Reproducibility of optical quality parameters measured at objective and subjective best focuses in a doublepass system

AIMTo evaluate intra-session repeatability and reproducibility of optical quality parameters measured at objective and subjective best focuses in a double-pass system.METHODSThirty Chinese healthy adults (19 to 40 years old) meeting our inclusion criterion were enrolled in the study. After a basic eye examination, two methods of optical quality measurement, based on subjective and objective best focuses were performed using the Optical Quality Analysis System (OQAS) with an artificial pupil diameter of 4.0 mm.RESULTSWith each method, three consecutive measurements of the following parameters: the modulation transfer function cutoff frequency (MTFcutoff), the Strehl2D ratio, the OQAS values (OVs) at contrasts of 100%, 20%, 9% and the objective scatter index (OSI) were performed by an experienced examiner. The repeatability of each method was evaluated by the repeatability limit (RL) and the coefficient of repeatability (COR). Reproducibility of the two methods was evaluated by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and the 95% limits of agreement (Bland and Altman analysis). Thirty subjects, seven females and twenty three males, of whom 15 right eyes and 15 left eyes were selected randomly for recruitment in the study. The RLs (percentage) for the six parameters measured at objective focus and subjective focus ranged from 8.44% to 15.13% and 10.85% to 16.26%, respectively. The CORs for the two measurement methods ranged from 8.27% to 14.83% and 10.63% to 15.93%, respectively. With regard to reproducibility, the ICCs for the six parameters of OQAS ranged from 0.024 to 0.276. The 95% limits of agreement obtained for the six parameters (in comparison of the two methods) ranged from -0.57 to 42.18 (MTFcutoff), -0.01 to 0.23 (Strehl2D ratio), -0.02 to 1.40 (OV100%), -0.10 to 1.75 (OV20%), -0.14 to 1.80 (OV9%) and -1.46 to 0.18 (OSI).CONCLUSIONMeasurements provided by OQAS with either method showed a good repeatability. However, the results obtained from the two different measurement methods showed a poor reproducibility. These findings suggest that it might be best to evaluate patients' optical quality by OQAS using the best focus as chosen automatically by the instrument.

EFFECTS OF SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT ON DRY NURSERY SEEDLING QUALITY OF LATE DOUBLE CROPPING RICE IN SOUTH CHINA

In the present paper, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil moisture content on dry nursery seedling quality in Guangzhou in 1995. Through comparing the difference of dry nursery seedlings and wet nursery seedlings, we found a close relationship between soil moisture content and seedling growth. The seedling emergence of dry nursery seedling was more even, tidy and faster, and the survival rate was higher than that of wet nursery seedling. Dry nursery seedlings had small plant stature, slow leaf stretching speed and low individual seedling dry weight, but had high dry/fresh weight ratio. This was abeneficial factor for seedlings to recover from transplanting shock more quickly. As com-pared with the wet nursery seedlings, dry nursery seedlings had poor rooting ability,but had more vigorous white roots and fewer rust roots. It was the possibly important reasonfor dry nursery seedlings to form strong“explosive force”.

Hybrid Micro-forming Processes and Quality Evaluation of Micro-double Gear

Micro-gear is an important actuating component used widely in the micro electro mechanical systems(MEMS) devices.The technologies of micro-forming and precision assembly are urgently developed to manufacture the micro-double gear with central shaft.In the paper,a novel hy-brid-forming process with two kinds of piercing method have been proposed to manufacture the micro-double gear using micro forming technology.The tests of hybrid forming process were carried out with two steps and the micro-double gear was successfully manufactured with good surface quality.The results also show that the hybrid micro-forming process with central piercing method can improve the defects of inclining shaft generated by double-ended piercing method.The quality evaluation of micro-double gear was conducted with surface roughness,micro-hardness and impact tests.The results show that the micro-double gear with good mechanical properties can meet the requirements of application for milli-machines.

Using Double-Bounded Dichotomous-Choice to Estimate Households’ Willingness to Pay for Improved Water Quality in Bac Ninh Province of Vietnam

This study used double-bounded dichotomous-choice to estimate and analyze the factors affecting households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for water quality improvement. This study notes that households with higher income, living near a polluted water source, using tap water instead of natural water, who are handicraft producers, and who have more members, are willing to pay more. However, households who rarely hear about environmental pollution issues and who are offered a higher bid are more likely to refuse to pay. Solutions to improve water quality are suggested such as to raise people’s awareness through communication channels and social organizations;to increase income associated with environmental protection policies;to construct wastewater treatment plants;to encourage the relocation of production establishments to industrial parks and industrial complexes;to put regulations on collection, payment and sanctions in case of not declaring and paying fees into village conventions;to promulgate circulars, and bylaws to concretize and simplify regulations and policies of the Government and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.

Construction Technology and Quality Control of Double Layer Continuous Paving of Cement Stabilized Macadam Base

The construction method of continuous paving of the upper and lower base of the water stable macadam base can improve the construction efficiency,overcome the quality problems of the traditional layered paving of the upper and lower base,such as untimely curing,slow construction,poor interlayer bonding,contraction joint and interlayer,so as to ensure the construction quality of the water stable macadam.It is also the promotion and application of new technology.

双源CTDoubleflash螺旋扫描模式在评价冠状动脉成像中的应用

目的回顾性比较双源CT Double flash螺旋扫描模式与普通螺旋扫描在评价冠状动脉成像中的应用。方法对101例患者应用Double flash螺旋扫描模式行冠状动脉CT扫描,114例患者应用普通螺旋扫描,分析2种扫描模式容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)、有效辐射剂量(ED)和图像质量;图像质量评价采用4分法:1分为优秀,4分为不能诊断;由2位高年资医师以双盲法单独对所有的冠状动脉段图像进行评价。结果 Double flash螺旋扫描的ED和CTDIvol分别为(1.67±0.39)mSv和(4.92±1.32)mGy,普通螺旋扫描的ED和CTDIvol分别为(5.08±1.419)mSv和(31.68±15.45)mGy,2种扫描模式的ED和CTDIvol比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);Double flash螺旋扫描不可诊断节段比率为0.57%(7/1219)低于普通螺旋扫描冠脉不可诊断节段比率0.72%(10/1381),但2种图像质量评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),60%和30%两个时相图像伪影互补17.8%(18/101)。结论 Double flash扫描模式可明显降低辐射剂量,保证较高诊断的图像质量。

Study and Application of "Three High and One Ensuring" Cultivation Mode of Double Cropping Rice

A set of "three high and one ensuring" cultivation mode of double cropping rice, the core of which was high panicle bearing tiller rate, high seed setting rate, high grain plumpness and ensuring high quality, was explored through many years of research. In this study, the effect of "three high and one ensuring" cultivation mode of double cropping rice was compared and investigated by field experiment and multiple location demonstration. The field experiment indicated that "three high and one ensuring" cultivation mode promoted the vegetative growth during early stage, inhibited the formation of ineffective tillers, promoted the growth of effective tillers and the formation of panicles, improved the panicle bearing tiller rate, increased the total number of spikelets, enhanced the seed setting rate and grain plumpness, increased the grain yield by 12.22%-19.73% at highly significant level, and improved the rice quality. Furthermore, the field demonstration also verified the results of field experiment.

Assessment of Long-Term Compost Application on Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties, as Well as Fertility, of Soil in a Field Subjected to Double Cropping

The aim of this article was to assess the influence of long-term application of compost on the physical, chemical, and biological properties, as well as the fertility, of soil in a field subjected to double cropping (paddy rice and barley), mainly by integrating previous studies of the effects of compost and manure on soil qualities. Continuous compost application, especially at a high level (30 Mg·ha-1·y-1), into the double cropping soils increased the activities of organic C-, N-, and P-decomposing enzymes and the contents of organic C, total N, and microbial biomass N, as well as the cation exchange capacity, thereby contributing to the enhancement of soil fertility. Also, the compost application increased the degree of water-stable soil macroaggregation (>0.25 mm), which was correlated significantly (r > 0.950, p < 0.05) with the contents of hydrolyzable carbohydrates (with negative charge) and active Al (with positive charge), and resulted in the modification of soil physical properties. Furthermore, the application increased the amount of soil organic matter, including humic acid with a low degree of darkening and fulvic acid, and contributed to C sequestration and storage. Physical fractionation of soil indicated that about 60% of soil organic C was distributed in the silt-sized (2 - 20 μm) aggregate and clay-sized (<2 μm) aggregate fractions, while about 30% existed in the decayed plant fractions (53 - 2000 μm). The results obtained unambiguously indicate that long-term application of compost can improve soil qualities in the field subjected to double cropping, depending on the amount applied.

Non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction in adults:comparison of the double-pass system,retinoscopy,subjective refraction and a table-mounted autorefractor

AIM:To evaluate the accuracy of spherical equivalent(SE) estimates of a double-pass system and to compare it with retinoscopy,subjective refraction and a table mounted autorefractor.METHODS:Non-cycloplegic refraction was performed on 125 eyes of 65 healthy adults(age 23.5±3.0 years) from October 2010 to January 2011 using retinoscopy,subjective refraction,autorefraction(Auto kerato refractometer TOPCON KR-8100,Japan) and a double pass system(Optical Quality Analysis System,OQAS,Visiometrics S.L.,Spain).Nine consecutive measurements with the double-pass system were performed on a subgroup of 22 eyes to assess repeatability.To evaluate the trueness of the OQAS instrument,the SE laboratory bias between the double pass system and the other techniques was calculated.RESULTS:The SE mean coefficient of repeatability obtained was 0.22D.Significant correlations could be established between the OQAS and the SE obtained with retinoscopy(r=0.956,P【0.001),subjective refraction(r=0.955,P【0.001) and autorefraction(r=0.957,P【0.001).The differences in SE between the double-pass system and the other techniques were significant(P【0.001),but lacked clinical relevance except for retinoscopy;Retinoscopy gave more hyperopic values than the double-pass system-0.51±0.50D as well as the subjective refraction-0.23±0.50D;More myopic values were achieved by means of autorefraction 0.24±0.49D. CONCLUSION:The double-pass system provides accurate and reliable estimates of the SE that can be used for clinical studies.This technique can determine the correct focus position to assess the ocular optical quality.However,it has a relatively small measuring range in comparison with autorefractors(-8.00 to +5.00D),and requires prior information on the refractive state of the patient.

A Double Threshold Energy Detection-Based Neural Network for Cognitive Radio Networks

In cognitive radio networks(CoR),the performance of cooperative spectrum sensing is improved by reducing the overall error rate or maximizing the detection probability.Several optimization methods are usually used to optimize the number of user-chosen for cooperation and the threshold selection.However,these methods do not take into account the effect of sample size and its effect on improving CoR performance.In general,a large sample size results in more reliable detection,but takes longer sensing time and increases complexity.Thus,the locally sensed sample size is an optimization problem.Therefore,optimizing the local sample size for each cognitive user helps to improve CoR performance.In this study,two new methods are proposed to find the optimum sample size to achieve objective-based improved(single/double)threshold energy detection,these methods are the optimum sample size N^(*)and neural networks(NN)optimization.Through the evaluation,it was found that the proposed methods outperform the traditional sample size selection in terms of the total error rate,detection probability,and throughput.

Quality Characteristics of Excellent Chinese College English Teachers

From students＇ perspectives, the quality characteristics of excellent Chinese college English teachers consist of teaching skills, teacher-student relationship, teachers＇ knowledge level and teachers＇ character. It is a multidimensional construct. Of all the four main constituents, teaching skills is ranked the highest on the explanatory ability on students＇ perceptions of excellent college English teachers, then teachers＇ relationship with students, teachers＇ knowledge level and teachers＇ character.

Practical Strategies to Improve the Quality of Teachers in Higher Vocational Colleges in the New Era

In this paper,practical strategies are proposed to improve the quality of teachers in higher vocational colleges.Research and analyses have shown that the key to improving the quality of teachers in higher vocational colleges lies in the improvement of professionalism,subject knowledge,and teaching ability.Thus,the following practical strategies are proposed:strengthen teachers’moral development,establish a teacher training system,focus on curriculum construction and teaching method innovation,and strengthen the teaching quality monitoring and evaluation mechanism.These measures can effectively improve the quality of teachers in higher vocational colleges and promote the development of higher vocational education.

How to Promote the Online Flow of High-Quality Teacher Resources under the"Double Reduction"Policy:An Analysis of Factors Influencing Teachers'Continuance Intention to Participate in Online After-School Teaching Services

Promoting the online flow of high-quality teacher resources has emerged as an important way to pursue coordinated progress in burden reduction and quality improvement under the"double reduction"policy.Based on the Open Online Tutoring Program of Secondary School Teachers(hereinafter referred to as"the open tutoring program")in City A,China,this study examined the factors influencing teachers'continuance intention to participate in the open tutoring program and their structural relationships,using a structural equation modeling analysis based on 1,159 sample data.The results show that:Firstly,teachers'reputation enhancement,perceived playfulness,perceived usefulness,and perceived ease of use have a positive effect on teachers'continuance intention to participate in online after-school teaching services.Secondly,online teaching efficacy has no direct effect on teachers'continuance intention,but rather impacts their reputation enhancement and beliefs about the value of the open tutoring program.Thirdly,social influence has a positive effect on teachers'reputation.Fourthly,perceived ease of use has a positive effect on teachers'perception of the value of the open tutoring program.In light of the above,relevant suggestions are proposed to encourage teachers to continue participating in online after-school teaching services.

Strategies for Enhancing the Affinity of College Ideological and Political Course Teachers

This article aims to explore effective ways to enhance the affinity of ideological and political course teachers in universities.By analyzing the connotation of affinity,the factors that affect the affinity of ideological and political course teachers are analyzed,and corresponding improvement strategies are proposed.Research suggests that strengthening the construction of teacher ethics and conduct,improving teaching skills,enhancing emotional engagement,and enhancing practical training are key paths to enhance the affinity of ideological and political course teachers.The implementation of these paths will help improve the teaching quality and effectiveness of ideological and political courses,and promote the comprehensive development of students.

Exploring the Long-Term Mechanism of the Construction of College Teachers’Ethics in the New Era Under the Concept of“Sanquan Education”

This paper takes the long-term mechanism exploration of the construction of teachers’ethics in the new era under the concept of“Sanquan education,”aiming to explore how to establish a long-term mechanism of the construction to meet the needs of college education development under the background of the new era.A series of targeted measures and suggestions are put forward,including improving the system and mechanism,strengthening the education and training of teachers’ethics,and establishing the evaluation and assessment mechanism.The implementation of these measures can promote the formation of the long-term mechanism of the construction of teachers’ethics in colleges and universities,improve teachers’ethics and behavior quality,and provide strong support for the development of education in colleges and universities.

Analysis of the Feedback on Teacher Training in an Affiliated Hospital in Shaanxi Province

Objective:This article aims to deeply analyze the feedback on teacher training in an affiliated hospital,so as to clarify the current needs and situation of teacher training and provide a scientific basis for further optimizing the teacher training system.Methods:The current situation and needs of teacher training in the affiliated hospital were collected by designing and distributing Tomato Form questionnaires on the DingTalk platform.The questionnaire adopted a percent-point system,all of which were indeterminate multiple-choice questions.Results:The average age of the clinical teachers participating in the survey was 40.44±7.85 years old,with an average teaching length of 4–10 years.The results showed that 60.20%of teachers think that the amount of teacher training in an affiliated hospital is sufficient;91.10%of teachers think that the factors affecting training conflict with working hours;97.96%of teachers believe that the training time has an impact on the training effect;81.63%of teachers prefer online training;51.53%of teachers tend to arrange training time on working days;33.16%of teachers tend to train once a month;17.78%of teachers prefer to receive training on clinical theoretical courses and practical teaching norms and skills content.Conclusion:Based on the above survey results,we propose to build a comprehensive management mechanism for teacher training,including improving the access,training,and assessment mechanism for clinical teachers,and adjusting and optimizing the training program according to actual needs.At the same time,an effective communication platform should be built to promote the deep integration of teaching and practice and enhance social recognition,so as to comprehensively improve the teaching quality and medical service of the hospital.

浅谈SOP测编一体机Double Unit的预防及改善

随着半导体行业的飞速发展,市场对半导体产品质量要求愈加严格,其中测试工序起着非常重要作用。为了能在当今激烈的半导体市场竞争中立于不败之地,质量对于半导体生产厂家来说是开拓市场、稳占先机的一把利剑。为了保证产品质量,在测试生产过程中针对Double Unit对质量影响的隐患,需要制定各类措施预防,防止因为Double Unit引发出各种质量问题,对企业造成重大损失。本文主要介绍和讨论了企业在半导体的生产过程中,改善、强化设备对于预防Double Unit的各种功能的过程及措施。

On Assuring Education Quality in Xinjiang Medical University

The writer aims at emphasizing the significance of assuring the all-round quality in Xinjiang Medical University by analyzing the current situation and problems in XMU and discussing the feasibility of the issues by providing various measures and by using different managing approaches.

Analysis of Rice Grain Quality-Associated Quantitative Trait Loci by Using Genetic Mapping

The main objective of this research was to identify quantitative trait loci associated with rice qualities to provide reliable information for marker-assisted selection and development of new varieties. In total, 120 doubled haploid (DH) lines developed by another culture from the F1 hybrid of a cross between “Cheongcheong”, a Tongil variety, and “Nagdong”, a japonica variety, were used. A microsatellite linkage map of 222 markers spanned 2082.4 centimorgans (cM) and covered 12 rice chromosomes with an average interval of 9.4cM between markers. Eight quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were associated with rice quality, consisting of two QTLs on chromosomes 1 and 9 for amylose content;three QTLs on chromosomes 8, 9, and 10 for protein content;and three QTLs on chromosomes 2, 3, and 6 for lipid content. PCR expression levels measured using the SSR markers RM23914 for proteins and RM6266 for lipids, and RM586 showed a higher degree of amplification. The present study should be useful for improving the nutritional quality of rice by means of marker-assisted selection.

Effects of High Temperature and Strong Light Combine Stress on Yield and Quality of Early Indica Rice with Different Amylose Content during Grout Filling

High temperature(HT)accompanied with strong light(SL)often occurs in early indica rice production during grout filling stage in Southern China,which accelerates grain ripening.Two indica rice cultivars with different amylose content(Zhongjiazao17,ZJZ17,high amylose content;Xiangzaoxian45,XZX45,low amylose content)were grown under control(CK),HT,and HT+SL conditions during grout filling to determine the effects on grain yield and quality of rice.The results showed that compared with CK,HT and HT+SL significantly reduced the 1000-grain weight and filled grain rate whether in high or low amylose content early indica rice cultivars during grout filling,resulting in a significantly lower grain yield.Meanwhile,HT and HT+SL significantly decreased the milled rice rate,brown rice rate and head rice rate,whereas significantly increased chalky rate and chalky degree;and breakdown decreased and setback,pasting temperature increased in the cultivars,leading to the poor processing,appearance and cooking and eating quality of early indica rice cultivars.Compared with HT,the yield of ZJZ17 was significantly decreased under HT+SL,due to the lower 1000-grain weight.However,the effect of HT+SL on rice quality varied in the cultivars.In general,the yield and rice quality of ZJZ17 were relatively poor under HT+SL.Our results suggested that HT and HT+SL during grout filling had significant damage to the yield and quality of early indica rice cultivars,especially HT+SL,while the high amylose cultivar ZJZ17 showed a higher negative effect under HT+SL.