticae on Corns of Yanbian Area

The situation of occurrence and hazards by Tetranychus truncatus and T. urticae on corns in test garden of Agricultural College of Yanbian University were narrated in detail. The characteristics of distribution and damage by T. truncates and T. urticae, morphological characteristics, the rule of currencies and its relation- ship with environment were summarized, and the methods of comprehensive treat- ment were put out, which could effectively control the hazard degree of T. truncates and T. urticae on corns.

基于co-occurrence相似度的聚类集成方法

首先提出了一种基于属性值的co-occurrence相似度概念,通过对其进一步的研究,提出了3个等价性表述;然后对属性值之间的co-occurrence相似度进行引申,给出了数据对象之间co-occurrence相似度的定义,并将其成功应用到聚类集成方法中。利用co-occurrence相似度在计算某个初始聚类结果中数据对象之间的相似度时,充分考虑了其他初始聚类结果和该初始聚类结果之间的相互影响和联系。实验表明,基于co-occurrence相似度的聚类集成(CSCE)方法能有效识别数据之间的细微结构,有助于提高聚类集成的效果。

Morphological Observation of Rhynhophorus ferrugineus Fabricius and Investigation on Its Occurrence and Damage

[Objective] The morphology observation and investigation on occurrence and damage condition of Rhynhophorus ferrugineus were conducted.[Method] The samples of R.ferrugineus at different instars were collected from the nurseries in Nanning City,and morphological observation was carried out under the entity microscope,and their characteristics were described.In Nanning City,with Palm plants as the investigation object,the random sampling investigation was conducted in damage peak period of R.ferrugineus,the total number of investigated plants and the number of damaged plants was recorded.[Result] The size,shape and arrangement of droplet-shaped spots in adult pronotum of different individuals of R.ferrugineus are inconsistent,the morphological characteristics of larvae in different host are the same,while the sizes of insect bodies of the same instar are different.The pests mainly distribute in part of nurseries and the concentrated cultivation places of palm trees in Nanning City,which mainly damage the palm plants such as R.rivularis,W.filifera,P.canariensis,B.nobilis and P.x loureirii,etc.within Nanning City.[Conclusion] The study laid the foundation for the research on the occurrence law and the control technique of R.ferrugineus in Nanning City.