A Calculation Method of Double Strength Reduction for Layered Slope Based on the Reduction of Water Content Intensity

The calculation of the factor of safety(FOS)is an important means of slope evaluation.This paper proposed an improved double strength reductionmethod(DRM)to analyze the safety of layered slopes.The physical properties of different soil layers of the slopes are different,so the single coefficient strength reduction method(SRM)is not enough to reflect the actual critical state of the slopes.Considering that the water content of the soil in the natural state is the main factor for the strength of the soil,the attenuation law of shear strength of clayey soil changing with water content is fitted.This paper also establishes the functional relationship between different reduction coefficients.Then,a USDFLD subroutine is programmed using the secondary development function of finite element software.Controlling the relationship between field variables and calculation time realizes double strength reduction applicable to the layered slope.Finally,by comparing the calculation results of different examples,it is proved that the stress and displacement distribution of the critical slope state obtained by the improved method is more realistic,and the calculated safety factor is more reliable.The newly proposedmethod considers the difference of intensity attenuation between different soil layers under natural conditions and avoids the disadvantage of the strength reduction method with uniform parameters,which provides a new idea and method for stability analysis of layered and complex slopes.

Twin fetuses associated with double amniotic sacs diagnosed using transvaginal ultrasonography:A case report

BACKGROUND Conjoined twins are a rare twin malformation commonly presenting as single amniotic sac twinning,with double amniotic sac twinning being extremely rare and poorly reported.Most conjoined twins are females.CASE SUMMARY A woman of childbearing age conceived naturally,and at 8 wk of gestation,transvaginal ultrasonography showed an embryo and cardiac tube pulsation in both amniotic sacs.On dynamic observation,the two embryos were connected in the lower abdomen,with restricted movement.A repeat transvaginal ultrasound at 11 wk showed that the intestinal tubes of both fetuses were connected in the lower abdomen.The pregnancy was terminated and labor was induced.CONCLUSION Transvaginal ultrasound may detect conjoined twin malformations in an early stage.Our case provides diagnostic insights for ultrasonographers and can help develop early therapeutic interventions.

Double plasma molecular adsorption system for Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis:A case report

BACKGROUND Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis(SJS/TEN)are very serious skin allergies,with an etiology related to infections and medication.Since the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 has also been considered to cause SJS/TEN.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a woman in her thirties who took acetaminophen after contracting COVID-19.After 3 d of fever relief,she experienced high fever and presented with SJS/TEN symptoms,accompanied by intrahepatic cholestasis.Three days of corticosteroid treatment did not alleviate the skin damage;therefore,double plasma molecular adsorption system(DPMAS)therapy was initiated,with treatment intervals of 48 h.Her skin symptoms improved gradually and were resolved after seven DPMAS treatments.CONCLUSION DPMAS therapy is beneficial for abrogating SJS/TEN because plasma adsorption and perfusion techniques reduce the inflammatory mediators(e.g.,tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 and-12)speculated to be involved in the pathology of the skin conditions.

Gestational diabetes mellitus combined with fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus, four cases of double diabetes: A case report

BACKGROUND Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus(FT1DM)that occurs during pregnancy or the perinatal period is known as pregnancy-related FT1DM(PF),always without history of abnormal glucose metabolism.Here,we present four patients who developed FT1DM during treatment but were first diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).CASE SUMMARY The clinical data of four patients with GDM combined with FT1DM admitted to our hospital between July 2018 and April 2021 were collected,and the patients and their infants were followed up.All patients were diagnosed with GDM during the second trimester and were treated.The blood glucose level elevated suddenly during the third trimester and then were diagnosed with FT1DM.Two patients had an insulin allergy,and two had symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection before onset.One patient developed ketoacidosis,and three developed ketosis.Two patients had cesarean section deliveries,and two had vaginal deliveries.The growth and development of the infants were normal.C-peptide levels were lower than those at onset,suggesting progressive impairment of islet function.The frequencies of the DRB109:01,DQB103:03,DQA103:02,DPA101:03,DPA102:02,DPB105:01,DRB401:03,G 01:01,and G 01:04 human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-G alleles were high in the present study.CONCLUSION In comparison with pregnancy-associated FT1DM(PF),patients with GDM combined with FT1DM had an older age of onset,higher body mass index,slower onset,fewer prodromal symptoms,and less acidosis.The pathogenesis may be due to various factors affecting the already fragileβ-cells of GDM patients with genetically susceptible class II HLA genotypes.We speculate that GDM combined with FT1DM during pregnancy,referred to as“double diabetes,”is a subtype of PF with its own unique characteristics that should be investigated further.

Smart Interfacing between Co-Fe Layered Double Hydroxide and Graphitic Carbon Nitride for High-efficiency Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction

Bimetallic compounds such as hydrotalcite-type layered double hydroxides(LDHs)are promising electrocatalysts owing to their unique electronic structures.However,their abilities toward nitrogen adsorption and reduction are undermined since the surface-mantled,electronegative-OH groups hinder the charge transfer between transition metal atoms and nitrogen molecules.Herein,a smart interfacing strategy is proposed to construct a coupled heterointerface between LDH and 2D g-C_(3)N_(4),which is proven by density functional theory(DFT)investigations to be favorable for nitrogen adsorption and ammonia desorption compared with neat LDH surface.The interfaced LDH and g-C_(3)N_(4) is further hybridized with a self-standing TiO_(2) nanofibrous membrane(NM)to maximize the interfacial effect owing to its high porosity and large surface area.Profited from the synergistic superiorities of the three components,the LDH@C_(3)N_(4)@TiO_(2) NM delivers superior ammonia yield(2.07×10^(−9) mol s^(−1) cm^(−2))and Faradaic efficiency(25.3%),making it a high-efficiency,noble-metal-free catalyst system toward electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction.

A Review of the Application of Process Evaluation in Junior High School English Teaching under “Double Reduction”

The “Double Reduction” policy is not only to reduce the excessive learning burden of students, but also to improve the quality of students’ learning and to promote their overall development. In order to achieve the goal of the “Double Reduction” policy, it is necessary to focus on the implementation of measures to strengthen process evaluation as proposed in the “General Plan for Deepening Education Evaluation Reform in a New Era”. Therefore, the article will analyze the current situation of the research from three aspects: the connotation of “Double Reduction” and process evaluation, process evaluation under “Double Reduction” and process evaluation in English teaching, and look forward to the future development trend, with the aim of implementing the “Double Reduction” policy and giving full play to process evaluation. The aim is to implement the policy of “Double Reduction” and give full play to the role of process evaluation, so as to effectively guide the practice of English teaching.

Multi-Dimensional Analysis of China’s“Double Reduction” Policy

Under China’s“Double Reduction”policy,although the educational pressure has somewhat reduced,the mechanism of talent selection through examinations still exists,which means competition remains,leading to the internalization of education.This article analyzes the challenges faced by the“Double Reduction”policy from historical and current perspectives.The reasons for the internalization of education are examined and four recommendations for the further implementation of the“Double Reduction”policy are presented.

The Role of Mathematics in STEAM Education under the“Double Reduction”Policy

This essay delves into the pivotal role of mathematics within the context of STEAM(science,technology,engineering,arts,and mathematics)education under China’s“Double Reduction”policy.Amidst a shifting global education landscape that emphasizes holistic growth,policies such as the“Double Reduction”strategy underscore the significance of well-rounded development alongside academic excellence.By advocating for a balanced approach to education,the policy resonates with the principles of STEAM education,which seeks to cultivate versatile and innovative individuals.Mathematics,acting as a unifying force,connects disparate STEAM disciplines,fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and preparing students to thrive in a rapidly evolving,technology-driven world.This essay provides an in-depth exploration of the multifaceted role of mathematics in STEAM education,drawing on specific cases and scholarly references to highlight its contributions to creativity,critical thinking,and holistic development.

Price Mechanism,Government Constraints and Carbon Trading Pilot Policy for Emission Reduction

Based on the data of 247 cities at the prefecture level in China from 2007 to 2019,this paper analyzes the impact of the carbon emissions trading(CET)pilot policy on carbon emission reduction from the perspective of the price mechanism and government constraints.The results show that the carbon emissions and carbon intensity in the pilot areas are significantly reduced by adjusting the industrial structure and promoting green technology innovation.In terms of regions,the emission reduction effect of the pilot policy in regions with a high proportion of industry is obviously weaker than that in other regions.The aim of the carbon emission trading policy in China that achieve carbon emission reduction is by coordinating the carbon emission trading price that fail to fulfill this aim independently and the degree of government punishment for enterprises.

Goals and Key Technology of Fertilizer-pesticide "Double Reduction" and Synergism for Greenhouse Strawberry

In order to develop green good, reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, realize ＂double reduction＂ and synergism, improve safety and quality of products, protect the ecological environment and promote the healthy and steady development of strawberry industry, the goals and key technology of fertilizer-pesticide ＂double reduction＂ and synergism for greenhouse strawberry are summed up in this paper targeting at the current situation of strawberry production and combined with the new technology achievements at home and abroad. The key technology includes six items： healthy seedling cultivating technique, soil improvement and continuous cropping obstacle treatment technique, agricultural ecological prevention tech- nique, physicochemical trap of pest control technique, biological control technique and low residual risk chemical control technique.

A strength reduction method based on double reduction parameters and its application

In the traditional strength reduction method,the cohesion and the friction angle adopt the same reduction parameter,resulting in equivalent proportional reduction.This method does not consider the different effects of the cohesion and friction angle on the stability of the same slope and is defective to some extent.Regarding this defect,a strength reduction method based on double reduction parameters,which adopts different reduction parameters,is proposed.The core of the double-parameter reduction method is the matching reduction principle of the slope with different angles.This principle is represented by the ratio of the reduction parameter of the cohesion to that of the friction angle,described as η.With the increase in the slopeangle,ηincreases; in particular,when the slope angle is 45°,tηis 1.0.Through the matching reduction principle,different safety margin factors can be calculated for the cohesion and friction angle.In combination with these two safety margin factors,a formula for calculating the overall safety factor of the slope is proposed,reflecting the different contributions of the cohesion and friction angle to the slope stability.Finally,it is shown that the strength reduction method based on double reduction parameters acquires a larger safety factor than the classic limit equilibrium method,but the calculation results are very close to those obtained by the limit equilibrium method.

A new double reduction method for slope stability analysis

The core of strength reduction method(SRM) involves finding a critical strength curve that happens to make the slope globally fail and a definition of factor of safety(FOS). A new double reduction method, including a detailed calculation procedure and a definition of FOS for slope stability was developed based on the understanding of SRM. When constructing the new definition of FOS, efforts were made to make sure that it has concise physical meanings and fully reflects the shear strength of the slope. Two examples, slopes A and B with the slope angles of 63° and 34° respectively, were given to verify the method presented. It is found that, for these two slopes, the FOSs from original strength reduction method are respectively 1.5% and 38% higher than those from double reduction method. It is also found that the double reduction method predicts a deeper potential slide line and a larger slide mass. These results show that on one hand, the double reduction method is comparative to the traditional methods and is reasonable, and on the other hand, the original strength reduction method may overestimate the safety of a slope. The method presented is advised to be considered as an additional option in the practical slope stability evaluations although more useful experience is required.

Crystallographic texture and earing behavior analysis for different second cold reductions of double-reduction tinplate

Since the production of tinplate with non-earing properties is difficult, especially when it is produced via the double-reduction process, the optimal degree of second cold reduction is particularly important for achieving desirable drawing properties. The evolution of texture and the earing propensity of double-reduction tinplate with different extents of second reduction were investigated in this study. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the changes in the microstructure at various extents of reduction. Two common testing methods, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and electron backscatter diffraction, were used to investigate the texture of the specimens, which revealed the effects of deformation percentage on the final texture development and the change in the grain boundary. The earing rate was determined via earing tests involving measurement of the height of any ear. The results obtained from both XRD analyses and earing tests revealed the same ideal value for the second cold reduction on the basis of the relationship between crystallographic texture and the degree of earing.

Tuning the selectivity of photoreduction of CO2 to syngas over Pd/layered double hydroxide nanosheets under visible light up to 600 nm

Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2 O to syngas is an effective way for producing high value-added chemical feedstocks such as methanol and light olefins in industry.Nevertheless,the precise control of CO/H2 ratio from photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction still poses a great challenge for the further application.Herein,we prepared a series of highly efficient heterostructure based on highly dispersed palladium supported on ultrathin Co Al-layered double hydroxide(LDH).In conjunction with a Ru-complex sensitizer,the molar ratios of CO/H2 can be tuned from 1:0.74 to 1:3 under visible-light irradiation(λ>400 nm).More interestingly,the syngas can be obtained under light irradiation atλ>600 nm.Structure characterization and density functional theory calculations revealed that the remarkable catalytic activity can be due to the supported palladium,which improved the charge transfer efficiency.Meanwhile,more H atoms were used to generate H2 on the supported palladium for further tunable CO/H2 ratio.This work demonstrates a new strategy for harnessing abundant solar-energy to produce syngas from a CO2 feedstock.

A Giant Granuloma of the Vocal Process after Double-Lumen Bronchial Catheter Insertion: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Double-lumen endotracheal (DLT) is commonly used for one-lung ventilation and lung separation during thoracic surgery. There are case reports of medically induced laryngeal granulomas, mainly in patients after single-lumen endotracheal (SLT) tube intubation and tracheotomy, and giant granulomas of the vocal cords due to double-lumen bronchial tube insertion have rarely been reported. Case presentation: A 49-year-old female patient underwent single-port thoracoscopy after DLT intubation as well as a wedge resection of the lower lobe of the left lung, which caused giant vocal process granulomas (VPGs) postoperatively. Based on a retrospective analysis of the general condition, current medical history, past medical history, and visual laryngoscopic observation of the vocal folds tissue, which ruled out preoperative vocal fold granuloma formation, we hypothesized that double-lumen bronchial catheter intubation may have been the primary cause of her vocal fold granuloma formation. Conclusions: Giant granuloma of the vocal folds after DLT insertion is a rare postoperative complication;therefore, if DLT intubation is to be performed, the anesthesiologist should choose an appropriate intubation plan and deal with it promptly to avoid the risk factors to ensure that the patient’s perioperative period is safe and smooth. In addition, if postoperative complications are encountered, they should be followed up and observed on time.

Limit equilibrium method(LEM) of slope stability and calculation of comprehensive factor of safety with double strength-reduction technique

When the slope is in critical limit equilibrium(LE) state, the strength parameters have different contribution to each other on maintaining slope stability. That is to say that the strength parameters are not simultaneously reduced. Hence, the LE stress method is established to analyze the slope stability by employing the double strengthreduction(DSR) technique in this work. For calculation model of slope stability under the DSR technique, the general nonlinear Mohr–Coulomb(M–C) criterion is used to describe the shear failure of slope. Meanwhile, the average and polar diameter methods via the DSR technique are both adopted to calculate the comprehensive factor of safety(FOS) of slope. To extend the application of the polar diameter method, the original method is improved in the proposed method. After comparison and analysis on some slope examples, the proposed method's feasibility is verified. Thereafter, the stability charts of slope suitable for engineering application are drawn. Moreover, the studies show that:(1) the average method yields similar results as that of the polardiameter method;(2) compared with the traditional uniform strength-reduction(USR) technique, the slope stability obtained using the DSR techniquetends to be more unsafe; and(3) for a slope in the critical LE state, the strength parameter φ, i.e., internal friction angle, has greater contribution on the slope stability than the strength parameters c, i.e., cohesion.

Effect Analysis of "One Prevention Double Reduction" of Aerial Control in Corn Fields in Daiyue District, Tai’an City

The main technical content of full mechanized corn production in Daiyue District is explained,and the problems of disease and insect pest control in the middle and late growth stage of corn in full mechanized production are analyzed."One prevention double reduction"of corn performed by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)and self-propelled sprayer is compared and analyzed,and some suggestions are put forward for further popularization and application of full mechanized corn production.

Analysis of the Influence and Countermeasures of China’s New Educational Policy“Double Reduction”-Take an After-School English Training Institution as an Example

Recently,the Chinese government has published a new policy,called“Double Reduction”,addressing the problems of the workloads of the students under high school,and in the after-school training institution.Under this current situation,many after-school training institutions are confronting serious difficulties,even have to shut down and exit the market.Thus,it is of great significance to carefully analyze and discuss the influence on a certain case and its countermeasures.The article discusses the background of the“Double Reduction”policy,which is exam-oriented education,quality-oriented education,and education modernization.The article analyzes the influence and countermeasures of the“Double Reduction”on a medium size after-school English training institution in Wenzhou,Zhejiang,China.By using the method of interview,this article presents specific data about the influence and detailed plans of transition.

The Correlation Study between Thinking Styles and English-Speaking Learning Strategies of Junior School Students under the Background of “Double Reduction” Policy

Based on Cognitive Style Theory,Oxford’s Speaking Learning Theory and Communicative Competence Theory,this paper adopts questionnaire method,uses Sternberg’s Thinking Style Inventory modified by Zhang Lifang,as well as Oxford’s Learning Strategies Scale,and combines with the actual situation of junior high school students’oral learning to design the questionnaire of speaking learning strategies.Eighth graders of a junior middle school in Sichuan Province are randomly selected as the research object.The statistical tool SPSS23.0 is used to conduct the descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation analysis of the questionnaire results to explore the overall situation of junior high school students’thinking styles and the use of English-speaking learning strategies as well as their correlation.According to the research,junior high school students generally tend to executive style,liberal style,conservative style,legislative style,hierarchic style.The use of speaking learning strategies is at an average level.They tend to use memory speaking strategies,social speaking strategies,affective speaking strategies,and cognitive speaking strategies.As a whole,there is a relatively significant correlation between thinking styles and speaking learning strategies.Specifically,there is a partial correlation between thinking styles and speaking learning strategies.

Self-supported ultrathin NiCo layered double hydroxides nanosheets electrode for efficient electrosynthesis of formate

Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction into energy-carrying compounds,such as formate,is of great importance for carbon neutrality,which however suffers from high electrical energy input and liquid products crossover.Herein,we fabricated self-supported ultrathin NiCo layered double hydroxides(LDHs)electrodes as anode for methanol electrooxidation to achieve a high formate production rate(5.89 mmol h^(-1)cm^(-2))coupled with CO_(2)electro-reduction at the cathode.A total formate faradic efficiency of both anode for methanol oxidation and cathode for CO_(2)reduction can reach up to 188%driven by a low cell potential of only 2.06 V at 100 mA cm^(-2)in membrane-electrode assembly(MEA).Physical characterizations demonstrated that Ni^(3+)species,formed on the electrochemical oxidation of Ni-containing hydroxide,acted as catalytically active species for the oxidation of methanol to formate.Furthermore,DFT calculations revealed that ultrathin LDHs were beneficial for the formation of Ni^(3+)in hydroxides and introducing oxygen vacancy in NiCo-LDH could decrease the energy barrier of the rate-determining step for methanol oxidation.This work presents a promising approach for fabricating advanced electrodes towards electrocatalytic reactions.