Every morning at 7 o’clock,Rachael Amoah,a young woman from Ghana,prepares for a new day of challenges and innovations at a leading aerospace company in Shanghai’s Pudong New Area.In March last year,she completed he...Every morning at 7 o’clock,Rachael Amoah,a young woman from Ghana,prepares for a new day of challenges and innovations at a leading aerospace company in Shanghai’s Pudong New Area.In March last year,she completed her studies in the School of Aeronautics and Astronautics at Shanghai Jiao Tong University(SJTU),and fulfilled her ambition to work in this megalopolis.展开更多
Drought across Northwest China in late spring has exerted a vital effect on the local climate and agricultural production,and has been alleviated during the past decades.This study explored the influence of the preced...Drought across Northwest China in late spring has exerted a vital effect on the local climate and agricultural production,and has been alleviated during the past decades.This study explored the influence of the preceding Arctic sea ice on the May drought in Northwest China caused by the precipitation deficit.Further analysis indicated that when the Greenland Sea ice concentration is abnormally high during February to April,the dry conditions in Northwest China tend to be alleviated.The increase of sea ice in the Greenland Sea can excite a meridional circulation,which causes sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies in the North Atlantic via the sea-air interaction,manifested as significant warm SST anomalies over the south of Greenland and the subtropical North Atlantic,but negative SST anomalies over the west of the Azores.This abnormal SST pattern maintains to May and triggers a zonal wave train from the North Atlantic through Scandinavia and Central Asia to Northwest China,leading to abnormal cyclones in Northwest China.Consequently,Northwest China experiences a more humid climate than usual.展开更多
At present,the publicity and education activities are being carried out in whole society to gather positive energy to achieve the social goal of building a well-off society.Development and justice are the proper meani...At present,the publicity and education activities are being carried out in whole society to gather positive energy to achieve the social goal of building a well-off society.Development and justice are the proper meaning to realize China dream.Undoubtedly,it has practical and theoretical significance to give a profound explanation and interpretation about the value orientation to realize China dream from the view of development and justice.This is what the article will elaborate.展开更多
As one part of social ideology,Country Dream not only deeply engraves in the people’s heart but also continuously pushes the country forward.American Dream and China Dream are widely adored by its people respectively...As one part of social ideology,Country Dream not only deeply engraves in the people’s heart but also continuously pushes the country forward.American Dream and China Dream are widely adored by its people respectively.This thesis is designated to unearth the differences between American Dream and China Dream.It is hoped that readers will develop a more objective understanding of the two concepts.展开更多
A quantitative model was applied to analyze the energy demand and CO2 emissions in China following the Energy Production and Consumption Revolution Strategy(2016e2030)and long-term economic and social development targ...A quantitative model was applied to analyze the energy demand and CO2 emissions in China following the Energy Production and Consumption Revolution Strategy(2016e2030)and long-term economic and social development target China Dream.Results showed that 1)toward the 2050 China Dream target,total final energy consumption is expected to peak at 3.9 Gtce in 2030 and remain stable until 2050,whereas total primary energy consumption is expected to reach an upper platform by 2040 and around 5.8 Gtce by 2050;2)the proportion of non-fossil fuels is expected to reach approximately 50%and that of natural gas to reach more than 16%by 2050;3)CO2 emissions from energy use are expected to peak at 9.6 Gt by no later than 2030 and then gradually decline to 6.7 Gt by 2050.展开更多
Maxine Kingston is one of the greatest Chinese American writers since 1970 s, whose works are well popular in literary market and academic circle. Published in 1980, China Men, has won many prizes for Maxine Kingston,...Maxine Kingston is one of the greatest Chinese American writers since 1970 s, whose works are well popular in literary market and academic circle. Published in 1980, China Men, has won many prizes for Maxine Kingston, including the National Book Award, and the National Book Critics Circle Award, and also been nominated for the Pulitzer Prize. This book is a"narrative genealogy"(Lee, 2003) of Chinese immigrants in the United Stated, depicting their real living experience from the Opium War to the end of Vietnam War. With the representation of the Oriental's life to incarnate their pursuit of American Dream, China Men is closely connected with Orientalism put forward by Edward Said. Therefore, from the perspective of Said's Orientalism, this paper tries to subvert the orientalism in American dream of the Chinese immigrants in the China Men.展开更多
Tough guys are a series of literary characters in Hemingway’s works. The China Dream is a dream that calls on all Chinese people to be hard - working and aims at full development of the self and the nation. To realiz...Tough guys are a series of literary characters in Hemingway’s works. The China Dream is a dream that calls on all Chinese people to be hard - working and aims at full development of the self and the nation. To realize the China Dream,hard work,development and environment protection are essential factors. Hemingway’s tough guys are famous for their dedication to work and strong willpower in overcoming difficulties and hardships. Some of their reflections are also pertaining to environmental issues. All of these are good references in realizing the China Dream. Thus,to re-read Hemingway’s stories about tough guys nowadays is important for Chinese reading public.展开更多
This paper discusses the historical changes of China’s dream with an analysis of the methodological China that has provided China both flexibility in its imitations of the Western modernization and the potential abil...This paper discusses the historical changes of China’s dream with an analysis of the methodological China that has provided China both flexibility in its imitations of the Western modernization and the potential ability to participate in the innovations of new rules of the global game.The author believes that the methodological China is a better concept to understand China as it always goes.展开更多
Along With promotion of comprehensive national strength, Chinese dream, as a new term,begins to more and more popular. It is introduced, explained and spread by officials, scholars and medias. Would it be another drea...Along With promotion of comprehensive national strength, Chinese dream, as a new term,begins to more and more popular. It is introduced, explained and spread by officials, scholars and medias. Would it be another dream for the world beside the American one?展开更多
Editor’s note: Bill Brown is a common household name to most of Xiamen people, who affectionately call him “Lao Pan.” In 1988, Bill and his family came to Xiamen, where he has taught MBA courses for the past three ...Editor’s note: Bill Brown is a common household name to most of Xiamen people, who affectionately call him “Lao Pan.” In 1988, Bill and his family came to Xiamen, where he has taught MBA courses for the past three decades. In 1992, he became Fujian Province’s first foreigner to receive permanent residence, and in 1993, was given China’s Friendship Award. In February 2019, after the publication of his new book Off the Wall – How We Fell for China, Bill received a kind reply from China’s President Xi Jinping in response to a letter he had sent to the president. After Bill’s trip around China in last August, we invited him to share his feelings and most impressive experiences about this trip.展开更多
The rhetoric of“containing China”has frequently appeared in American andBritish press in recent months.The opinion-makers,scholars and politicians inter-ested in containing China base their arguments on narrow-minde...The rhetoric of“containing China”has frequently appeared in American andBritish press in recent months.The opinion-makers,scholars and politicians inter-ested in containing China base their arguments on narrow-minded and out-datedideological bias and Cold War mentality.The following analysis on the rhetoric of“containing China”indicates that such strategic idea and policy orientation are notonly ill-perceived and illogical,but also unfeasible.展开更多
During the 1966-1976 Cultural Revolution, the importance of collectivism completely overwhelmed the importance of individualism. This is one of the typical features of the totalitarian society, and it could be called ...During the 1966-1976 Cultural Revolution, the importance of collectivism completely overwhelmed the importance of individualism. This is one of the typical features of the totalitarian society, and it could be called "Political Quietism". Flowers (Fan Hua) is one of the novels in contemporary China which try to explore and response such problems during the totalitarian society (MAO's era) and after the totalitarian society (post-totalitarian or after MAO's era).展开更多
The Chinese Dream, adopted by General Secretary Xi Jinping, was used and spread in China. It is about Chinese prosperity, collective effort, socialism and national glory. It is also about the welfare, wellbeing, and q...The Chinese Dream, adopted by General Secretary Xi Jinping, was used and spread in China. It is about Chinese prosperity, collective effort, socialism and national glory. It is also about the welfare, wellbeing, and quality of life of every Chinese. Academics in higher education in China are facing changes both across the globe and in China, they must take the challenges. This paper does research on wellbeing of the academics from the aspects of the definition of wellbeing, the situation both in the world and in China, the Chinese concept of happiness, the possible influence of Confucius moral standards on wellbeing of Chinese. This paper may help school leaders implement policies that foster effective work environment in the new era in China.展开更多
The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of the sampling strategy of landslide and non-landslide on the performance of landslide susceptibility assessment(LSA).The study area is the Feiyun catchment in Wenz...The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of the sampling strategy of landslide and non-landslide on the performance of landslide susceptibility assessment(LSA).The study area is the Feiyun catchment in Wenzhou City,Southeast China.Two types of landslides samples,combined with seven non-landslide sampling strategies,resulted in a total of 14 scenarios.The corresponding landslide susceptibility map(LSM)for each scenario was generated using the random forest model.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and statistical indicators were calculated and used to assess the impact of the dataset sampling strategy.The results showed that higher accuracies were achieved when using the landslide core as positive samples,combined with non-landslide sampling from the very low zone or buffer zone.The results reveal the influence of landslide and non-landslide sampling strategies on the accuracy of LSA,which provides a reference for subsequent researchers aiming to obtain a more reasonable LSM.展开更多
Since 2015,stroke has become the leading cause of death and disability in China,posing a significant threat to the health of its citizens as a major chronic non-communicable disease.According to the China Stroke High-...Since 2015,stroke has become the leading cause of death and disability in China,posing a significant threat to the health of its citizens as a major chronic non-communicable disease.According to the China Stroke High-risk Population Screening and Intervention Program,an estimated 17.8 million[95%confidence interval(CI)17.6–18.0million]adults in China had experienced a stroke in 2020,with 3.4 million(95%CI 3.3–3.5 million)experiencing their first-ever stroke and another 2.3 million(95%CI 2.2–2.4 million)dying as a result.Additionally,approximately 12.5%(95%CI 12.4%–12.5%)of stroke survivors were left disabled,as defined by a modified Rankin Scale score greater than 1,equating to 2.2 million(95%CI 2.1–2.2 million)stroke-related disabilities in 2020.As the population ages and the prevalence of risk factors like diabetes,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia continues to rise and remains poorly controlled,the burden of stroke in China is also increasing.A large national epidemiological survey initiated by the China Hypertension League in 2017 showed that the prevalence of hypertension was 24.7%;the awareness,treatment,and control rates in hypertensive patients were:60.1%,42.5%,and 25.4%,respectively.A nationally representative sample of the Chinese mainland population showed that the weighted prevalence of total diabetes diagnosed by the American Diabetes Association criteria was 12.8%,suggesting there are 120 million adults with diabetes in China,and the awareness,treatment,and control rates in diabetic patients were:43.3%,49.0%,and 49.4%,respectively.The“Sixth National Health Service Statistical Survey Report in 2018”showed that the proportion of the obese population in China was 37.4%,an increase of 7.2 points from 2013.Data from 1599 hospitals in the Hospital Quality Monitoring System and Bigdata Observatory Platform for Stroke of China(BOSC)showed that a total of 3,418,432 stroke cases[mean age±standard error(SE)was(65.700±0.006)years,and 59.1%were male]were admitted during 2020.Of those,over 80.0%(81.9%)were ischemic stroke(IS),14.9%were intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)strokes,and 3.1%were subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)strokes.The mean±SE of hospitalization expenditures was Chinese Yuan(CNY)(16,975.6±16.3),ranging from(13,310.1±12.8)in IS to(81,369.8±260.7)in SAH,and out-of-pocket expenses were(5788.9±8.6),ranging from(4449.0±6.6)in IS to(30,778.2±156.8)in SAH.It was estimated that the medical cost of hospitalization for stroke in 2020 was CNY 58.0 billion,of which the patient pays approximately CNY 19.8 billion.In-hospital death/discharge against medical advice rate was 9.2%(95%CI 9.2%–9.2%),ranging from 6.4%(95%CI 6.4%–6.5%)for IS to 21.8%(95%CI 21.8%–21.9%)for ICH.From 2019 to 2020,the information about 188,648 patients with acute IS receiving intravenous thrombolytic therapy(IVT),49,845 patients receiving mechanical thrombectomy(MT),and 14,087 patients receiving bridging(IVT+MT)were collected through BOSC.The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage during treatment was 3.2%(95%CI 3.2%–3.3%),7.7%(95%CI 7.5%–8.0%),and 12.9%(95%CI 12.3%–13.4%),respectively.And in-hospital death/discharge against medical advice rate was 8.9%(95%CI 8.8%–9.0%),16.5%(95%CI 16.2%–16.9%),and 16.8%(95%CI 16.2%–17.4%),respectively.A prospective nationwide hospital-based study was conducted at 231 stroke base hospitals(Level III)from 31 provinces in China through BOSC from January 2019to December 2020 and 136,282 stroke patients were included and finished 12-month follow-up.Of those,over 86.9%were IS,10.8%were ICH strokes,and 2.3%were SAH strokes.The disability rate[%(95%CI)]in survivors of stroke at 3-month and 12-month was 14.8%(95%CI 14.6%–15.0%)and 14.0%(95%CI 13.8%–14.2%),respectively.The mortality rate[%(95%CI)]of stroke at 3-month and 12-month was 4.2%(95%CI 4.1%–4.3%)and 8.5%(95%CI 8.4%–8.6%),respectively.The recurrence rate[%(95%CI)]of stroke at 3-month and 12-month was 3.6%(95%CI 3.5%–3.7%)and 5.6%(95%CI 5.4%–5.7%),respectively.The Healthy China 2030 Stroke Action Plan was launched as part of this review,and the above data provide valuable guidelines for future stroke prevention and treatment efforts in China.展开更多
Background:The National Cancer Center(NCC)of China regularly reports the nationwide statistics on cancer incidence and mortality in China.The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)calculates and publishes t...Background:The National Cancer Center(NCC)of China regularly reports the nationwide statistics on cancer incidence and mortality in China.The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)calculates and publishes the cancer burden of countries around the world every two years.To ensure consistency between the actual surveillance data in China and the data published by IARC,NCC has received approval from the National Health Commission and IARC to simultaneously release the cancer burden data for China in GLOBOCAN 2022.Methods:There were a total of 700 registries reporting high-quality data on cancer incidence and mortality across China in 2018,of which 106 registries with continuous monitoring from 2010 to 2018 were used to establish an age-period-cohort model to simulate the trend of cancer incidence and mortality and to estimate the incidence and mortality in China in 2022.In addition,we analyzed the temporal trends of age-standardized cancer incidence and mortality from 2000 to 2018 using data from 22 continuous cancer registries.Results:It was estimated about 4,824,700 new cancer cases and 2,574,200 new cancer deaths occurred in China in 2022.Cancers of the lung,colon-rectum,thyroid,liver and stomach were the top five cancer types,accounting for 57.42%of new cancer cases.Cancers of the lung,liver,stomach,colon-rectum and esophagus were the five leading causes of cancer deaths,accounting for 67.50%of total cancer deaths.The crude rate and age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)were 341.75 per 100,000 and 201.61 per 100,000,respectively.The crude mortality rate was 182.34 per 100,000 and the age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)was 96.47 per 100,000.The ASIR of all cancers combined increased by approximately 1.4%per year during 2000–2018,while the ASMR decreased by approximately 1.3%per year.We observed decreasing trends in ASIR and ASMR for cancers of the esophagus,stomach,and liver,whereas the ASIR increased significantly for cancers of the thyroid,prostate,and cervix.Conclusions:Cancer remains a major public health concern in China,with a cancer profile that reflects the coexistence of developed and developing regions.Sustained implementation of prevention and control measures has resulted in significant reductions in the incidence and mortality rates of certain historically high incidence cancers,such as esophageal,stomach and liver cancers.Adherence to the guidelines of the Healthy China Action Plan and the Cancer Prevention and Control Action Plan,along with continued efforts in comprehensive risk factor control,cancer screening,early diagnosis and treatment,and standardization of diagnostic and therapeutic protocols,are key strategies to effectively mitigate the increasing cancer burden by 2030.展开更多
文摘Every morning at 7 o’clock,Rachael Amoah,a young woman from Ghana,prepares for a new day of challenges and innovations at a leading aerospace company in Shanghai’s Pudong New Area.In March last year,she completed her studies in the School of Aeronautics and Astronautics at Shanghai Jiao Tong University(SJTU),and fulfilled her ambition to work in this megalopolis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China [grant numbers 41991281 and 42005028]。
文摘Drought across Northwest China in late spring has exerted a vital effect on the local climate and agricultural production,and has been alleviated during the past decades.This study explored the influence of the preceding Arctic sea ice on the May drought in Northwest China caused by the precipitation deficit.Further analysis indicated that when the Greenland Sea ice concentration is abnormally high during February to April,the dry conditions in Northwest China tend to be alleviated.The increase of sea ice in the Greenland Sea can excite a meridional circulation,which causes sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies in the North Atlantic via the sea-air interaction,manifested as significant warm SST anomalies over the south of Greenland and the subtropical North Atlantic,but negative SST anomalies over the west of the Azores.This abnormal SST pattern maintains to May and triggers a zonal wave train from the North Atlantic through Scandinavia and Central Asia to Northwest China,leading to abnormal cyclones in Northwest China.Consequently,Northwest China experiences a more humid climate than usual.
文摘At present,the publicity and education activities are being carried out in whole society to gather positive energy to achieve the social goal of building a well-off society.Development and justice are the proper meaning to realize China dream.Undoubtedly,it has practical and theoretical significance to give a profound explanation and interpretation about the value orientation to realize China dream from the view of development and justice.This is what the article will elaborate.
文摘As one part of social ideology,Country Dream not only deeply engraves in the people’s heart but also continuously pushes the country forward.American Dream and China Dream are widely adored by its people respectively.This thesis is designated to unearth the differences between American Dream and China Dream.It is hoped that readers will develop a more objective understanding of the two concepts.
基金We thank National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFA0602601),National Natural Science Foundation of China(71573062),China Energy Modeling Forum(CEMF),for support of the study.
文摘A quantitative model was applied to analyze the energy demand and CO2 emissions in China following the Energy Production and Consumption Revolution Strategy(2016e2030)and long-term economic and social development target China Dream.Results showed that 1)toward the 2050 China Dream target,total final energy consumption is expected to peak at 3.9 Gtce in 2030 and remain stable until 2050,whereas total primary energy consumption is expected to reach an upper platform by 2040 and around 5.8 Gtce by 2050;2)the proportion of non-fossil fuels is expected to reach approximately 50%and that of natural gas to reach more than 16%by 2050;3)CO2 emissions from energy use are expected to peak at 9.6 Gt by no later than 2030 and then gradually decline to 6.7 Gt by 2050.
文摘Maxine Kingston is one of the greatest Chinese American writers since 1970 s, whose works are well popular in literary market and academic circle. Published in 1980, China Men, has won many prizes for Maxine Kingston, including the National Book Award, and the National Book Critics Circle Award, and also been nominated for the Pulitzer Prize. This book is a"narrative genealogy"(Lee, 2003) of Chinese immigrants in the United Stated, depicting their real living experience from the Opium War to the end of Vietnam War. With the representation of the Oriental's life to incarnate their pursuit of American Dream, China Men is closely connected with Orientalism put forward by Edward Said. Therefore, from the perspective of Said's Orientalism, this paper tries to subvert the orientalism in American dream of the Chinese immigrants in the China Men.
文摘Tough guys are a series of literary characters in Hemingway’s works. The China Dream is a dream that calls on all Chinese people to be hard - working and aims at full development of the self and the nation. To realize the China Dream,hard work,development and environment protection are essential factors. Hemingway’s tough guys are famous for their dedication to work and strong willpower in overcoming difficulties and hardships. Some of their reflections are also pertaining to environmental issues. All of these are good references in realizing the China Dream. Thus,to re-read Hemingway’s stories about tough guys nowadays is important for Chinese reading public.
文摘This paper discusses the historical changes of China’s dream with an analysis of the methodological China that has provided China both flexibility in its imitations of the Western modernization and the potential ability to participate in the innovations of new rules of the global game.The author believes that the methodological China is a better concept to understand China as it always goes.
文摘Along With promotion of comprehensive national strength, Chinese dream, as a new term,begins to more and more popular. It is introduced, explained and spread by officials, scholars and medias. Would it be another dream for the world beside the American one?
文摘Editor’s note: Bill Brown is a common household name to most of Xiamen people, who affectionately call him “Lao Pan.” In 1988, Bill and his family came to Xiamen, where he has taught MBA courses for the past three decades. In 1992, he became Fujian Province’s first foreigner to receive permanent residence, and in 1993, was given China’s Friendship Award. In February 2019, after the publication of his new book Off the Wall – How We Fell for China, Bill received a kind reply from China’s President Xi Jinping in response to a letter he had sent to the president. After Bill’s trip around China in last August, we invited him to share his feelings and most impressive experiences about this trip.
文摘The rhetoric of“containing China”has frequently appeared in American andBritish press in recent months.The opinion-makers,scholars and politicians inter-ested in containing China base their arguments on narrow-minded and out-datedideological bias and Cold War mentality.The following analysis on the rhetoric of“containing China”indicates that such strategic idea and policy orientation are notonly ill-perceived and illogical,but also unfeasible.
基金Acknowledgements: This paper was sponsored by China National Social Science Foundation "Research on the Fundamental Problems of the Contemporary Aesthetics and Criticism Patterns" (15ZDB023).
文摘During the 1966-1976 Cultural Revolution, the importance of collectivism completely overwhelmed the importance of individualism. This is one of the typical features of the totalitarian society, and it could be called "Political Quietism". Flowers (Fan Hua) is one of the novels in contemporary China which try to explore and response such problems during the totalitarian society (MAO's era) and after the totalitarian society (post-totalitarian or after MAO's era).
文摘The Chinese Dream, adopted by General Secretary Xi Jinping, was used and spread in China. It is about Chinese prosperity, collective effort, socialism and national glory. It is also about the welfare, wellbeing, and quality of life of every Chinese. Academics in higher education in China are facing changes both across the globe and in China, they must take the challenges. This paper does research on wellbeing of the academics from the aspects of the definition of wellbeing, the situation both in the world and in China, the Chinese concept of happiness, the possible influence of Confucius moral standards on wellbeing of Chinese. This paper may help school leaders implement policies that foster effective work environment in the new era in China.
文摘The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of the sampling strategy of landslide and non-landslide on the performance of landslide susceptibility assessment(LSA).The study area is the Feiyun catchment in Wenzhou City,Southeast China.Two types of landslides samples,combined with seven non-landslide sampling strategies,resulted in a total of 14 scenarios.The corresponding landslide susceptibility map(LSM)for each scenario was generated using the random forest model.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and statistical indicators were calculated and used to assess the impact of the dataset sampling strategy.The results showed that higher accuracies were achieved when using the landslide core as positive samples,combined with non-landslide sampling from the very low zone or buffer zone.The results reveal the influence of landslide and non-landslide sampling strategies on the accuracy of LSA,which provides a reference for subsequent researchers aiming to obtain a more reasonable LSM.
基金supported by the National Major Public Health Service Projects(Z135080000022)。
文摘Since 2015,stroke has become the leading cause of death and disability in China,posing a significant threat to the health of its citizens as a major chronic non-communicable disease.According to the China Stroke High-risk Population Screening and Intervention Program,an estimated 17.8 million[95%confidence interval(CI)17.6–18.0million]adults in China had experienced a stroke in 2020,with 3.4 million(95%CI 3.3–3.5 million)experiencing their first-ever stroke and another 2.3 million(95%CI 2.2–2.4 million)dying as a result.Additionally,approximately 12.5%(95%CI 12.4%–12.5%)of stroke survivors were left disabled,as defined by a modified Rankin Scale score greater than 1,equating to 2.2 million(95%CI 2.1–2.2 million)stroke-related disabilities in 2020.As the population ages and the prevalence of risk factors like diabetes,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia continues to rise and remains poorly controlled,the burden of stroke in China is also increasing.A large national epidemiological survey initiated by the China Hypertension League in 2017 showed that the prevalence of hypertension was 24.7%;the awareness,treatment,and control rates in hypertensive patients were:60.1%,42.5%,and 25.4%,respectively.A nationally representative sample of the Chinese mainland population showed that the weighted prevalence of total diabetes diagnosed by the American Diabetes Association criteria was 12.8%,suggesting there are 120 million adults with diabetes in China,and the awareness,treatment,and control rates in diabetic patients were:43.3%,49.0%,and 49.4%,respectively.The“Sixth National Health Service Statistical Survey Report in 2018”showed that the proportion of the obese population in China was 37.4%,an increase of 7.2 points from 2013.Data from 1599 hospitals in the Hospital Quality Monitoring System and Bigdata Observatory Platform for Stroke of China(BOSC)showed that a total of 3,418,432 stroke cases[mean age±standard error(SE)was(65.700±0.006)years,and 59.1%were male]were admitted during 2020.Of those,over 80.0%(81.9%)were ischemic stroke(IS),14.9%were intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)strokes,and 3.1%were subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)strokes.The mean±SE of hospitalization expenditures was Chinese Yuan(CNY)(16,975.6±16.3),ranging from(13,310.1±12.8)in IS to(81,369.8±260.7)in SAH,and out-of-pocket expenses were(5788.9±8.6),ranging from(4449.0±6.6)in IS to(30,778.2±156.8)in SAH.It was estimated that the medical cost of hospitalization for stroke in 2020 was CNY 58.0 billion,of which the patient pays approximately CNY 19.8 billion.In-hospital death/discharge against medical advice rate was 9.2%(95%CI 9.2%–9.2%),ranging from 6.4%(95%CI 6.4%–6.5%)for IS to 21.8%(95%CI 21.8%–21.9%)for ICH.From 2019 to 2020,the information about 188,648 patients with acute IS receiving intravenous thrombolytic therapy(IVT),49,845 patients receiving mechanical thrombectomy(MT),and 14,087 patients receiving bridging(IVT+MT)were collected through BOSC.The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage during treatment was 3.2%(95%CI 3.2%–3.3%),7.7%(95%CI 7.5%–8.0%),and 12.9%(95%CI 12.3%–13.4%),respectively.And in-hospital death/discharge against medical advice rate was 8.9%(95%CI 8.8%–9.0%),16.5%(95%CI 16.2%–16.9%),and 16.8%(95%CI 16.2%–17.4%),respectively.A prospective nationwide hospital-based study was conducted at 231 stroke base hospitals(Level III)from 31 provinces in China through BOSC from January 2019to December 2020 and 136,282 stroke patients were included and finished 12-month follow-up.Of those,over 86.9%were IS,10.8%were ICH strokes,and 2.3%were SAH strokes.The disability rate[%(95%CI)]in survivors of stroke at 3-month and 12-month was 14.8%(95%CI 14.6%–15.0%)and 14.0%(95%CI 13.8%–14.2%),respectively.The mortality rate[%(95%CI)]of stroke at 3-month and 12-month was 4.2%(95%CI 4.1%–4.3%)and 8.5%(95%CI 8.4%–8.6%),respectively.The recurrence rate[%(95%CI)]of stroke at 3-month and 12-month was 3.6%(95%CI 3.5%–3.7%)and 5.6%(95%CI 5.4%–5.7%),respectively.The Healthy China 2030 Stroke Action Plan was launched as part of this review,and the above data provide valuable guidelines for future stroke prevention and treatment efforts in China.
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(grant numbers:2021-I2M-1-010,2021-I2M-1-046,2021-I2M-1-011,2021-I2M-1-023).
文摘Background:The National Cancer Center(NCC)of China regularly reports the nationwide statistics on cancer incidence and mortality in China.The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)calculates and publishes the cancer burden of countries around the world every two years.To ensure consistency between the actual surveillance data in China and the data published by IARC,NCC has received approval from the National Health Commission and IARC to simultaneously release the cancer burden data for China in GLOBOCAN 2022.Methods:There were a total of 700 registries reporting high-quality data on cancer incidence and mortality across China in 2018,of which 106 registries with continuous monitoring from 2010 to 2018 were used to establish an age-period-cohort model to simulate the trend of cancer incidence and mortality and to estimate the incidence and mortality in China in 2022.In addition,we analyzed the temporal trends of age-standardized cancer incidence and mortality from 2000 to 2018 using data from 22 continuous cancer registries.Results:It was estimated about 4,824,700 new cancer cases and 2,574,200 new cancer deaths occurred in China in 2022.Cancers of the lung,colon-rectum,thyroid,liver and stomach were the top five cancer types,accounting for 57.42%of new cancer cases.Cancers of the lung,liver,stomach,colon-rectum and esophagus were the five leading causes of cancer deaths,accounting for 67.50%of total cancer deaths.The crude rate and age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)were 341.75 per 100,000 and 201.61 per 100,000,respectively.The crude mortality rate was 182.34 per 100,000 and the age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)was 96.47 per 100,000.The ASIR of all cancers combined increased by approximately 1.4%per year during 2000–2018,while the ASMR decreased by approximately 1.3%per year.We observed decreasing trends in ASIR and ASMR for cancers of the esophagus,stomach,and liver,whereas the ASIR increased significantly for cancers of the thyroid,prostate,and cervix.Conclusions:Cancer remains a major public health concern in China,with a cancer profile that reflects the coexistence of developed and developing regions.Sustained implementation of prevention and control measures has resulted in significant reductions in the incidence and mortality rates of certain historically high incidence cancers,such as esophageal,stomach and liver cancers.Adherence to the guidelines of the Healthy China Action Plan and the Cancer Prevention and Control Action Plan,along with continued efforts in comprehensive risk factor control,cancer screening,early diagnosis and treatment,and standardization of diagnostic and therapeutic protocols,are key strategies to effectively mitigate the increasing cancer burden by 2030.