显微镜下改良“十字”Parks切口斜视手术临床观察

目的探讨显微镜下改良“十字”Parks切口斜视手术的优点与应用价值。方法选取2016年1月至2021年12月嘉兴市中医医院眼科收治的98例斜视手术患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(n=49)和观察组(n=49),对照组采用角膜梯形切口,观察组采用显微镜下改良“十字”Parks切口。对两组手术前后泪膜破裂时间(break-up time,BUT)、泪液分泌量、角膜荧光素钠染色(cotneal fluorescein staining,CFS)评分、舒适度指标、斜视角度及术后并发症发生情况等进行观察和分析。结果术后1d、1周、1个月时,对照组CFS均显著高于观察组(P<0.05)。术后1d、1周时,对照组泪液分泌量、BUT、舒适度评分均高于观察组(P<0.05);术后1个月时,两组泪液分泌量、BUT、舒适度评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术后治愈率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),对照组出现1例术后并发症,观察组无并发症情况发生。结论显微镜下改良“十字”Parks切口斜视手术可保护泪膜稳定性,提高患者术后舒适度,同时减少术后并发症,疗效确切,值得临床普及应用。

Quick determination of gas pressure before uncovering coal in cross-cuts and shafts

The determination of gas pressure before uncovering coal in cross-cuts and in shafts is one of the important steps in pre- dicting coal and gas outbursts. However, the time spent for testing gas pressure is, at present, very long, seriously affecting the ap- plication of outburst prediction techniques in opening coal seams in cross-cuts and shafts. In order to reduce the time needed in gas pressure tests and to improve the accuracy of tests, we analyzed the process of gas pressure tests and examined the effect of the length of boreholes in coal seams in tests. The result shows that 1) the shorter the borehole, the easier the real pressure value of gas can be obtained and 2) the main factors affecting the time spent in gas pressure tests are the length of the borehole in coal seams, the gas emission time after the borehole has been formed and the quality of the borehole-sealing. The longer the length of the bore- hole, the longer the gas emission time and the larger the pressure-relief circle formed around the borehole, the longer the time needed for pressure tests. By controlling the length of the borehole in a test case in the Huainan mining area, and adopting a quick sealing technique using a sticky liquid method, the sealing quality was clearly improved and the gas emission time as well as the amount of gas discharged greatly decreased. Before the method described, the time required for the gas pressure to increase during the pressure test process, was more than 10 days. With our new method the required time is only 5 hours. In addition, the accuracy of the gas pressure test is greatly improved.

Study of the features of outburst caused by rock cross-cut coal uncovering and the law of gas dilatation energy release

To study the law of gas dilatation energy release of rock cross-cut coal uncovering face, according to the analysis of the physical parameters distribution features of coal and rock mass in front of crosscut face,the equations of elastic potential of coal and gas dilatation energy theory were set up to process a contrast calculation of the sizes of two kinds of energy. The results show that gas dilatation energy is the uppermost energy source causing outburst occurrence. Furthermore, the mathematical model of spherical flow field gas dilatation energy release was established and MATLAB software was applied to make a numerical calculation analysis on the law of gas dilatation energy release. The results indicate that the gas dilatation energy is closely related to gas parameters and its energy index does reflect the possibility of coal seam outburst.

Optimization Algorithms for Fully Automatic Optimizing Cross-cut Saw

The optimization of boards by grades plays an important role in the production for cross cutting boards, and the outturn rate and utilization of boards are directly affected by the optimization results of boards by grades. At present, the OptiCut series fully automatic optimizing cross-cut saw（FAOCCS） from Germany Weinig Group occupies the main markets in the world, but no report about the relative theories on the optimization technology and its algorithms is available. There exist some disadvantages in woodworking machinery and equipment used for cross cutting boards in China, for example, low sawing precision, outturn rate of boards and productivity, and difficulty in making statistics on the sawing results. Three optimization modes are presented for the optimization algorithms for FAOCCS, namely, optimization of fixed length, optimization of finger-jointed lumber and mixed optimization. Mathematical models are then established for these three optimization modes, and the corresponding software for realizing the optimization is prepared. Finally, Synthetic evaluation on the established mathematical models is presented through three practical examples. The results of synthetic evaluation indicate that FAOCCS using the optimization modes may raise the outturn rate of boards approximately 8% and the productivity obviously, and allows accurate statistics on the cross cut products of boards. The mathematical models of above three optimization modes are useful for increasing the outturn rate and utilization ratio of boards.

Ecosystems Services of the Tropical Rain Forest Environment: Lessons from the Cross River National Park, Nigeria

This paper essayed to examine ecosystem functions with a case study of the tropical rainforest environment of the Cross River National Park, Nigeria. The paper highlighted the important functions of the ecosystems to include Purification of air and water mitigation of floods and droughts, detoxification and decomposition of wastes, generation and renewal of soil and natural vegetation, pollination of crops and natural vegetation, control of the vast majority of potential agricultural pests, dispersal of seeds and translocation of nutrients, maintenance of biodiversity, protection from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays among others. Problems associated with the rainforest ecosystems among which are logging, traditional methods of farming, poaching, excessive noise and encroachment were identified. The paper concluded by highlighting the way forward among others that, awareness creation should be stepped-up in Support Zone Communities;indigenes should be educated periodically on the benefits of the ecosystem services to not just humans but the forest resources and biodiversity themselves.

Evaluation of the Anti-Poaching Programme of the Cross River National Park Okwango Division, Nigeria 2002 to 2013

Poaching of wildlife has continued to be the major problem confronting national parks managers in Nigeria in spite of effort being made to curb the ugly trend. This paper examined the anti-poaching programme of the Cross River National Park Okwango Division Nigeria from 2002 to 2013, with a view to making recommendations for the improvement of the programme. Focused group discussions, personal interviews, review of official records and structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Analysis of variance using randomized complete block design and student’s t-test were used to analyse data. Result showed that 1 - 5 arrests of poachers per month per patrol station was significantly (P 0.05) in the number of poachers arrested and fined between 2002 to 2006 and 2007 to 2011. The low performance of the anti-poaching programme was attributed to poorly equipped rangers’ posts as well as well the absence of alternative livelihood options in the enclave and surrounding communities. It was recommended that more rangers should be employed, and the rangers should be adequately kitted, well equipped patrol stations be constructed and the enclave and surrounding communities be involved in the management of the National Park in addition to providing them with alternative livelihood options.

Self-Cross-Linked Tannin-Aminated Tannin Surface Coatings for Particleboard

Aminated tannins were prepared by reacting mimosa condensed tannin extract with ammonia yielding the substitution of many,if not all of the tannin hydroxyl groups with–NH_(2)groups.A tannin-aminated tannin(ATT)particleboard coating was then prepared by reacting raw tannin extract with aminated tannin extract and thus cross-linking the two by substituting tannin’s hydroxyl groups with the–NH_(2)groups on the aminated tannin to form–NH-bridges between the two.The resulting particleboard coating gave encouraging results when pressed at 180℃for 3 min.Conversely,the system in which tannin was reacted/cross-liked with urea(ATU)by a similar amination reaction did not perform as well as the ATT system,and this even when a higher curing temperature and longer hot press time were used.In particular its water repellence was worse probably due to the presence of urea and such a system with lower reactivity.Nonetheless,substituting the tannin–OHs with the urea–NH_(2)groups appeared to also take place.ATT gave better results than ATU as regards water repellence and mechanical resistance as shown by the cross cut test.The ATT system was shown to be between 95%and 98%biosourced.The difference appeared to be due,by TMA analysis,to the much faster formation of the ATT hardened network leading to a better cross-linked polymer coating.The chemical species formed for both the ATT and ATU system were studied by MALDI ToF and CP MAS^(13)C NMR.

多连杆式下斜刃横切剪剪切力数值分析

针对多连杆式下斜刃横切剪剪切力求解问题,采用有限单元法建立了数值求解模型。用装配后的实物进行了剪切实验,将数值解和实验解、文献解进行对比,三者结果之间比较吻合,验证了数值求解模型合理性。对不同带材厚度h、剪刃侧向间隙Δ、下剪刃斜度tanα、剪切液压缸伸出速度v及上下剪刃磨损量ω下的横切剪剪切力分布规律进行了归纳。分析结果表明,下剪刃磨损对剪切力的分布影响大于上剪刃的磨损,剪切厚度为6mm的带材的最佳剪刃侧向间隙Δ可取为(0.4±0.1)mm、下剪刃斜度tanα可取为1/25、剪切液压缸伸出速度可取为(300±50)mm/s。提出了横切剪在设计、选型、电气调试以及实际使用过程中的一些建议。

跨断层切顶卸压自成巷顶板变形机理及控制技术研究

针对跨断层切顶卸压自成巷顶板变形大不易支护的问题,以棋盘井煤矿东区11101工作面运输巷为工程背景,探究跨断层切顶卸压自成巷顶板变形机理,研究“切顶卸压+恒阻锚索”支护对跨断层切顶卸压自成巷顶板变形的控制效果。建立力学分析模型研究断层及切顶卸压自成巷顶板各相关参数对巷道直接顶应力的影响,将切顶卸压自成巷顶板变形过程划分为4个阶段,研究巷道顶板各阶段及总垂直位移量计算方法并给出计算公式,并将相关参数代入公式求解跨断层切顶卸压自成巷顶板垂直位移量;利用3DEC数值模拟软件建立跨断层切顶卸压自成巷数值计算模型,研究断层附近巷道顶板应力应变演化规律及恒阻锚索控制效果,研究结果表明:数值模拟上下盘巷道顶板变形数据与理论分析所得数据结果误差分别为1.14%、4.04%;恒阻锚索能够有效减小巷道顶板变形,与未使用恒阻锚索模型相比,上盘巷道切缝侧顶板垂直位移量减小至16.8%,下盘巷道切缝侧顶板垂直位移量减小至50.7%;上下盘巷道顶板在工作面回采过巷道测点断面过程中出现不同程度的应力集中,其中上盘巷道顶板的垂直应力集中值大于下盘巷道,分别为5.72 MPa和4.48 MPa;恒阻锚索通过减缓断层附近巷道顶板变形速率,待巷旁碎石帮充填完成后与碎石帮共同对巷道顶板变形进行控制;将11101工作面运输巷围岩位移监测数据与理论模型计算结果相比较,误差均在10%以内,证明“切顶卸压+恒阻锚索”支护方式对跨断层巷道顶板变形具有良好的控制效果。

缓交联高强度封堵剂研究进展

综述了目前油田主要应用的封堵剂的发展情况,介绍了含水率较高的油田实施窜流封堵技术,分析了不同类型的深部封堵剂优劣特性及适用情况,总结和展望了未来缓慢交联的封堵剂技术的发展趋势。

融合停车线方向的端到端停车位检测网络

智能汽车自动泊车功能的基本要求之一是能够快速准确地检测出未被占用的停车位。针对这一问题,设计了一种融合停车线方向与全局特征的端到端可训练的停车位检测网络。首先提取出车位关键点的坐标以及关键点对应停车线的方向,并从图像全局特征中使用关键点的坐标提取出局部特征。将关键点信息、局部特征、全局特征使用交叉注意力机制融合,利用入口线鉴别器推断出关键点的停车位构成关系。根据关键点的停车位构成关系以及停车线方向,裁剪出停车位的区域图像并送入定制的车位占用分类网络进行分类,得到车位的占用信息。本文提出的方法在公共基准数据集PS2.0上进行了实验,其中该方法对矩形停车位的检测精度为99.65%,对倾斜停车位的检测精度为99.04%,在单块GPU上能够达到80 fps的检测速率。经验证,所提出的方法可以实时高精度的检测停车位位置、方向以及占用情况。

铣削硬质合金时的材料脆延转变特性试验研究

硬质合金是一种难加工材料,具有很高的硬度、强度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。为了实现对硬质合金材料的高效精密切削加工,本文以聚晶金刚石(Polycrystalline diamond, PCD)刀具铣削WC-15Co硬质合金为研究对象,基于Bifano切削厚度模型计算出WC-15Co的临界切削厚度,进而与切削参数对应的最大切削厚度比较,初步确定了被加工材料脆性域切削与延性域切削共存的跨域铣削参数范围。在此基础上,通过高速铣削试验,分析了每齿进给量、径向切削深度和切削速度等切削参数对试件已加工表面质量和切削力等的影响,并探讨了其作用机理。结果表明:在跨域铣削参数下,即当切削速度为300 m/min时,控制每齿进给量在11μm/z以内,径向切削深度小于1 mm,可以获得延性域切削表面,此时表面粗糙度小于0.2μm,表面无明显脆性破坏缺陷,材料去除率最高可达到157 mm^(3)/min,显著高于纯延性域切削时的43 mm^(3)/min。

截面型式及槽宽比对高填明洞土压力影响分析

利用离散元软件PFC2D,考虑到土体的离散性与不均匀性,通过分析洞顶平均竖向土压力、内外土柱相对沉降差以及颗粒间接触力链的变化规律,探讨截面型式(矩形、1/4拱形、1/2拱形)及槽宽比(B/b=1.5∶1,2∶1,3∶1,4∶1)变化对高填黄土明洞土压力的影响,结合顾安全公式,分析高填明洞沉降差与土压力间的函数关系,并修正该函数,使其可以适用与不同的截面型式与槽宽比下的高填明洞。结果表明:(1)B/b确定,明洞采用矩形截面时,接触力链在洞顶分布,平均土压力更大,明洞采用拱形截面时,平均土压力更小,但拱顶存在局部应力集中现象;(2)明洞截面型式一定,随着B/b的增大,洞顶平均竖向土压力与沉降差均随之增大,当B/b较小时,边坡作用增强,外侧土柱沉降降低,对内土柱的作用力变小,从而导致明洞顶竖向土压力更小;(3)内外土柱沉降差与附加土压力呈线性相关,相对于矩形截面,拱形截面下较小的沉降差会产生相同的附加土压力,更有利于结构的稳定。

石门揭煤局部防突措施研究进展及展望

随着矿井开采深度的增加,瓦斯突出问题日益凸显,如何快速安全地进行石门揭煤,是保障煤矿安全生产的重要目标。选取中国知网数据库中近30年相关文献为样本,基于图谱分析法,分析了石门揭煤局部防突领域中的研究热点;对防突措施的研究进展和不足之处进行了系统探析,分析发现低温冷冻技术从降低煤层储能及提高煤体强度2个角度实现防突。煤与瓦斯突出事故的发生是煤层储能失稳后突破了煤体抵抗能力导致的,基于目前局部防突领域存在的技术难题以及人工冻结存在的不足,结合智能化技术,提出智能“钻-抽-注”一体化措施,通过信号基站及局域网络进行实时监控及预警,实现精准防突;通过建立多物理场耦合模型、理论分析及工程实践验证3方面相结合,掌握冷冻条件下煤岩体瓦斯赋存状态及运移规律,为低温冷冻技术在石门揭煤局部防突中的应用提供理论依据;借助智能液氮冻结系统,实现“一孔多功能”,为石门揭煤局部防突工作提供新的选择和支持,从而快速、安全揭开突出危险性煤层。

一类新的单参数F-C函数及其应用

填充函数法作为可以有效求解多变量、多极值函数的全局最优化方法,通过交替求解目标函数和填充函数找到问题的全局最优解或近似全局最优解,其寻优能力与所采用的填充函数性质有直接关系。因此,构造具有良好数学性质的填充函数新形式一直都是填充函数法的重要研究领域。然而,当前已有的填充函数存在以下问题:填充函数不连续不可微;参数过多难以控制和调整;包含指数项或对数项。为解决上述不足,将填充函数和跨越函数相结合,引入求解无约束全局优化问题的F-C函数定义。根据此定义,构造一类新的单参数F-C函数,此参数在迭代过程中易于调节。在分析该函数理论性质的基础上,提出新的全局优化F-C函数方法,该算法打破传统填充函数算法的求解框架,成功减少求解目标函数的次数,提高计算效率。通过数值计算验证F-C函数算法的有效性和可行性。最后,用F-C函数算法对切削温度实验中的参数进行优化,并与已有结果进行比较,数值试验结果表明该算法具有更好的拟合效果。

基于CNL的轨道站点停车换乘选择行为分析

研究轨道站点停车换乘选择行为,分析出行者选择停车换乘出行的影响因素,可进一步改善设施运营状况与优化设施配置。选取南京市轨道站点作为研究对象,通过采集轨道站点停车换乘设施的使用情况,从个人属性、出行属性及停车换乘意向3个方面对设施使用者的停车换乘选择行为进行调查。分析停车换乘选择行为的影响因素并选取9项特征变量,考虑出行者换乘方式、时间、距离,选择换乘便捷度和换乘次数进一步分析出行者停车换乘选择行为。分别以换乘便捷度和换乘次数为上层巢构建交叉巢式Logit模型,对比分析不同情况下出行者选择停车换乘出行的影响因素差异,揭示特征变量对站点选择和出行方式选择的影响。研究结果表明:换乘便捷度和换乘次数为CNL模型上层巢的参数结果存在差异,以换乘便捷度为CNL模型上层巢的结果中,收入、出行目的和停车时间的参数绝对值较大,分别为0.467,0.359,0.454;以换乘次数为CNL模型上层巢的结果中,绝对值较大的则是收入、出行目的和出行次数,分别为0.550,0.579,0.642,对比发现收入和出行目的对出行者选择停车换乘的影响较大。由模型中下层选择枝对上层巢的隶属度估计值可以发现,换乘便捷度适度增加或换乘次数适度减少的情形下,“停车换乘(P&R)”出行方式的选择枝隶属度最高,分别为0.399,0.464,出行者会更倾向于选择停车换乘。以换乘便捷度和换乘次数为上层巢构建的CNL模型较巢式Logit模型和多项Logit模型精度提升约10%,在不同换乘便捷度和换乘次数情况下出行者对不同影响因素具有差异化敏感程度。

松软破碎厚顶煤大跨度切眼变形破坏特征与控制技术

安阳主焦煤矿大断面切眼常采用被动支架沿顶布置,围岩变形量大、易漏冒,工人劳动强度大。针对上述问题,采用数值模拟方法研究了裂隙发育、位移和应力分布与切眼跨度之间的关系,提出了围岩控制策略和支护方案。结果表明,随着切眼跨度的增大,围岩塑性区范围逐渐增加,顶板以剪切滑移或拉剪破坏为主,两帮以泊松效应膨胀拉伸—剪切破坏为主;顶板下沉量、巷帮内挤和底鼓量均逐渐增大;顶煤、直接顶和基本顶部分岩层逐层渐次移动,顶板部分区域出现较大的裂隙,冒落拱以上深部顶板发生整体移动;巷道顶底板中有害拉伸应力区域范围呈现拱形分布,且逐渐增大。根据切眼围岩变形破坏特征,提出了高强度、高刚度、高预紧力的强力支护和被动单体液压支柱补强的主被动联合支护方法。现场工业性试验表明,切眼围岩得到了有效控制,可为类似裂隙发育托顶煤大断面切眼围岩控制提供参考。

故障安全型可编程序控制器在横剪线改造中的应用

原铁芯片横剪线未配置保护操作人员的安全装置,在操作过程中存在较大安全隐患。对此,在横剪线改造中应用西门子S7-300故障安全型可编程序控制器,并设计了报警监控系统。介绍了改造方案,分析了故障安全型可编程序控制器的特点,并设计了可编程序控制器程序。改造完成后,很好保证了操作者的安全,提高了横剪线的生产效率。

考虑天然气混氢的园区综合能源系统电制氢优化配置

电制氢(power to hydrogen,P2H)和天然气混氢技术在促进可再生能源消纳、降低系统碳排放量方面具有良好的理论研究和工程应用前景。面向含高比例可再生能源的园区综合能源系统,提出一种计及天然气混氢及跨季节存储的P2H优化配置方法。首先梳理了含氢园区综合能源系统的运行框架和能量流动关系,建立园区内部能源生产、转换与存储设备的数学模型;然后以设备的年化投资成本、园区综合能源系统的年度运行成本和碳交易成本最优为目标,提出P2H优化配置模型;最后通过算例分析验证文中所提模型的有效性,并比较了电解槽投资成本、混氢体积分数上限以及经济性和低碳性成本权重系数变化对规划运行结果的影响。算例结果表明文中所提模型可有效提升可再生能源消纳能力,降低系统整体经济成本和碳排放量。

特厚煤层短壁综放大断面切眼巷道围岩控制研究

以山阴金海洋南阳坡煤矿特厚煤层短壁综放工作面为研究对象,针对跨度达8.7 m的综放大断面切眼支护设计,既要满足有效控制切眼巷道围岩变形,又要尽可能减少支护材料浪费和支护成本偏高的问题,利用数值模拟软件FLAC3D研究了不同支护方案下顶板预应力场分布特征,确定了大跨度切眼的支护形式为锚杆、金属菱形网、锚索+W钢带以及单体支柱等的联合支护形式,通过校核支护参数,支护设计均能够满足要求,最后对围岩变形量进行了现场观测,浅部、深部基点离层值分别为9 mm、12 mm,巷道顶板下沉量约为140 mm,煤壁侧巷道变形量约为105 mm,老塘侧巷道变形量约为98 mm,围岩变形量小,说明大断面切眼巷道得到了有效控制,能够满足安全生产使用要求,为其他类似工程条件的大断面切眼支护问题提供了借鉴。