Multi-Time Scale Optimal Scheduling of a Photovoltaic Energy Storage Building System Based on Model Predictive Control

Building emission reduction is an important way to achieve China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.Aiming at the problem of low carbon economic operation of a photovoltaic energy storage building system,a multi-time scale optimal scheduling strategy based on model predictive control(MPC)is proposed under the consideration of load optimization.First,load optimization is achieved by controlling the charging time of electric vehicles as well as adjusting the air conditioning operation temperature,and the photovoltaic energy storage building system model is constructed to propose a day-ahead scheduling strategy with the lowest daily operation cost.Second,considering inter-day to intra-day source-load prediction error,an intraday rolling optimal scheduling strategy based on MPC is proposed that dynamically corrects the day-ahead dispatch results to stabilize system power fluctuations and promote photovoltaic consumption.Finally,taking an office building on a summer work day as an example,the effectiveness of the proposed scheduling strategy is verified.The results of the example show that the strategy reduces the total operating cost of the photovoltaic energy storage building system by 17.11%,improves the carbon emission reduction by 7.99%,and the photovoltaic consumption rate reaches 98.57%,improving the system’s low-carbon and economic performance.

Reducing Electrical Consumption in Stationary Long-Haul Trucks

On average, long-haul trucks in the U.S. use approximately 667 million gallons of fuel each year just for idling. This idling primarily facilitates climate control operations during driver rest periods. To mitigate this, our study explored ways to diminish the electrical consumption of climate control systems in class 8 trucks through innovative load reduction technologies. We utilized the CoolCalc software, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), which integrates heat transfer principles with extensive weather data from across the U.S. to mimic the environmental conditions trucks face year-round. The analysis of the CoolCalc simulations was performed using MATLAB. We assessed the impact of various technologies, including white paint, advanced curtains, and Thinsulate insulation on reducing electrical demand compared to standard conditions. Our findings indicate that trucks operating in the eastern U.S. could see electrical load reductions of up to 40%, while those in the western regions could achieve reductions as high as 55%. Such significant decreases in energy consumption mean that a 10 kWh battery system could sufficiently manage the HVAC needs of these trucks throughout the year without idling. Given that many long-haul trucks are equipped with battery systems of around 800 Ah (9.6 kWh), implementing these advanced technologies could substantially curtail the necessity for idling to power air conditioning systems.

Optimized model-based control of main mine ventilation air flows with minimized energy consumption

In early 2018,the Boliden Garpenberg operation implemented an optimized control strategy as an addition to the existing ventilation on demand system.The purpose of the strategy is to further minimize energy use for main and booster fans,whilst also fulfilling airflow setpoints without violating constraints such as min/max differential pressure over fans and interaction of air between areas in mines.Using air flow measurements and a dynamical model of the ventilation system,a mine-wide coordination control of fans can be carried out.The numerical model is data driven and derived from historical operational data or step changes experiments.This makes both initial deployment and lifetime model maintenance,as the mine evolves,a comparably easy operation.The control has been proven to operate in a stable manner over long periods without having to re-calibrate the model.Results prove a 40%decrease in energy use for the fans involved and a greater controllability of air flow.Moreover,a 15%decrease of the total air flow into the mine will give additional proportional heating savings during winter periods.All in all,the multivariable controller shows a correlation between production in the mine and the ventilation system performance superior to all of its predecessors.

Low energy consumption depth control method of self-sustaining intelligent buoy

Aiming at the contradiction between the depth control accuracy and the energy consumption of the self-sustaining intelligent buoy,a low energy consumption depth control method based on historical array for real-time geostrophic oceanography(Argo)data is proposed.As known from the buoy kinematic model,the volume of the external oil sac only depends on the density and temperature of seawater at hovering depth.Hence,we use historical Argo data to extract the fitting curves of density and temperature,and obtain the relationship between the hovering depth and the volume of the external oil sac.Genetic algorithm is used to carry out the optimal energy consumption motion planning for the depth control process,and the specific motion strategy of depth control process is obtained.Compared with dual closed-loop fuzzy PID control method and radial basis function(RBF)-PID method,the proposed method reduces energy consumption to 1/50 with the same accuracy.Finally,a hardware-in-the-loop simulation system was used to verify this method.When the error caused by fitting curves is not considered,the average error is 2.62 m,the energy consumption is 3.214×10^(4)J,and the error of energy consumption is only 0.65%.It shows the effectiveness and reliability of the method as well as the advantages of comprehensively considering the accuracy and energy consumption.

Impacts of Total Energy Consumption Control and Energy Quota Allocation on China′s Regional Economy Based on A 30-region Computable General Equilibrium Analysis

This paper examined the impacts of the total energy consumption control policy and energy quota allocation plans on China′s regional economy. This research analyzed the influences of different energy quota allocation plans with various weights of equity and efficiency, using a dynamic computable general equilibrium(CGE) model for 30 province-level administrative regions. The results show that the efficiency-first allocation plan costs the least but widens regional income gap, whereas the outcomes of equity-first allocation plan and intensity target-based allocation plan are similar and are both opposite to the efficiency-first allocation plan′ outcome. The plan featuring a balance between efficiency and equity is more feasible, which can bring regional economic losses evenly and prevent massive interregional migration of energy-related industries. Furthermore, the effects of possible induced energy technology improvements in different energy quota allocation plans were studied. Induced energy technology improvements can add more feasibility to all allocation plans under the total energy consumption control policy. In the long term, if the policy of the total energy consumption control continues and more market-based tools are implemented to allocate energy quotas, the positive consequences of induced energy technology improvements will become much more obvious.

Based on the water source heat pump system operation control and energy consumption optimization

The contradiction between the increasing material demand and resource,is the country has faced problems,to better solve the material demand and the contradiction between the environment and resources,is applied to the development of new energy,new energy,not only can alleviate people and resources,environment and resources,the contradiction between people and the environment,also can promote the sustainable development of world economy,HVAC technology has emerged a new generation of energysaving technology,HVAC has the characteristics of low consumption,low pollution,is a development of technology,to be promoted for environmentfriendly,resource-conserving society has an important role in promoting.This paper focuses on the HVAC technology,water source heat pump system operation control and energy consumption optimization,for the relevant personnel reference.

能耗双控转向碳排放双控的理论逻辑与实践路径

能耗双控向碳排放双控转变是推进碳达峰碳中和的制度保障,系统分析能耗双控转向碳排放双控的理论逻辑及实践路径,对促进企业适应国内国际市场、降低碳排放,保障中国“双碳”目标的实现有重要现实意义。能耗双控通过需求效应、技术效应和要素替代效应影响节能降碳,碳排放双控主要通过技术创新效应、技术溢出效应和产业结构升级效应的综合作用促进节能降碳,碳排放双控节能降碳的作用机制更加完善,更加注重碳排放控制,更能够精准控碳。能耗双控转向碳排放双控有利于企业能源转型、绿电消费的增加,对于“双碳”目标的实现、国际竞争力的提高具有深远的影响。能耗双控转向碳排放双控背景下,中国面临能耗双控转向碳排放双控的识别阶段、分阶段、落实阶段难题,碳市场建设不足,碳排放监管和执法体系不完善的挑战;为顺利推动能耗双控转向碳排放双控,本文提出统筹推进分阶段、差异化考核工作,通过加大碳市场覆盖范围、完善碳交易机制、优化用能权交易市场等加强碳市场建设,加强碳排放监管和法治体系建设等关键举措和推动路径。中国实现绿色低碳发展须注重能耗双控向碳排放双控转变,准确把握能耗双控转向碳排放双控,促进“双碳”目标实现。

“双碳”目标下农户兼业与农村生活能源消费转型

促进农村生活能源消费转型对于我国能源消费结构优化以及“双碳”目标实现具有重要意义。基于2022年实地调研数据,实证分析农户兼业对农村生活能源消费转型的影响效应及作用机制。结果表明,农户兼业对农村生活能源消费转型有显著促进作用,推动农村能源消费结构逐渐由以生物质能源为主向以商品能源为主转变。进一步机制分析显示,农户兼业通过提升家庭收入及优化收入结构、土地资本挤出、人力资本挤出和生态自觉性提升促进农村生活能源消费转型。此外,农户兼业促进农村生活能源消费转型存在代际、兼业地区和行业差异。因此,提出进一步破除城乡资源流动壁垒,完善农民工省外流动机制;加强生态文明建设,大力培育农户生态自觉性;推动乡村产业升级,促进农民收入量、质提升的对策建议。

基于联邦学习的分布式电采暖互动模式设计与展望

随着“双碳”目标的提出,以及“以电代煤”政策的贯彻落实,大量电采暖设备取代传统燃煤取暖投入运行并接入电网将成为必然趋势。大量电采暖设备可以作为需求侧可调资源进行新能源消纳,但是分布式电采暖所处地理区域较为分散,传统集中式管理的方式又存在隐私泄露、数据孤岛等问题。联邦学习作为一种分布式技术可在保护隐私的前提下支撑电采暖负荷互动,在分布式电采暖互动领域具有较强的适用性。分析了基于联邦学习的分布式电采暖互动需求,以及边缘缓存、隐私防护、通信传输优化和异构资源融合等技术在基于联邦学习的电采暖互动场景中的应用方式,并展望了未来基于联邦学习的分布式电采暖互动前景。

“能耗双控”向“碳排放双控”转变下的企业政策响应研究——以浙江省为例

具有负外部性的复杂环境政策对企业的影响和企业的应对策略之间缺乏联动性的整体研究,因此,论文提出DIIS政策文本分析法、DANP网络分析法和SPACE矩阵融合的企业环境政策响应模型(DDS),对“能耗双控”向“碳排放双控”转变形势下浙江省工业企业的政策响应开展研究和实证分析。建立“能耗双控”和“碳排放双控”政策库,通过基于DIIS理论的政策文本分析,形成政策、经济、社会、技术四个维度的18项影响因素;结合问卷调研,通过DANP法分析得到8种企业类别的环境政策影响指标权重;进而将指标与权重映射到SPACE矩阵,最终得到不同企业的应对策略选择。结果表明:(1)不同类型的企业响应程度不同,国有企业偏向于响应政策调控,民营企业偏向于对市场竞争和技术突破做出响应;(2)产业链低碳转型等社会性的因素受到所有企业的关注,而资源倾斜、低碳人才培养、核算标准制定等因素普遍被企业忽视;(3)综合考虑不同企业响应策略,建议政府部门应针对企业特点精准施策。

MPS型磨煤机制粉系统动态模型与瞬态运行优化控制研究

为提升MPS型磨煤机制粉系统变出力过程关键参数的控制精度,该文建立并验证制粉系统动态模型,开展控制策略优化研究。在原逻辑基础上,提出考虑煤质水分信息的前馈磨煤机入口一次风温控制回路,以优化控制策略。开展煤质水分增加、给煤速率增加、磨煤机变出力等瞬态过程模拟研究,获得制粉系统关键参数瞬态特征和能耗特性,验证所提出策略的优越性。结果表明:采用优化的控制逻辑后,系统在应对煤质水分突变、煤量突变等扰动时的响应速率增加、磨煤机出口风粉温度波动范围减小50%以上、瞬态能耗下降2.4%。磨煤机在变出力过程中,稳态能耗可降低100 kW以上,制粉过程能耗降低6.82%,瞬态过程中磨煤机出口风温的波动幅度下降50%、响应时间缩短10%以上、可实现瞬态节能5.43%,保障制粉系统的运行安全并降低能耗。在燃煤发电机组中应用提出的制粉系统优化控制逻辑,可降低燃煤发电机组变负荷瞬态过程中负荷率、主汽压力等关键参数的运行偏差,提高机组的运行灵活性。

冬季不同最小通风量模式对肉种鸡育雏育成期生长性能及环控能耗的影响

为研究冬季不同最小通风量模式对肉种鸡育雏育成期舍内环境、生长性能以及环控能耗的影响,试验测试了间歇式通风和连续式通风两种不同的最小通风量通风控制模式,分别比较了两种模式下鸡舍内主要环境质量参数、环控能耗、体重均匀度和抗体效价。结果显示:第一周,连续通风温度高于间歇通风(P>0.05),相对湿度显著低于间歇通风(P<0.05),二氧化碳浓度显著高于间歇通风模式(P<0.05),第2~10周,连续通风温度极显著高于间歇通风(P<0.01),相对湿度极显著低于间歇通风(P<0.01),二氧化碳浓度极显著高于间歇通风模式(P<0.01),同时连续通风鸡舍内环境参数波动度小于间歇通风;试验期间连续通风环控总能耗(7036.01 kW·h)低于间歇通风(7633.02 kW·h),并且连续通风种鸡体重均匀度优于间歇通风;H5N1亚型禽流感病毒抗体效价显著高于间歇通风(P<0.05),H7N9亚型禽流感病毒抗体效价极显著高于间歇通风(P<0.01)。研究表明,冬季肉种鸡育雏育成期采用连续通风的最小通风量模式对比间歇通风的最小通风量模式,可以获得更加稳定的舍内环境,雏鸡生长性能以及免疫效果更优,且能源消耗更少。

基于STIRPAT模型的吉林省石化行业碳排放影响因素研究

石化行业作为典型的高碳排产业,研究其碳排放规律及影响有助于我国“双碳”目标的实现。以吉林省2002—2021年石化行业中5个子行业的原煤、洗精煤、焦炭、汽油、柴油、原油等9类碳排放源数据为基础,研究吉林省石化行业碳排放的时间演变特征及碳排放结构。采用扩展的随机性环境影响评估(STIRPAT)模型以及岭回归参数估计方法,选取经济增加值等6个指标,深入探讨各因素对吉林省石化行业碳排放量的作用机制及影响。根据实证分析结果,为推进吉林省石化行业低碳发展,促进石化产业碳减排,提出3个建议:提升能源效率,改善能源消费结构;优化投资项目,推动低碳项目发展;采取循环经济,进行环境影响评估。

能耗双控逐步转向碳排放双控研究

推动能耗双控逐步转向碳排放双控是党中央全面深化改革、适应新发展阶段需求的重大战略决策,对深入落实“双碳”目标、统筹好发展与安全关系,及实现高质量发展具有十分重要的意义。当前,推动能耗双控逐步转向碳排放双控面临有机衔接条件欠缺、政策体系不完善、核算体系基础能力不足和指标分解存在挑战四方面的主要问题,建议在完善能耗双控的基础上实现两者有机衔接、尽快完善碳排放双控政策体系、强化碳排放核算和碳市场交易的基础能力建设、统筹好部门职责划分、区域和产业间指标分解。

地铁活塞效应的节能综述研究

随着地铁行业的蓬勃发展,利用活塞风降低车站能耗成为目前研究的热点之一。首先整理与活塞效应相关的国内外文献,研究活塞效应的形成机理和特性,分析活塞效应对地铁环控系统产生的影响,发现两者间潜在的节能关系。其次分别对隧道活塞风与车站活塞风的利用策略进行综述研究,这些策略主要与通风井的相关设计、列车的行驶、站台门的选择以及门帘的安装等有关,合理地采用这些策略可以为车站降低能耗。最后提出了活塞风的利用原则,在活塞风满足乘客需求的情况下应当优先利用活塞通风,应根据风量、温湿度、二氧化碳浓度以及颗粒物浓度等参数评价活塞风是否满足需求。

基于最小能耗的双机器人协调搬运系统负载分配

针对由两台机器人组成的紧协调搬运系统,以期望轨迹下的最小能耗为目标,研究了双机器人紧协调搬运系统的负载分配方法。首先,在被搬运物期望运动轨迹下,结合机器人动力学和双机器人末端力约束关系,确定了被搬运物动态载荷和机器人关节力矩之间的关系。其次,取双机器人关节力矩的平方和作为系统最小能耗优化的目标函数,为保证被搬运物在搬运过程中不会因为过大的内力而导致变形和损坏,在目标函数中引入抓取矩阵的特定伪逆。然后,考虑机器人关节力矩约束,将目标函数的求解问题转化为二次非线性规划问题,并使用遗传算法进行了寻优。最后,以两台节卡Zu 5机器人搭建协调搬运平台,在期望搬运轨迹下,测得双机器人末端力与关节力矩,通过与理论计算值的比较,验证了负载分配的合理性和能耗优化方案的有效性。

双积分政策下考虑电耗、新能源偏好的决策研究

为探讨汽车制造商面对国内汽车行业电气化转型的生产决策问题,在双积分政策背景下针对制造商、零售商组成的二级供应链构建两种生产情形下不同决策模型,并引入新能源汽车电能消耗和消费者新能源偏好,运用Stackelberg博弈求得不同生产情形中不同决策模式下供应链各成员最优生产决策与收益分析。结果表明:双积分政策的深入实施有利于提高新能源汽车电能消耗水平,降低新能源汽车销售价格,扩大市场规模的同时促使燃油车提高减排水平;车企应选择在集中决策模式下提高新能源车型产能,逐渐减少传统燃油车产量,给供应链中各成员带来更多收益;从短期看制造商继续生产燃油车的生产情形所获收益虽高于停产燃油车情形,但其收益波动较大且制造商停产燃油车全面转型生产新能源汽车后的收益呈稳定增长趋势。

基于MPC的智能网联卡车队列最优能耗控制

针对高速公路智能网联卡车队列的能耗优化问题,提出了一种基于模型预测控制的双层控制算法。算法由速度规划层和跟踪控制层两部分构成,其中速度规划层结合道路坡度及车辆状态,通过线性能量守恒模型来消除动力学模型中的非线性项,并以发动机输出功率作为油耗优化指标,采用线性模型预测控制方法获得车队的规划速度;为减少简化车队模型引起的不确定性,跟踪控制层采用基于线性矩阵不等式的分布式鲁棒模型预测控制算法,设计状态反馈控制器对上层规划的最优速度进行跟踪。仿真结果验证了上述双层控制算法的可行性和有效性,可以在保证最优能耗控制的前提下实现车队安全稳定行驶。

面向变工况的车辆队列非线性控制策略

车辆队列间距控制策略能够影响车速稳定性和跟车间距,是降低队列能耗的关键,针对单一跟车间距策略无法满足间距控制问题,提出了一种双工况跟车间距控制策略。根据队列中每辆车空气动力特性,构建变空阻系数非线性车辆队列模型。将整个队列行驶工况分为匀速和变速工况,分别使用变时距和定时距跟车间距控制策略,变速时动态控制速度误差,匀速时控制每辆车最小能耗对应的跟车间距。在此基础上,设计兼容双工况跟车间距控制策略的非线性控制器,与单一定时距跟车策略进行仿真对比,仿真结果显示,非线性控制器速度误差平均降低25%,队列车辆油耗平均降低5.88%,验证了所提策略的有效性和可行性。

卧式多层热压机变量泵功能特性和液压系统性能

根据年产10万m^(3)胶合板卧式多层热压机结构、工作原理和热压工艺要求,采用型号VPCLRDU2斜盘式轴向变量柱塞泵作为动力和控制元件,快速油缸与加压油缸采用伸缩式二级油缸结构形式作为执行元件,构建了其双变量泵液压系统。以该液压系统为研究对象,根据VPCLRDU2工作原理建立其仿真模型,设计台架试验,为分析VPCLRDU2效率和控制功能特性,验证其所建仿真模型的准确性奠定了基础;通过VPCLRDU2效率和电液比例、恒功率、恒压控制功能特性研究分析,证明了其具有容积效率、总效率和功能集成化程度高的特性;VPCLRDU2仿真模型与台架试验对比分析结果趋于一致,验证了其所建仿真模型准确、可靠;根据双变量泵液压系统工作原理,建立其液压系统仿真模型,对于不同板坯参数、热压工艺要求,其仿真模型结果验证了该系统能够实现对快速油缸速度、位移和加压油缸压力的控制,满足了胶合板卧式压机热压工艺要求,具有能耗低、稳定性高的特性。