Randomized control trial of a culturally adapted behavioral activation therapy for Muslim patients with depression in Pakistan

BACKGROUND Behavioral activation therapy(BA)is as effective as cognitive behavior therapy(CBT)in treating depression and can be delivered by practitioners with much less psychological training,making it particularly suitable for low resource settings.BA that is culturally adapted for Muslims(BA-M)is a culturally adapted form of BA that has been found acceptable and feasible for Muslims with depression in the United Kingdom and Turkey;however,this is the first time that its efficacy has been determined through a definitive randomized controlled trial.AIM To compare the effectiveness of BA-M with CBT for Muslim patients with depression in Pakistan.METHODS One hundred and eight patients were randomized 1:1 to treatment arms in a parallel-group randomized controlled trial in hospital or community sites in Lahore,Pakistan.Recruitment followed self-referral or referrals from clinicians,consultants or relevant professionals at each site.Four measures were recorded by blinded assessors:The patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9);the BA for depression scale short form(BADS-SF);symptom checklist-revised and the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Brief Scale.All measures were recorded at baseline and post treatment;PHQ-9 and BADS-SF were also recorded at each session and at three month follow up.The primary analysis was to regress the PHQ-9 score after therapy upon the PHQ-9 score before therapy(baseline)and the type of therapy given,that is,analysis of covariance.In addition,analysis using PHQ-9 scores collected at each therapy session was employed in a 2-level regression model.RESULTS Patients in the BA-M arm experienced greater improvement in PHQ-9 score of 1.95 units compared to the CBT arm after adjusting for baseline values(P=0.006)The key reason behind this improvement was that patients were retained in therapy longer under BA-M,in which patients were retained for an average 0.75 sessions more than CBT patients(P=0.013).Patients also showed significant differences on physical(P<0.001),psychological(P=0.004)and social(P=0.047)domains of Quality of Life(QoL)at post treatment level,indicating an increased QoL in the BA-M group as compared to the treatment as usual group.Some baseline differences were noted in both groups for BA scores and two domains of QoL scale:Physical and environment,which might have influenced the results,though the BA-M group showed more improvement at completion of therapy.CONCLUSION Results proved the efficacy of BA-M in reducing symptoms for depressed patients in Pakistan,indicating BA-M is a promising treatment modality for depression in future,particularly in low resource settings.

The power of informal institutions:The impact of clan culture on the depression of the elderly in rural China

Exploration of ways to improve the subjective welfare of residents is an important area of current academic research.Using data from the China Family Panel Studies survey conducted in 2010,this paper investigated the impact of clan culture on the mental health of elderly people in rural China.The results demonstrated that clan culture can significantly decrease the depression score of the rural elderly.Further,there was no gender difference with respect to the impact of clan culture on the depression score of the elderly.At the same time,the positive effects of clan culture on the depression score of the elderly have gradually weakened with economic development.Exploration of the mechanisms involved indicated that in areas with stronger clan culture,older people receive more social support.This study enriches our understanding of the impact of informal institutions on the welfare of rural residents.At the same time,it can also provide a certain decisionmaking reference for the government to formulate relative poverty relief strategies in a new stage of poverty alleviation.

Optimal Culture Capacity of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and Razor Clam (Sinonovacula constricta) in a New Series-Connection Culture Model

To construct an effective circular mix-culture model and investigate its culture capacity,we established one small and one large systems,with white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)and razor clam(Sinonovacula constricta)cultured in separate ponds.The culture water from the L.vannamei was pumped to the S.constricta,and the culture water from the S.constricta overflowed back into the L.vannamei via gravity.In trial I,we tested four culture densities(groups 1–4),and monitored water quality,growth indices,and digestive and immune enzyme activities.From the results,the nitrogen and phosphorus levels generally increased then declined after 56 days,and were lower in groups 1 and 2.The specific growth rate of group 2 was the highest.After 56 days,activities of four digestive enzymes were increased in group 2,and lysozyme activity was significantly decreased in S.constricta in groups 1–4;Alkaline phosphatase activity of L.vannamei was increased in group 3,but decreased in S.constricta in groups 2–4;Acid phosphatase activity was significantly higher in groups 1–3(P<0.05),while SOD and CAT activities were significantly elevated in group 2(P<0.05).Thus,we applied group 2 density for trial II.In trial II,nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations declined significantly during the latter stages,and growth indices were higher than the control(P<0.05).The yields of L.vannamei and S.constricta were significantly higher than the control(P<0.05).The results revealed a good circular mix-culture system with the optimal culture capacity for L.vannamei(40 ind m^(−2))and S.constricta(300 ind m^(−2)),which provided a reference for the future culture of them.

A Fine Investigation on Geological Conditions for Oil Accumulation in the Paleogene Intersalt Shale Series in the Qianjiang Depression

This study dealt with the rhythmic Qian 3410 of the intersalt shale series in the Qianjiang Depression,in which the geological condition for oil accumulation in the rhythmic shale was investigated by using the basic drilling,core and well logging data,as well as data obtained from the thin section identification,SEM,mercury injection,X-ray diffraction and rock freezing heat analyses.The study result indicated that:1)the intersalt shale series are characterized by TOC in a range of 0.35%-6.38%(averaging 3.19%),Types I and II1 organic matter,and from immature to mature oil,indicative of a potential for generating a great volume of immature oil;2)in the target layer,mineral compositions are complicated,which can divide into argillaceous dolomite facies,argillaceous limestone facies,dolomitic mudstone facies,and calcium-mirabilite-filling dolomitic mudstone facies;and 3)of them,the argillaceous dolomite facies is the most contributory,with reservoir spaces consisting of intergranular pores as dominant,as well as rare dissolution pores and seams.It is characterized by high organic abundance(4.23%-6.38%),high content of brittle mineral(50%-71%),low content of clay mineral(18%-33%),high porosity(10.8%-26.3%)and good oil-bearing properties(S1 distributed in 3.48-5.64 mg/g,and S1/TOC value in a range of 348-564 oil mg/g).Therefore,the argillaceous dolomite facies was considered the key target series to be explored for the intersalt shale oil in the study area in the coming days.

An Exploration of Traditional Chinese Cultural Programs:The Construction of Rituals,Narrative Strategies,and Experiential Insights

In the context of the cultural development of the new era and the burgeoning spiritual demands of the people,there has been a remarkable surge in the proliferation of traditional Chinese cultural programs.The“Chinese Festivals”series,produced by Henan TV,standing out as an engaging TV program that showcases traditional Chinese culture,has rapidly captivated a diverse audience across different age groups,creating a rich,multi-dimensional,and cross-media cultural communication ecosystem.The program strategically selects symbolic elements by systematically categorizing and organizing traditional Chinese cultural symbols to create a rich cultural space.It employs cutting-edge scientific and technological methods to enrich viewer immersion,crafting media rituals with both temporal significance and a profound sense of media ritual.This approach boosts the program’s popularity and sets a benchmark for industry innovation.By fostering an interactive narrative between mainstream media and the public,the program continuously broadens the scope of the“story world,”fostering a harmonious and structured national cultural community through the creative interpretation of traditional Chinese culture and the evocative crafting of the aesthetic sensibilities inherent in Chinese art.It is worth noting that the phenomenon of aesthetic fatigue besets the development of this serial program.To address this issue and further improve the appeal of the program,a comprehensive approach is required to develop a cohesive narrative mode for the“story world.”This involves harmonizing the interplay between artistic endeavors and technological advancements,synchronizing sensory experiences with the foundational ritualistic elements,and enhancing the effectiveness of the media communication matrix to construct a brand of media culture that has social significance,aesthetic value,and economic profits in the new era.

Cultural Influences on the Presentation of Depression

Depression is predicted to become the second highest disease burden by 2020 as well as being a common mental health condition across the globe. Nevertheless, the presentation of depression varies depending on several factors with the patient’s cultural background playing a significant role. Although depression is such a universal condition, the manner of how a patient presents not only affects the clinician’s ability to make a diagnosis, but ultimately affects the wellbeing of the patient. It is therefore paramount that as clinicians we appreciate how culture not only affects the presentation of depression but also how cultural beliefs affect the patient’s acceptance of such a diagnosis.

The Cultural Relics Exhibition Series of the Joint Exhibition of Asian Civilizations

The Joint Exhibition of Asian Civilizations is an exhibition activity during the Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations, which includes the Art Exhibition and the Cultural Relics Exhibition Series. From May 13 to August 11,2019, the Cultural Relics Exhibition,"the Splendor of Asia 一 an Exhibition of Asian Civilizations", is opened at National Museum of China. Those exhibited are 45 1 cultural relics from 47 Asian countries and another 2 countries with ancient civilizations, i.e., Greece and Egypt. Among them were 1 09 Chinese relics, including Bronze Statue of Yi, Changxin Palace Lamp and other national treasures.

Structural and functional damage to the hippocampal neurovascular unit in diabetes-related depression

Previous studies have shown that models of depression exhibit structural and functional changes to the neurovascular unit. Thus, we hypothesized that diabetes-related depression might be associated with damage to the hippocampal neurovascular unit. To test this hypothesis, neurons, astrocytes and endothelial cells were isolated from the brain tissues of rat embryos and newborn rats. Hippocampal neurovascular unit co-cultures were produced using the Transwell chamber co-culture system. A model of diabetes-related depression was generated by adding 150 mM glucose and 200 μM corticosterone to the culture system and compared with the neuron + astrocyte and astrocyte + endothelial cell co-culture systems. Western blot assay was used to measure levels of structural proteins in the hippocampal neurovascular unit co-culture system. Levels of basic fibroblast growth factor, angiogenic factor 1, glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor, transforming growth factor β1, leukemia inhibitory factor and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the hippocampal neurovascular unit co-culture system were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining was used to assess neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampal neurovascular unit. The neurovascular unit triple cell co-culture system had better barrier function and higher levels of structural and secretory proteins than the double cell co-culture systems. In comparison, in the model of diabetes-related depression, the neurovascular unit was damaged with decreased barrier function, poor structural integrity and impaired secretory function. Moreover, neuronal apoptosis was markedly increased, and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels were reduced. These results suggest that diabetes-related depression is associated with structural and functional damage to the neurovascular unit. Our findings provide a foundation for further studies on the pathogenesis of diabetes-related depression.

丧系网络亚文化对青年奋斗精神的消解及应对

青年奋斗精神不仅是激励青年自我完善、全面发展的重要动力,更是促进社会进步、民族复兴的有力武器。但近年来,部分带有丧系内核的网络亚文化正不断消解青年对奋斗精神的认知,表现为符号表征异化奋斗认知、碎片传播窄化奋斗认知、圈层效应极化奋斗认知;同时,这些亚文化还借助话语、图像、消费、娱乐等手段,通过边缘—主流、虚拟—现实、个体—群体等路径不断消解青年对奋斗精神的建构。基于此,从规范网络亚文化体系澄清青年奋斗认知、协同网络思政促进青年奋斗建构、增强文化自信夯实青年奋斗底气3个层面培育青年奋斗品质,引导青年成为有理想、敢担当、能吃苦、肯奋斗的新时代好青年。

2016年以来学界关于“丧文化”的研究述评与展望

丧文化是一种在青年群体中流行的充满消极、颓废、麻木情绪的亚文化新形式。近年来,国内学界围绕丧文化的缘起和流变、演绎和界定、生成机理、时代特征、影响和应对策略等相关议题展开了系统性阐述和探究,取得了较为丰硕的研究成果;同时,也存在诸如低水平重复、研究范式过时、定量研究匮乏、学理研究缺乏深度等问题和不足。未来学界的研究应致力于加大创新力度、更新研究范式、完善研究方法、深化学理研究等方面。

校园文化活动对大学生焦虑抑郁情绪的正面影响探究

目的通过问卷调查探究校园文化活动对大学生焦虑和抑郁症状的影响效果,为大学心理健康教育实践提供理论支持和指导。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,从不同类型大学2021级、2022级、2023级本科学生中选取1584名为研究对象。采集人口学资料、家庭环境、个人生活方式等信息,并运用焦虑和抑郁自评量表进行评估。结果1584名大学生中,焦虑检出率34.09%,抑郁检出率35.61%。单因素分析表明,年级、是否独生子女、家庭经济收入情况、睡眠质量和是否参与校园文化活动与焦虑、抑郁情绪检出率有关(P<0.05)。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析证实了以上因素在大学生焦虑、抑郁发生中的重要性。参与校园文化活动频率与大学生焦虑、抑郁症状呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论校园文化活动对降低大学生焦虑和抑郁检出率有显著影响。该研究为未来心理健康干预提供了理论依据,但仍需更深入的前瞻性研究来探索不同文化活动类型对心理健康的具体影响。

黄飞鸿系列电影中的岭南武术文化透析

黄飞鸿系列电影自20世纪40年代末发展至今,百余部作品全面深入地将岭南武术文化的多重样式和多维空间通过超现实影像画面呈现在观众面前,胡鹏、刘家良、袁和平、徐克等导演的黄飞鸿故事和关德兴、刘家辉、成龙、李连杰等饰演的黄飞鸿形象,将黄飞鸿这位岭南民间武术家塑造成一位武艺超群、武德高尚、充满侠义精神和家国情怀的银幕英雄。文章从武术文化角度分析发现,黄飞鸿系列电影经历了“民间武俗到影视武风”“洪拳正宗到北派武功”“行侠仗义到为国为民”的演变过程。

影像舞蹈中的传统文化符号——以河南卫视“中国节日”系列节目为例

河南卫视以传统节日为索引、以舞蹈为载体,通过对传统文化符号的创新性发展以及与当代审美的创造性融合,探寻其“文化卫视”的发展路径。通过分析《唐宫夜宴》“破圈走红”原因,文章探讨了河南卫视在“中国节日”系列节目中如何利用传统文化符号在影像舞蹈中完成“国风舞蹈”的品牌构建,以及其如何利用《唐宫夜宴》热门IP衍生出“中国节日”系列IP,打造出既蕴含传统文化符号,又符合当代审美的影像舞蹈节目。

Main Mechanism for Generating Overpressure in the Paleogene Source Rock Series of the Chezhen Depression,Bohai Bay Basin, China

The Chezhen depression,located in the south of Bohai Bay Basin,is an oil-producing basin in China. The third and fourth members of the Shahejie Formation(E(s3) and E(s4)) are the main source rock series in the Chezhen depression. Widespread overpressures occurred in the E(s3) and E(s4) from the depths of approximately 2 000 to 4 600 m,with the maximum pressure coefficient of 1.98 from drillstem tests(DST). Among the sonic,resistivity and density logs,sonic-log is the only reliable pressure indicator and can be used to predict the pore pressure with Eaton's method. All the overpressured mudstones in the source rock series have higher acoustic traveltimes compared with normally pressured mudstones at a given depth. The overpressured mudstones in the E(s3) and E(s4) units are characterized by a normal geothermal gradient,high average density values up to 2.5 g/cm^3,strong present-day hydrocarbon generation capability,abundant mature organic matter and high contents of residual hydrocarbons estimated by the Rock-Eval S1 values and chloroform-soluble bitumen "A" values. All suggest that the dominant mechanism for overpressure in the mudstones of source rock series in the Chezhen depression is hydrocarbon generation. A comparison between the matrix porosity of the normally pressured sandstones and overpressured sandstones,the quantitative evaluation of porosity loss caused by compaction and the conventional thin section inspection demonstrate that the sandstones in the Chezhen depression were normally compacted. The high contents of hydrocarbons in the overpressured reservoirs prove that the overpressure in the sandstones of the source rock series was caused by pressure transmission from the source rocks.

心理学视野下的社会变迁研究:研究设计与分析方法

近年来,社会变迁导致的文化、心理与行为变化及其相互建构已经成为心理学的研究热点。社会变迁研究通常涉及和变迁相关的时间效应、时代效应以及和变迁无关的年龄效应。在考察变迁趋势及其影响因素时,常用的研究设计有跨时间比较、跨代际比较、跨地区比较(历史重构)等方法;常用的分析方法有传统的相关和回归分析和现代的时间序列分析(比如交叉滞后相关和格兰杰因果检验)等。由于每一种设计都有其优点和不足,在具体研究中,研究者要根据研究的问题和可操作性选择合适的方法;如果可能,最好同时采用多种方法,以寻求基于不同方法的聚合证据。

史前中原的战争、宗教与“天下结构”国家范式的滥觞

距今5 000年以降的中原地区由于生态与人文环境的压力,导致其社会复杂化演进的特殊路径。由于大规模人口迁徙与军事殖民,在中原地区常常发生族群之间争夺生存空间的战争,这种战争的目的、性质、规模都具有与史前中国其它区域不同的特性。它在与史前中原传统的重贵务实习俗的结合中,形成了血缘、文化、资源汇聚的“洼地”效应,这既促进原始宗教由自然神崇拜向祖先神崇拜的转化,又形成史前中原的“血缘旋涡”与“文化旋涡”,由此建构了一种特殊的集血缘性、内聚性、世俗性与开放性、辐射性对立统一的“天下结构”的早期国家制度模式。这种制度模式具有普适性、示范性特征及持续的辐射力与向心力,并延续而成三代王朝体制的“天下结构”国家范式,形成华夏早期国家的“中原”政治制度。

宏大叙事主题下的展览意义建构——“玉韫·九州:中国早期文明间的碰撞与聚合”展的内容策划

为展示活化中华文明探源工程考古研究成果,陕西历史博物馆以彩陶、玉器、冶金三重视角策划了“早期中国”系列展览,依次解读中华文明起源与早期发展的伟大进程。作为该系列展览第二部,“玉韫·九州:中国早期文明间的碰撞与聚合”展聚焦古国时代早期和晚期各区域文明间的互动及其兴衰,探讨这一时期玉礼器如何助推和强化神权、军权和王权的文明起源发展模式。通过凝练展览主题、梳理展览叙事重点、“重新脉络化”展品,“玉韫·九州”展策展团队完成了展览故事文本的构建,实现了在明确的主题思想统领下,以清晰的故事线和逻辑结构铺陈展览叙事,以展品及展品丰富生动的物载信息为支撑的内容策划。

莎士比亚“亨利”剧中的身体荣誉观

身体荣誉观从属于道德观,莎士比亚擅长用身体表达道德诉求。布尔迪厄的社会文化批评为我们提供了解读文学的新角度。文章用布尔迪厄理论来分析“亨利”剧中三个关联人物:霍茨波、福斯塔夫和亨利五世,他们对身体持有的荣誉观既相似又相异,却很有代表性:霍茨波盲目追求身体荣誉;福斯塔夫践踏身体荣誉;亨利五世驾驭身体荣誉。从中可以探讨莎士比亚及其时代的身体荣誉观。