Megacity pathways in China under the dual carbon goal:The case of Shanghai

The pathways to achieving carbon neutrality at the city level are diverse due to varying energy supply and demand conditions.Shanghai faces obstacles such as limited land resources,high costs of renewable energy technologies,and instability of renewable energy.These challenges hinder the city’s efforts to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality(dual carbon).Therefore,Shanghai must identify and optimize its development path for renewable energy under the dual carbon goal.We employed the Low Emissions Analysis Platform Shanghai(LEAP-SH)model to simulate the impact of policies,such as industrial upgrading,energy efficiency improvement,energy structure optimization,increased technical innovation on energy,and ecological restoration,on the carbon emission pathways from 2022 to 2060 using five different scenarios.Our results indicate that Shanghai has the potential to achieve carbon neutrality in 2059 by promoting carbon reduction,pollution control,and green expansion.Moreover,we determined that the manufacturing industry;power generation industry;and transportation,storage,and mail services are the three major sectors for emission reduction under the dual carbon goal.Furthermore,the capacity and output of coal-fired power plants will be gradually replaced by offshore wind power in the dual carbon pathway.Finally,this study proposes countermeasures and suggestions for Shanghai to attain the dual carbon goal and high-quality development.

Study of the fatigue fractography of dual phase low carbon steel used in automotive industry

Fatigue properties play a crucial role as they are vital to ensuring the durability and integrity of components subjected to repeated loading conditions over long periods.The main objective of this work is to investigate the fatigue behavior of dual phase low-carbon steels used in automotive applications using a rotating bending fatigue machine.Heat treatments were carried out to analyze the microstructure's effect on the fatigue properties,including quenching low-carbon steel samples at 800℃ and 900℃.Hardness and tensile tests were performed,and the microstructure was inspected to examine the constitute phases.With the assistance of a scanning electron microscope,fractographic analyses were carried out to reveal the fracture features of the samples at different lifetime ranges.The results show that various failure mechanisms occur depending on the stress levels.Additionally,the specimens quenched at 900℃ exhibited higher fatigue strength.

Exploration of Multi-Dimensional Collaborative Practice and Education Path for Electrical Engineering and Automation Major under the Background of“Dual Carbon”

Driven by the strategic goal of“dual carbon,”the electric power industry is entering a critical period of transformation and upgrading,and there is a growing demand for composite and applied talents who are both proficient in professional technology and good at management.Taking the electrical engineering and automation major of Liupanshui Normal University as an example,this study addresses existing challenges in current talent cultivation practices.By emphasizing the deep integration of theory and practice and aligning closely with industry needs,the study aims to ensure that the talent cultivation system is both forward-looking and practical.Focusing on key aspects such as the practical teaching system,practice platforms,teaching content,instructional methods,assessment and evaluation strategies,and resource optimization,a series of targeted measures are proposed.These measures aim to construct a comprehensive,multi-dimensional practice education system that enhances students’practical innovation abilities and overall competencies.This approach not only improves the quality of talent cultivation but also serves as a valuable reference for the development of electrical engineering education in similar local colleges and universities.

Research on the Impact of BYD Group’s Green Innovation on Corporate Financial Performance under the Background of“Dual Carbon”

With the increasingly severe global climate change problem,the“dual carbon”goals(peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality)have become a common focus of international attention.The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly emphasizes the need to accelerate the green transformation of development models,implement comprehensive strategies for frugal development,support the growth of green and low-carbon industries,and promote the concept of green consumption.At the same time,“Made in China 2025”also elaborates on the strategic concept of innovation-driven and green development centered,and strives for breakthroughs in key industries such as new energy vehicles.In such a macro environment,adopting green innovation measures by enterprises not only contributes to ecological protection but also has an undeniable impact on their economic performance and overall value.This article takes BYD Group as a case study to explore in detail the positive effects of green innovation on its economic performance.We first systematically organized and analyzed BYD’s specific practices in green innovation;Then,by examining three key financial indicators,BYD’s current financial situation was analyzed in depth;On this basis,combined with research data,the positive impact of green innovation on BYD’s financial performance was revealed;Finally,based on the analysis results,relevant suggestions are proposed to provide reference for the sustainable development of enterprises in the context of“dual carbon.”

Research on the Dual Carbon Talent Training Model for the Construction Engineering Technology Major in Higher Vocational Education

Against the backdrop of global climate change and China’s“dual carbon”goals,the green transformation of the construction industry is imperative,and completing the transformation requires many dual carbon talents to support it.This article focuses on the construction engineering technology major in higher vocational education.It explores in depth the specific requirements for construction engineering technology talents in terms of professional knowledge,vocational skills,and literacy under the dual carbon mode.Based on this,corresponding dual carbon talent training courses are proposed,aiming to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for cultivating high-quality dual carbon talents that meet the needs of the new era.

Intelligent Network-Connected New Energy Vehicle Technology and Application Under the Dual-Carbon Strategy

In responding to the“dual carbon”strategy,intelligent networked new energy vehicle technology plays a crucial role.This type of vehicle combines the advantages of new energy technology and intelligent network technology,effectively reduces carbon emissions in the transportation sector,improves energy utilization efficiency,and contributes to the green transportation system through intelligent transportation management and collaborative work between vehicles,making significant contributions.This article aims to explore the development of intelligent network-connected new energy vehicle technology and applications under the dual-carbon strategy and lay the foundation for the future development direction of the automotive industry.

Fiscal and Tax Policy Research on Promoting Energy Transition in China under the"Dual Carbon"Goal

The"Dual Carbon"Goal is one of the critical strategic tasks in China's new stage of development,and fiscal and tax policies play an essential role in promoting the"dual carbon target"process.Currently,China's fiscal and taxation policies to encourage the realization of the"dual carbon"target are faced with problems such as the lack of budgetary and tax regulation means and the lack of investment in the energy conservation industry.Throughout the mature experience of Britain,the United States,Japan,and other countries,although different,they all chose to levy carbon tax and tax incentives as the path to promote energy transformation.To further encourage energy conversion,China can choose to establish a carbon tax mechanism and promote and improve low-carbon preferential policies and other diversified fiscal and tax policies.

Research on the Spatiotemporal Evolution,and Optimized Paths of Carbon Pressure in Northwestern Sichuan under the Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals

Consolidating carbon sink capacity and reducing carbon pressure are important channels to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals actively yet prudently.In order to study the current situation of carbon pressure in the Northwestern Sichuan,we took the carbon pressure of the Aba Tibetan-Qiang autonomous prefecture(Aba prefecture)as an example and used the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)approach to measure the carbon emissions,carbon uptake,and the carbon balance index(CBI)of each county-level city in Aba prefecture from 2012 to 2020.The study found that:(a)There was a continuous trend of declining carbon emissions,increased carbon uptake,and decreased CBI in Aba prefecture during the sample period,but there is a large variability among county-level cities;(b)Aba prefecture differs in the spatiotemporal distribution of carbon emissions,carbon uptake,and CBI.Based on the research results,we propose several optimized paths for alleviating the current carbon pressure situation in the Northwestern Sichuan.

Study on the Carbon Effect of Agricultural Land Remediation Based on the Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals

With the goal of achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality,this paper studies the carbon effect of agricultural land remediation.In this paper,the carbon effect mechanism and calculation method of land consolidation,the proposed national carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,and the requirements put forward by agricultural land consolidation followed were analyzed.Then,the application research on the carbon effect accounting of agricultural land consolidation was conducted.Besides,the application process of carbon effect accounting of land consolidation with the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.Therefore,we hope this study will play an effective role to advance the carbon effect research in the regulation of agricultural land.

A Dual Wavelength Differential First Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for Identification and Determination of Carbon Monoxide Generated During the Microsomal Metabolism of Xenobiotics in vitro

A dual wavelength differential first derivative spectrophotometric method has been developed to standardize the concentration of a saturated aqueous solution of carbon monoxide (CO) as the standard and to identify and to determine CO formed during the microsomal metabolism of xenobiotics in vitro. The method can significantly eliminate the background interference in the assay media and increase the quantitative accuracy and the sensitivity. There is a good linear relationship between CO concentration in the range of 2～10 μmol·L 1 CO and the distance D between the first derivative peak at 415 nm amd valley at 426 nm with r=0.9999(n=5),the regression equation being C (mmol·L 1 )=17.6D 0.4, the detection limit lower than 0.1 μmol·L 1 CO. The average recoveries of CO from the assay system and the sample were 102.1%, RSD=2.9% (n=7) and 79.7%, RSD=6.8% (n=12),respectively. The RSD of within day was 4.4%(n=18),and the RSD of day to day was 6.1%(n=16). By this method, four trihaloanilines and one trihalobenzene were tested, the results showed that only 2,4,5 trifluoroaniline could be converted to CO by the incubation with rat hepatic microsomes, NADPH and oxygen, the ability of phenobarbital or dexamethasone to induce rat hepatic microsomes to catalyze CO formation was 3 or 8 times higher than that of the control.

Numerical simulation of the dual laterolog for carbonate cave reservoirs and response characteristics

Cave carbonate formations are characterized by heterogeneity, which makes electrical log prediction difficult. It is currently important to know how to use the dual laterolog to accurately identify and quantitatively evaluate caves. Using numerical simulation to calculate electrical log responses can provide a theoretical basis for cave identification and evaluation. In this paper, based on the dual laterolog principles, we first study different size spherical cave models using the finite element method （FEM）, determine a relation between resistivity and cave filling after comprehensively studying the log responses of cave models with different filling material, and finally study the dual laterolog responses on caves filled with shale, limestone, conglomerate, and thin laminated formation of sand and shale. The numerical results provide a theoretical basis for identification and evaluation of carbonate cave reservoirs.

Dual template approach for the synthesis of hierarchically mesocellular carbon foams

We demonstrated a simple and effective dual-templating approach for the synthesis of hierarchically mesocellular carbon foams by using nonionic surfactant of sorbitan monooleate and silica colloid particles as sacrificial templates, and resorcinol/ formaldehyde as carbon source. The representative carbon foam has dual mesopore sizes of 4 and 10 nm, and possesses the specific surface area of 580 m^2/g and the total pore volume of 0.80 cm^3/g.

Reliability Analysis on Repairable System with Dual Input Closed-Loop Feedback Link Considering Shutdown Correlation Based on Goal Oriented Methodology

Goal oriented( GO) methodology is a kind of success oriented system reliability analysis method and has been used widely.The repairable system with dual input closed-loop feedback link( DICLFL) considering shutdown correlation didn't make reliability analysis accurately based on existing GO methodology. So, a reliability analysis method used to deal with DICLFL considering shutdown correlation is provided based on GO methodology.Firstly, a new operator, which is used to describe DICLFL considering shutdown correlation,whose number is 1,is created and named as Type 9C operator. And then,the formulas of type 9C operator are derived based on Markov process theory. Finally,the new method presented in this paper is adopted to conduct the reliability analysis of an electro-hydraulic servo speed control system. The analysis result is compared with those of Monte Carlo simulation and fault tree analysis( FTA). The comparison results show that this new reliability analysis method based on GO methodology is feasible and meaningful for reliability analysis of repairable systems with DICLFL considering shutdown correlation.Meantime,it will be useful for more other applications.

All-cellulose-based quasi-solid-state supercapacitor with nitrogen and boron dual-doped carbon electrodes exhibiting high energy density and excellent cyclic stability

The key to construct high-energy supercapacitors is to maximize the capacitance of electrode and the voltage of the device. Realizing this purpose by utilizing sustainable and low-cost resources is still a big challenge. Herein, N, B co-doped carbon nanosheets are obtained through the proposed dual-template assisted approach by using methyl cellulose as the precursor. Due to the synergistic effects form the high surface area with the hierarchical porous structure, N/B dual doping, and a high degree of graphitization, the resultant carbon electrode exhibits a high capacitance of 572 F g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)and retains 281 F g^(-1)at 50 A g^(-1)in an acidic electrolyte. Furthermore, the symmetric device assembled using bacterial cellulose-based gel polymer electrolyte can deliver high energy density of 43 W h kg^(-1)and excellent cyclability with 97.8% capacity retention after 20 000 cycles in “water in salt” electrolyte. This work successfully realizes the fabrication of high-performance allcellulose-based quasi-solid-state supercapacitors, which brings a cost-effective insight into jointly designing electrodes and electrolytes for supporting highly efficient energy storage.

Atomically dispersed Fe-Ni dual sites in heteroatom doped carbon tyres for efficient oxygen electrocatalysis in rechargeable Zn-Air battery

The electronic and functional synergies between the twin metal centers make dual single-atom catalysts(DACs) attractive for oxygen electrocatalysis. The catalytic activities of DACs are largely decided by their surrounding micro-environment and supporting substrates. Modulating the micro-environment as well as engineering the efficient support is challenging tasks. Moreover, both are critical to optimizing the performance of DACs. Herein, a novel bio-cooperative strategy is developed to synthesize Fe Ni-DAC wherein Fe-Ni dual-atom sites are embedded in the N, P codoped tyre shaped carbon matrix. The configuration matching of Fe-Ni dual centers together with the local electronic engineering of N, P heteroatoms synergistically boost the catalytic activity on the oxygen reaction. Furthermore, the central-hollow highlyporous carbon matrix not only gives rise to a large amount of active sites, but also facilitates fast kinetics.Taking advantage of both the DAC and the substrate, the Fe Ni-NPC hollow tyre(HT) catalyst scores high in both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, which exhibits the narrow potential difference and excellent durability. The aqueous Zn-air full battery(ZAB) integrating the Fe Ni-NPC HT air cathode has a high power density and a good stability over long-term cycling. Moreover, the flexible solid-state ZAB assembled with the polymer electrolyte obtains the high reliability over a wide range of temperatures or under diverse outside deformations. Therefore, this work offers a new green approach to prepare highly efficient DACs with built-in modulated micro-environment and tailor-made substrates. Moreover,it also paves a new way to develop highly-pliable power source for flexible electronics.

Interpreting Dual Laterolog Fracture Data in Fractured Carbonate Formation

The estimation of fractures is key to evaluating fractured carbonate reservoirs. It is difficult to evaluate this kind of reservoir because of its heterogeneously distributed fractures and anisotropy, A three-dimensional numerical model was used to simulate the responses of the dual laterolog （DLL） in a fractured formation based on a macro-isotropic anisotropic model, Accordingly, a fast fracture computing method was developed. First, the apparent conductivity of the DLL is linearly related to the porosity of the fracture and the conductivity of pore fluid. Second, the amplitude difference of the deep and shallow apparent resistivity logs is mainly dependent on the dip angle of the fracture. Then the response of the DLL to a formation with dip angle fractures is approximately depicted as a function of the bulk resistivity of the rock, the porosity of the fractures and the conductivity of fracture fluid. This function can be used to compute the porosity of fracture quickly. The actual data show that the fracture parameters determined by the DLL closely coincide with the formation micro imager log.

Improved visible-light photocatalytic H_2 generation over CdS nanosheets decorated by NiS_2 and metallic carbon black as dual earth-abundant cocatalysts

CdS nanosheets(NSs)photocatalysts modified with dual earth‐abundant co‐catalysts of metallic carbon black(CB)and NiS2were synthesized by a two‐step solvothermal/impregnation method.Allthe experiment results demonstrated that the co‐loading of CB and NiS2could significantly enhance the photocatalytic H2‐evolution activity of CdS NSs.The photocatalytic performance of the as‐prepared CdS/CB/NiS2samples was tested under visible light(λ≥420nm)by using an aqueous solution containing0.25mol L–1Na2S‐Na2SO3as the sacrifice agent.The CdS‐0.5%CB‐1.0%NiS2composite photocatalysts exhibited the highest H2‐evolution rate of166.7μmol h?1,which was approximately5.16and1.87times higher than those of pure CdS NSs and CdS‐1.0%NiS2,respectively.The possible mechanism for the enhanced H2‐evolution activity of CdS/CB/NiS2composite photocatalysts was proposed.The results showed that the enhanced photocatalytic H2‐evolution activities could be ascribed to the co‐loading of metallic CB and NiS2as co‐catalysts onto the surface of CdS NSs.The excellent synergetic effect between the CB and NiS2could obviously improve visible light absorption,promote separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs and boost the H2‐evolution kinetics,thus leading to an enhanced activity for H2evolution.More interestingly,the metallic CB could not only act as a cocatalyst for H2evolution,but also serve as a conductive electron bridge to promote the charge migration.This work not only demonstrates that loading CB as a co‐catalyst is a promising strategy to further boost the photocatalytic activity of CdS/NiS2composites,but also offers a new mechanistic insight into the construction of highly efficient and stable CdS NSs‐based hybrid photocatalysts with dual earth‐abundant co‐catalysts for photocatalytic applications.

Dual atomic catalysts from COF-derived carbon for CO_(2)RR by suppressing HER through synergistic effects

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)for highvalue-added products is a promising strategy to tackle excessive CO_(2) emissions.However,the activity of and selectivity for catalysts for CO_(2)RR still need to be improved because of the competing reaction(hydrogen evolution reaction).In this study,for the first time,we have demonstrated dual atomic catalytic sites for CO_(2)RR from a core-shell hybrid of the covalent-organic framework and the metal-organic framework.Due to abundant dual atomic sites(with CoN_(4)O and ZnN_(4) of 2.47 and 11.05 wt.%,respectively)on hollow carbon,the catalyst promoted catalysis of CO_(2)RR,with the highest Faradic efficiency for CO of 92.6%at-0.8 V and a turnover frequency value of 1370.24 h^(-1) at-1.0 V.More importantly,the activity and selectivity of the catalyst were well retained for 30 h.The theoretical calculation further revealed that CoN_(4)O was the main site for CO_(2)RR,and the activity of and selectivity for Zn sites were also improved because of the synergetic roles.

In-situ fabrication of dual porous titanium dioxide films as anode for carbon cathode based perovskite solar cell

We develop a dual porous （DP） TiO2 film for the electron transporting layer （ETL） in carbon cathode based perovskite solar cells （C-PSCs）. The DP TiO2 film was synthesized via a facile PS-templated method with the thickness being controlled by the spin-coating speed. It was found that there is an optimum DP TiO2 film thickness for achieving an effective ETL, a suitable perovskite]TiO2 interface, an efficient light harvester and thus a high performance C-PSC. In particular, such a DP TiO2 film can act as a scaffold for complete-filling of the pores with perovskite and for forming high-quality perovskite crystals that are seamlessly interfaced with Ti02 to enhance interracial charge injection. Leveraging the unique advantages of DP TiO2 ETL, together with a dense-packed and pinhole-free TiO2 compact layer, PCE of the C-PSCs has reached 9.81% with good stability.

Integrated Co3O4/carbon fiber paper for high-performance anode of dual-ion battery

In dual-ion batteries (DIBs), energy storage is achieved by intercalation/de-intercalation of both cations and anions. Due to the mismatch between ion diameter and layer space of active materials, however, volume expansion and exfoliation always occur for electrode materials. Herein, an integrated electrode Co3O4/carbon fiber paper (CFP) is prepared as the anode of DIB. As the Co3O4 nanosheets grow on CFP substrate vertically, it promotes the immersion of electrolyte and shortens the pathway for ionic transport. Besides, the strong interaction between Co3O4 and CFP substrate reduces the possibility of sheet exfoliation. An integrated-electrode-based DIB is therefore packaged using Co3O4/CFP as anode and graphite as cathode. As a result, a high energy density of 72 Wh/kg is achieved at a power density of 150 W/kg. The design of integrated electrode provides a new route for the development of high-performance DIBs.