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A Calculation Method of Double Strength Reduction for Layered Slope Based on the Reduction of Water Content Intensity
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作者 Feng Shen Yang Zhao +1 位作者 Bingyi Li Kai Wu 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第1期221-243,共23页
The calculation of the factor of safety(FOS)is an important means of slope evaluation.This paper proposed an improved double strength reductionmethod(DRM)to analyze the safety of layered slopes.The physical properties... The calculation of the factor of safety(FOS)is an important means of slope evaluation.This paper proposed an improved double strength reductionmethod(DRM)to analyze the safety of layered slopes.The physical properties of different soil layers of the slopes are different,so the single coefficient strength reduction method(SRM)is not enough to reflect the actual critical state of the slopes.Considering that the water content of the soil in the natural state is the main factor for the strength of the soil,the attenuation law of shear strength of clayey soil changing with water content is fitted.This paper also establishes the functional relationship between different reduction coefficients.Then,a USDFLD subroutine is programmed using the secondary development function of finite element software.Controlling the relationship between field variables and calculation time realizes double strength reduction applicable to the layered slope.Finally,by comparing the calculation results of different examples,it is proved that the stress and displacement distribution of the critical slope state obtained by the improved method is more realistic,and the calculated safety factor is more reliable.The newly proposedmethod considers the difference of intensity attenuation between different soil layers under natural conditions and avoids the disadvantage of the strength reduction method with uniform parameters,which provides a new idea and method for stability analysis of layered and complex slopes. 展开更多
关键词 double strength reduction slopes stability water content factor of safety numerical methods
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The Role of Mathematics in STEAM Education under the“Double Reduction”Policy
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作者 Wei Wang Qi Li 《Journal of Educational Theory and Management》 2023年第2期19-24,共6页
This essay delves into the pivotal role of mathematics within the context of STEAM(science,technology,engineering,arts,and mathematics)education under China’s“Double Reduction”policy.Amidst a shifting global educat... This essay delves into the pivotal role of mathematics within the context of STEAM(science,technology,engineering,arts,and mathematics)education under China’s“Double Reduction”policy.Amidst a shifting global education landscape that emphasizes holistic growth,policies such as the“Double Reduction”strategy underscore the significance of well-rounded development alongside academic excellence.By advocating for a balanced approach to education,the policy resonates with the principles of STEAM education,which seeks to cultivate versatile and innovative individuals.Mathematics,acting as a unifying force,connects disparate STEAM disciplines,fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and preparing students to thrive in a rapidly evolving,technology-driven world.This essay provides an in-depth exploration of the multifaceted role of mathematics in STEAM education,drawing on specific cases and scholarly references to highlight its contributions to creativity,critical thinking,and holistic development. 展开更多
关键词 MATHEMATICS STEAM education “double reduction”policy Interdisciplinary collaboration CREATIVITY INNOVATION Holistic learning Technology integration
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Multi-Dimensional Analysis of China’s“Double Reduction” Policy
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作者 Yizhe Li 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2023年第12期220-225,共6页
Under China’s“Double Reduction”policy,although the educational pressure has somewhat reduced,the mechanism of talent selection through examinations still exists,which means competition remains,leading to the intern... Under China’s“Double Reduction”policy,although the educational pressure has somewhat reduced,the mechanism of talent selection through examinations still exists,which means competition remains,leading to the internalization of education.This article analyzes the challenges faced by the“Double Reduction”policy from historical and current perspectives.The reasons for the internalization of education are examined and four recommendations for the further implementation of the“Double Reduction”policy are presented. 展开更多
关键词 China “double reduction”policy Educational reform INTERNALIZATION
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Research on the Well-off Family Education Investment under the Policy of Double Reduction
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作者 Xiaoyu Liu Yi Dai +1 位作者 Mingzhe Li Zixin Ye 《教育技术与创新》 2023年第4期43-58,共16页
Chinese education is like a large competitive game in the past time,with a lot of over-step learning and pre-emptive education increasing the extra—curricular pressure on primary and secondary school students day by ... Chinese education is like a large competitive game in the past time,with a lot of over-step learning and pre-emptive education increasing the extra—curricular pressure on primary and secondary school students day by day.In 2021,the national"double reduction"policy was implemented,and in 2022,the"Family Education Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China"was introduced.With the combined effect of"one government,one law",the status and role of family education have become more prominent,so it is of great practical significance to understand the education investment behavior of Chinese families.Therefore,this study is a case study of three students and their families from different schools in Weifang,Shandong Province in China.Through semi-structured interviews,this paper discusses the educational investment of well-off families after the implementation of the double reduction policy.The results show that art-related learning content dominates the education expenditure of well-off families after the implementation of the double-reducing policy,while cultural tutoring decreases.Becasue of(a)parents mainly want to cultivate their children's interests and hobbies or provide guidance for weak subjects;(b)the lack of understanding of the double reduction policy,leading to parents and students blindly follow the trend,increasing the pressure of students and parents'anxiety.This study focuses on the feelings of students and parents after the implementation of the double reduction policy,and attaches importance to the problems arising after the implementation of the policy.The findings are helpful to provide reference for future research on the educational investment of wealthy families after the implementation of the double reduction policy. 展开更多
关键词 Family upbringing Affluent household Educational investment The policy of dual reduction
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Smart Interfacing between Co-Fe Layered Double Hydroxide and Graphitic Carbon Nitride for High-efficiency Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction
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作者 Xiaohui Wu Lu Tang +5 位作者 Yang Si Chunlan Ma Peng Zhang Jianyong Yu Yitao Liu Bin Ding 《Energy & Environmental Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第2期62-69,共8页
Bimetallic compounds such as hydrotalcite-type layered double hydroxides(LDHs)are promising electrocatalysts owing to their unique electronic structures.However,their abilities toward nitrogen adsorption and reduction... Bimetallic compounds such as hydrotalcite-type layered double hydroxides(LDHs)are promising electrocatalysts owing to their unique electronic structures.However,their abilities toward nitrogen adsorption and reduction are undermined since the surface-mantled,electronegative-OH groups hinder the charge transfer between transition metal atoms and nitrogen molecules.Herein,a smart interfacing strategy is proposed to construct a coupled heterointerface between LDH and 2D g-C_(3)N_(4),which is proven by density functional theory(DFT)investigations to be favorable for nitrogen adsorption and ammonia desorption compared with neat LDH surface.The interfaced LDH and g-C_(3)N_(4) is further hybridized with a self-standing TiO_(2) nanofibrous membrane(NM)to maximize the interfacial effect owing to its high porosity and large surface area.Profited from the synergistic superiorities of the three components,the LDH@C_(3)N_(4)@TiO_(2) NM delivers superior ammonia yield(2.07×10^(−9) mol s^(−1) cm^(−2))and Faradaic efficiency(25.3%),making it a high-efficiency,noble-metal-free catalyst system toward electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction. 展开更多
关键词 density functional theory electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction graphitic carbon nitride interface engineering layered double hydroxide
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A Review of the Application of Process Evaluation in Junior High School English Teaching under “Double Reduction”
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作者 Lu Wang 《Open Journal of Applied Sciences》 2023年第10期1681-1688,共8页
The “Double Reduction” policy is not only to reduce the excessive learning burden of students, but also to improve the quality of students’ learning and to promote their overall development. In order to achieve the... The “Double Reduction” policy is not only to reduce the excessive learning burden of students, but also to improve the quality of students’ learning and to promote their overall development. In order to achieve the goal of the “Double Reduction” policy, it is necessary to focus on the implementation of measures to strengthen process evaluation as proposed in the “General Plan for Deepening Education Evaluation Reform in a New Era”. Therefore, the article will analyze the current situation of the research from three aspects: the connotation of “Double Reduction” and process evaluation, process evaluation under “Double Reduction” and process evaluation in English teaching, and look forward to the future development trend, with the aim of implementing the “Double Reduction” policy and giving full play to process evaluation. The aim is to implement the policy of “Double Reduction” and give full play to the role of process evaluation, so as to effectively guide the practice of English teaching. 展开更多
关键词 double reduction Process Evaluation Middle School English
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Crystallographic texture and earing behavior analysis for different second cold reductions of double-reduction tinplate 被引量:4
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作者 Lu-hai Liao Xiao-fei Zheng +3 位作者 Yong-lin Kang Wei Liu Yan Yan Zhi-ying Mo 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第6期652-662,共11页
Since the production of tinplate with non-earing properties is difficult, especially when it is produced via the double-reduction process, the optimal degree of second cold reduction is particularly important for achi... Since the production of tinplate with non-earing properties is difficult, especially when it is produced via the double-reduction process, the optimal degree of second cold reduction is particularly important for achieving desirable drawing properties. The evolution of texture and the earing propensity of double-reduction tinplate with different extents of second reduction were investigated in this study. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the changes in the microstructure at various extents of reduction. Two common testing methods, X-ray diffraction(XRD) and electron backscatter diffraction, were used to investigate the texture of the specimens, which revealed the effects of deformation percentage on the final texture development and the change in the grain boundary. The earing rate was determined via earing tests involving measurement of the height of any ear. The results obtained from both XRD analyses and earing tests revealed the same ideal value for the second cold reduction on the basis of the relationship between crystallographic texture and the degree of earing. 展开更多
关键词 double reduced tinplate crystallographic texture EARING second cold reduction
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Analysis of the Influence and Countermeasures of China’s New Educational Policy“Double Reduction”-Take an After-School English Training Institution as an Example
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作者 LIN Xinyu 《Psychology Research》 2022年第1期29-34,共6页
Recently,the Chinese government has published a new policy,called“Double Reduction”,addressing the problems of the workloads of the students under high school,and in the after-school training institution.Under this ... Recently,the Chinese government has published a new policy,called“Double Reduction”,addressing the problems of the workloads of the students under high school,and in the after-school training institution.Under this current situation,many after-school training institutions are confronting serious difficulties,even have to shut down and exit the market.Thus,it is of great significance to carefully analyze and discuss the influence on a certain case and its countermeasures.The article discusses the background of the“Double Reduction”policy,which is exam-oriented education,quality-oriented education,and education modernization.The article analyzes the influence and countermeasures of the“Double Reduction”on a medium size after-school English training institution in Wenzhou,Zhejiang,China.By using the method of interview,this article presents specific data about the influence and detailed plans of transition. 展开更多
关键词 test-oriented education quality-oriented education educational modernization “double reduction”policy
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The Correlation Study between Thinking Styles and English-Speaking Learning Strategies of Junior School Students under the Background of “Double Reduction” Policy
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作者 Dan Ren 《教育研究前沿(中英文版)》 2022年第1期38-47,共10页
Based on Cognitive Style Theory,Oxford’s Speaking Learning Theory and Communicative Competence Theory,this paper adopts questionnaire method,uses Sternberg’s Thinking Style Inventory modified by Zhang Lifang,as well... Based on Cognitive Style Theory,Oxford’s Speaking Learning Theory and Communicative Competence Theory,this paper adopts questionnaire method,uses Sternberg’s Thinking Style Inventory modified by Zhang Lifang,as well as Oxford’s Learning Strategies Scale,and combines with the actual situation of junior high school students’oral learning to design the questionnaire of speaking learning strategies.Eighth graders of a junior middle school in Sichuan Province are randomly selected as the research object.The statistical tool SPSS23.0 is used to conduct the descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation analysis of the questionnaire results to explore the overall situation of junior high school students’thinking styles and the use of English-speaking learning strategies as well as their correlation.According to the research,junior high school students generally tend to executive style,liberal style,conservative style,legislative style,hierarchic style.The use of speaking learning strategies is at an average level.They tend to use memory speaking strategies,social speaking strategies,affective speaking strategies,and cognitive speaking strategies.As a whole,there is a relatively significant correlation between thinking styles and speaking learning strategies.Specifically,there is a partial correlation between thinking styles and speaking learning strategies. 展开更多
关键词 “double reduction”policy Thinking Styles Speaking Learning Strategies Descriptive Analysis Correlation Analysis
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Goals and Key Technology of Fertilizer-pesticide "Double Reduction" and Synergism for Greenhouse Strawberry
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作者 王建华 成玮 +1 位作者 邬劼 吉沐祥 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2017年第11期2113-2117,2122,共6页
In order to develop green good, reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, realize "double reduction" and synergism, improve safety and quality of products, protect the ecological environment and promote t... In order to develop green good, reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, realize "double reduction" and synergism, improve safety and quality of products, protect the ecological environment and promote the healthy and steady development of strawberry industry, the goals and key technology of fertilizer-pesticide "double reduction" and synergism for greenhouse strawberry are summed up in this paper targeting at the current situation of strawberry production and combined with the new technology achievements at home and abroad. The key technology includes six items: healthy seedling cultivating technique, soil improvement and continuous cropping obstacle treatment technique, agricultural ecological prevention tech- nique, physicochemical trap of pest control technique, biological control technique and low residual risk chemical control technique. 展开更多
关键词 Greenhouse strawberry Green development double reduction" and synergism Technology target Key technology
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Self-supported ultrathin NiCo layered double hydroxides nanosheets electrode for efficient electrosynthesis of formate 被引量:1
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作者 Haoyuan Chi Jianlong Lin +6 位作者 Siyu Kuang Minglu Li Hai Liu Qun Fan Tianxiang Yan Sheng Zhang Xinbin Ma 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第10期267-275,I0008,共10页
Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction into energy-carrying compounds,such as formate,is of great importance for carbon neutrality,which however suffers from high electrical energy input and liquid products crossover.Herein,... Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction into energy-carrying compounds,such as formate,is of great importance for carbon neutrality,which however suffers from high electrical energy input and liquid products crossover.Herein,we fabricated self-supported ultrathin NiCo layered double hydroxides(LDHs)electrodes as anode for methanol electrooxidation to achieve a high formate production rate(5.89 mmol h^(-1)cm^(-2))coupled with CO_(2)electro-reduction at the cathode.A total formate faradic efficiency of both anode for methanol oxidation and cathode for CO_(2)reduction can reach up to 188%driven by a low cell potential of only 2.06 V at 100 mA cm^(-2)in membrane-electrode assembly(MEA).Physical characterizations demonstrated that Ni^(3+)species,formed on the electrochemical oxidation of Ni-containing hydroxide,acted as catalytically active species for the oxidation of methanol to formate.Furthermore,DFT calculations revealed that ultrathin LDHs were beneficial for the formation of Ni^(3+)in hydroxides and introducing oxygen vacancy in NiCo-LDH could decrease the energy barrier of the rate-determining step for methanol oxidation.This work presents a promising approach for fabricating advanced electrodes towards electrocatalytic reactions. 展开更多
关键词 CO_(2)reduction Methanol oxidation reaction FORMATE Layered double hydroxides Oxygen vacancies
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A strength reduction method based on double reduction parameters and its application 被引量:39
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作者 袁维 白冰 +1 位作者 李小春 汪海滨 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2013年第9期2555-2562,共8页
In the traditional strength reduction method,the cohesion and the friction angle adopt the same reduction parameter,resulting in equivalent proportional reduction.This method does not consider the different effects of... In the traditional strength reduction method,the cohesion and the friction angle adopt the same reduction parameter,resulting in equivalent proportional reduction.This method does not consider the different effects of the cohesion and friction angle on the stability of the same slope and is defective to some extent.Regarding this defect,a strength reduction method based on double reduction parameters,which adopts different reduction parameters,is proposed.The core of the double-parameter reduction method is the matching reduction principle of the slope with different angles.This principle is represented by the ratio of the reduction parameter of the cohesion to that of the friction angle,described as η.With the increase in the slopeangle,ηincreases; in particular,when the slope angle is 45°,tηis 1.0.Through the matching reduction principle,different safety margin factors can be calculated for the cohesion and friction angle.In combination with these two safety margin factors,a formula for calculating the overall safety factor of the slope is proposed,reflecting the different contributions of the cohesion and friction angle to the slope stability.Finally,it is shown that the strength reduction method based on double reduction parameters acquires a larger safety factor than the classic limit equilibrium method,but the calculation results are very close to those obtained by the limit equilibrium method. 展开更多
关键词 double reduction parameter strength reduction method matching reduction principle slope stability
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A new double reduction method for slope stability analysis 被引量:15
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作者 白冰 袁维 李小春 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2014年第3期1158-1164,共7页
The core of strength reduction method(SRM) involves finding a critical strength curve that happens to make the slope globally fail and a definition of factor of safety(FOS). A new double reduction method, including a ... The core of strength reduction method(SRM) involves finding a critical strength curve that happens to make the slope globally fail and a definition of factor of safety(FOS). A new double reduction method, including a detailed calculation procedure and a definition of FOS for slope stability was developed based on the understanding of SRM. When constructing the new definition of FOS, efforts were made to make sure that it has concise physical meanings and fully reflects the shear strength of the slope. Two examples, slopes A and B with the slope angles of 63° and 34° respectively, were given to verify the method presented. It is found that, for these two slopes, the FOSs from original strength reduction method are respectively 1.5% and 38% higher than those from double reduction method. It is also found that the double reduction method predicts a deeper potential slide line and a larger slide mass. These results show that on one hand, the double reduction method is comparative to the traditional methods and is reasonable, and on the other hand, the original strength reduction method may overestimate the safety of a slope. The method presented is advised to be considered as an additional option in the practical slope stability evaluations although more useful experience is required. 展开更多
关键词 slope stability strength reduction method double strength reduction method factor of safety limit equilibrium method
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Tuning the selectivity of photoreduction of CO2 to syngas over Pd/layered double hydroxide nanosheets under visible light up to 600 nm 被引量:5
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作者 Xian Wang Zelin Wang +8 位作者 Ya Bai Ling Tan Yanqi Xu Xiaojie Hao Jikang Wang Abdul Hanif Mahadi Yufei Zhao Lirong Zheng Yu-Fei Song 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2020年第7期1-7,I0001,共8页
Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2 O to syngas is an effective way for producing high value-added chemical feedstocks such as methanol and light olefins in industry.Nevertheless,the precise control of CO/H2 ratio... Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2 O to syngas is an effective way for producing high value-added chemical feedstocks such as methanol and light olefins in industry.Nevertheless,the precise control of CO/H2 ratio from photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction still poses a great challenge for the further application.Herein,we prepared a series of highly efficient heterostructure based on highly dispersed palladium supported on ultrathin Co Al-layered double hydroxide(LDH).In conjunction with a Ru-complex sensitizer,the molar ratios of CO/H2 can be tuned from 1:0.74 to 1:3 under visible-light irradiation(λ>400 nm).More interestingly,the syngas can be obtained under light irradiation atλ>600 nm.Structure characterization and density functional theory calculations revealed that the remarkable catalytic activity can be due to the supported palladium,which improved the charge transfer efficiency.Meanwhile,more H atoms were used to generate H2 on the supported palladium for further tunable CO/H2 ratio.This work demonstrates a new strategy for harnessing abundant solar-energy to produce syngas from a CO2 feedstock. 展开更多
关键词 SYNGAS CO2 reduction Layered double hydroxide Visible light
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Limit equilibrium method(LEM) of slope stability and calculation of comprehensive factor of safety with double strength-reduction technique 被引量:14
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作者 DENG Dong-ping LI Liang ZHAO Lian-heng 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第11期2311-2324,共14页
When the slope is in critical limit equilibrium(LE) state, the strength parameters have different contribution to each other on maintaining slope stability. That is to say that the strength parameters are not simultan... When the slope is in critical limit equilibrium(LE) state, the strength parameters have different contribution to each other on maintaining slope stability. That is to say that the strength parameters are not simultaneously reduced. Hence, the LE stress method is established to analyze the slope stability by employing the double strengthreduction(DSR) technique in this work. For calculation model of slope stability under the DSR technique, the general nonlinear Mohr–Coulomb(M–C) criterion is used to describe the shear failure of slope. Meanwhile, the average and polar diameter methods via the DSR technique are both adopted to calculate the comprehensive factor of safety(FOS) of slope. To extend the application of the polar diameter method, the original method is improved in the proposed method. After comparison and analysis on some slope examples, the proposed method's feasibility is verified. Thereafter, the stability charts of slope suitable for engineering application are drawn. Moreover, the studies show that:(1) the average method yields similar results as that of the polardiameter method;(2) compared with the traditional uniform strength-reduction(USR) technique, the slope stability obtained using the DSR techniquetends to be more unsafe; and(3) for a slope in the critical LE state, the strength parameter φ, i.e., internal friction angle, has greater contribution on the slope stability than the strength parameters c, i.e., cohesion. 展开更多
关键词 SLOPE STABILITY Nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) criterion double strength-reduction(DSR) technique SLOPE COMPREHENSIVE Factor ofSafety (FOS) STABILITY charts
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Effect Analysis of "One Prevention Double Reduction" of Aerial Control in Corn Fields in Daiyue District, Tai’an City
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作者 Juqing GE 《Plant Diseases and Pests》 CAS 2022年第1期15-17,共3页
The main technical content of full mechanized corn production in Daiyue District is explained,and the problems of disease and insect pest control in the middle and late growth stage of corn in full mechanized producti... The main technical content of full mechanized corn production in Daiyue District is explained,and the problems of disease and insect pest control in the middle and late growth stage of corn in full mechanized production are analyzed."One prevention double reduction"of corn performed by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)and self-propelled sprayer is compared and analyzed,and some suggestions are put forward for further popularization and application of full mechanized corn production. 展开更多
关键词 CORN Full mechanized production Aerial control One prevention double reduction
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Bimolecular reduction of carbon dioxide: double synthons for alkynes trifunctionalization
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作者 Wenfang Xiong Xiaobin Tan +5 位作者 Hongjian Liu Baiyao Zhu Jinwu Zhao Jianxiao Li Chaorong Qi Huanfeng Jiang 《Science China Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期841-847,共7页
Carbon dioxide reduction, as a sustainable and versatile strategy for the access of chemical fuels, has attracted increasing attention and enormous efforts have been devoted to it in recent years. However, employing c... Carbon dioxide reduction, as a sustainable and versatile strategy for the access of chemical fuels, has attracted increasing attention and enormous efforts have been devoted to it in recent years. However, employing carbon dioxide as double synthons via bimolecular reduction remains challenging. Here, by leveraging the bimolecular reduction of carbon dioxide to carbonyl and methyl respectively, we describe a Pd-catalyzed trifunctionalization of alkynes with aryl iodide for the first time and showcase its advantages on the formation of various β-diketones and their application in the constructing of heterocyclic compounds with important biological activity, including pyrimidine, oxazole, pyrazole. 展开更多
关键词 carbon dioxide bimolecular reduction trifunctionalization double synthons
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Advances in efficient electrocatalysts based on layered double hydroxides and their derivatives 被引量:11
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作者 Lei Zhou Mingfei Shao +1 位作者 Min Wei Xue Duan 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第6期1094-1106,共13页
The explore and development of electrocatalysts have gained significant attention due to their indispensable status in energy storage and conversion systems, such as fuel cells, metal–air batteries and solar water sp... The explore and development of electrocatalysts have gained significant attention due to their indispensable status in energy storage and conversion systems, such as fuel cells, metal–air batteries and solar water splitting cells. Layered double hydroxides(LDHs) and their derivatives(e.g., transition metal alloys, oxides, sulfides, nitrides and phosphides) have been adopted as catalysts for various electrochemical reactions, such as oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, hydrogen evolution, and COreduction, which show excellent activity and remarkable durability in electrocatalytic process. In this review, the synthesis strategies, structural characters and electrochemical performances for the LDHs and their derivatives are described. In addition, we also discussed the effect of electronic and geometry structures to their electrocatalytic activity. The further development of high-performance electrocatalysts based on LDHs and their derivatives is covered by both a short summary and future outlook from the viewpoint of the material design and practical application. 展开更多
关键词 Layered double hydroxide DERIVATIVES ELECTROCATALYSIS Oxygen reduction Water splitting CO_2 reduction Electronic structure Hierarchical structure Metal–air battery Fuel cell
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Research on the effects of command-and-control and market-oriented policy tools on China's energy conservation and emissions reduction innovation 被引量:2
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作者 Qin Ye Shaoqing Dai Gang Zeng 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2018年第1期1-11,共11页
The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in... The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in academia about the establishment of "weak" and "narrow" versions of PH. Based on the panel data of application for patent of energy conservation and emission reduction(ECER) technology of Chinese city scale during 2008-2014, comprehensive energy price, pollutant emission, etc., mixed regression model and systematic generalized method of moments method were adopted, respectively,to study the impact of market-oriented and command-and-control policy tool on China's ECER technology innovation. The results show that the environmental regulation hindered the technological innovation in the immediate phase; however, it turned out to be positive in the first-lag phase. Hence, the establishment of "weak" PH is time-bounded. The command-and-control policy tool played a more positive role in promoting technological innovation in the first-lag phase than market-oriented policy tool. Therefore, "narrow" PH is not tenable. The reason is that the main participants of China's ECER technology innovation are state-owned companies and public institutions. Regionally speaking, the impact which command-and-control policy tool has on technological innovation at sight was nonsignificant in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China whilst market-oriented policy tool had a negative effect. And market-oriented policy tool in the central region had strongest negative effect, which would diminish in the eastern region and become weakest in the western region. This was related to regional energy consumption level and the market economic vitality. 展开更多
关键词 Environmental regulation command-and-control policy tools market-oriented policy tools emissions reduction INNOVATION
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Chinese Public's Willingness to Pay for CO_2 Emissions Reductions: A Case Study from Four Provinces/Cities 被引量:2
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作者 DUAN Hong-Xia L Yan-Li LI Yan 《Advances in Climate Change Research》 SCIE 2014年第2期100-110,共11页
Contingent Valuation Method(CVM) was used to investigate the Chinese public's willingness to pay(WTP) for a policy to reduce CO2 emissions. Face to face interviews were conducted to collect 1,653 valid questionnai... Contingent Valuation Method(CVM) was used to investigate the Chinese public's willingness to pay(WTP) for a policy to reduce CO2 emissions. Face to face interviews were conducted to collect 1,653 valid questionnaires from Beijing, Shanghai, Shandong province, and Fujian province. A model was constructed to understand the factors that influence WTP. The results indicate that the Chinese public is willing to pay CN 201.86 annually to support the policy of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Participants from Beijing show the highest WTP, followed by participants from Fujian and Shandong, while those from Shanghai report the lowest WTP. The findings reveal that participants with higher income, higher satisfaction with their current life, and awareness of climate issues are willing to pay more for CO2 emissions reductions. In addition, those who are young, male and members of the Communist Party also indicate a higher WTP. The results imply that translating the public's willingness to protect climate into actions should be taken into account in China's low carbon policy. There is a need to consider the difference in degree of willingness, among different social groups, to pay for emissions reductions if the market-based mechanisms such as carbon tax were designed to facilitate emissions reductions. 展开更多
关键词 climate policy CONTINGENT Valuation Method(CVM) WILLINGNESS to pay(WTP) CO2 emissions reductions
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