Trade,Power,and Welfare:An International Economic Political Analysis of Great Power Competition

Traditional international trade theories seldom consider the pursuit of power as maintaining and enlarging a country's relative strength in the process of interstate competition.However,in the context of great power competition,the importance of power in the trade between advanced and latecomer countries has become more pronounced.Given this situation,we can establish a tractable and generalized international economic political framework for analyzing great power competition by introducing the power factor into classic two-country trade theory,treating the absolute welfare and relative welfare emphasized by economics and political science respectively as actors'dual objectives,and making use of game theory methods.It can be found that in a two-country game composed of an advanced and a latecomer country,the latter will prefer a strategy of"enhancing its own strength and rectifying its own weak points,"while the former will favor a strategy that""worsens the other's weak points and enhances the other's strengths."Once the technological gap that determines comparative advantage narrows,the advanced country will tend to totally suppress the latecomer and even"decouple"from it.

Anion competition for Li^(+)solvated coordination environments in poly(1,3 dioxolane)electrolyte to enable high-voltage lithium metal solid-state batteries

Gel-based polymer electrolytes are limited by the polarity of the residual solvent,which restricts the coupling-breaking behaviour during Li^(+)conduction,resulting in the Li^(+)transport kinetics being greatly affected.Here,we designed anion competitive gel polymer electrolyte(ACPE)by introducing lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate(LiDFOB)anion into the 1,3-dioxolane(DOL)in situ polymerisation system.ACPE enhances the ionic dipole interaction between Li^(+)and the solvent molecules and synergizes with Li^(+)across the solvation site of the polymer ethylene oxide(EO)unit,combination that greatly improves the Li^(+)transport efficiency.As a result,ACPE exhibits 1.12 mS cm^(−1)ionic conductivity and 0.75 Li^(+)transfer number at room temperature.Additionally,this intra-polymer solvation sheath allows preferential desolvation of DFOB−,which contributes to the formation of kinetically stable anion-derived interphase and effectively mitigates side reactions.Our results demonstrate that the assembled Li||NCM622 solid-state battery exhibits lifespan of over 300 cycles with average Coulombic efficiency of 98.8%and capacity retention of 80.3%.This study introduces a novel approach for ion migration and interface design,paving the way for high-safety and high-energy-density batteries.

Tree allometry responses to competition and complementarity in mixed-species plantations of Betula alnoides

Tree allometry plays a crucial role in tree survival,stability,and timber quantity and quality of mixed-species plantations.However,the responses of tree allometry to resource utilisation within the framework of interspecific competition and complementarity remain poorly understood.Taking into consideration strong-and weakspace competition(SC and WC),as well as N_(2)-fixing and non-N_(2)-fixing tree species(FN and nFN),a mixedspecies planting trial was conducted for Betula alnoides,a pioneer tree species,which was separately mixed with Acacia melanoxylon(SC+FN),Erythrophleum fordii(WC+FN),Eucalyptus cloeziana(SC+nFN)and Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis(WC+nFN)in southern China.Six years after planting,tree growth,total nitrogen(N)and carbon(C)contents,and the natural abundances of^(15)N and^(13)C in the leaves were measured for each species,and the mycorrhizal colonisation rates of B.alnoides were investigated under each treatment.Allometric variations and their relationships with space competition and nutrient-related factors were analyzed.The results showed a consistent effect of space competition on the height-diameter relationship of B.alnoides in mixtures with FN or nFN.The tree height growth of B.alnoides was significantly promoted under high space competition,and growth in diameter at breast height(DBH),tree height and crown size were all expedited in mixtures with FN.The symbiotic relationship between ectomycorrhizal fungi and B.alnoides was significantly influenced by both space competition and N_(2) fixation by the accompanying tree species,whereas such significant effects were absent for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.Furthermore,high space competition significantly decreased the water use efficiency(WUE)of B.alnoides,and its N use efficiency(NUE)was much lower in the FN mixtures.Structural equation modeling further demonstrated that the stem allometry of B.alnoides was affected by its NUE and WUE via changes in its height growth,and crown allometry was influenced by the mycorrhizal symbiotic relationship.Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms driving tree allometric responses to above-and belowground resource competition and complementarity in mixed-species plantations,which are instructive for the establishment of mixed-species plantations.

Dilemmas and Optimization of Third-Party Assessment System in Chinese Fair Competition Review

The current predominant self-review mechanism by policy-making bodies suffers from deficiencies such as insufficient motivations, limited review capabilities, and weak external supervision. Third-party assessment, characterized by independence and specialization, is designed to mitigate these shortcomings. However, the implementation of third-party assessment faces challenges too. This paper intends to improve the third-party assessment system and to realize the legislative purpose of the system. Based on social research, discussions and exchanges with relevant parties, and the existing research results, this paper analyzes the challenges and possible optimization measures for the third-party assessment. The challenges include repulsion from policy-making bodies, insufficient independence of assessment bodies, disparity of assessment quality, and limited application of assessment outcomes. Possible optimization measures include promoting fair competition culture, increasing the acceptance of third-party assessment from policy-making bodies, enhancing the quality of third-party assessment, clarifying the relationship between policy-making bodies and assessment bodies, ensuring the independence of third-party assessments, and promoting the application of assessment results.

Teaching Reform and Practice of Functional Experiment Based on the Cultivation of Excellent Medical Talents

In order to cultivate excellent clinical medical talents with a solid foundation, strong literacy, refined skills, excellent communication abilities, innovative thinking, and a strong focus on practicality, functional experiments have undergone a series of reforms in areas such as constructing new curriculum systems, improving teaching content, updating teaching equipment, introducing new teaching models, and enhancing teaching evaluation systems.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the neuromuscular junction during developmental axonal competition and synapse elimination

During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and synapses.Hebbian competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or strengthening.We have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse consolidation.The purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this process.In particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental competition.The dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific endings.We describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated TrkB/p75NTR pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon terminals.The downstream displacement of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary synapses.Finally,calcium entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to reduce transmitter release and promote withdrawal of the most unfavorable nerve terminals during elimination(the weakest in acetylcholine release and those that have already become silent).The main findings contribute to a better understanding of punishment-rewarding interactions between nerve endings during development.Identifying the molecular targets and signaling pathways that allow synapse consolidation or withdrawal of synapses in different situations is important for potential therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.

Discussion on the Application of Technical and Tactical Skills in Mixed Martial Arts Competitions

This article mainly analyzes the application of technical and tactical skills in mixed martial arts competitions,including mixed martial arts and its competition characteristics,the main application significance of technical and tactical skills in mixed martial arts competitions,and its primary application strategies.It is hoped that this analysis can provide some guidelines for the appropriate application of mixed martial arts athletes’technical and tactical skills to improve their winning rate in mixed martial arts competitions.

Research on the Role of Guiding Students to Participate in Skills Competitions on the Development of Young Teachers in Vocational Colleges

This paper explores the role of guiding students to participate in skills competitions on the development of young teachers in vocational colleges.We investigate the impact of skills competitions on the consolidation of professional knowledge,development of innovation capabilities,improvement of hands-on abilities,and enhancement of communication skills with students.The results of this research demonstrate that skills competitions have a positive influence on the professional growth of young teachers.The consolidation of professional knowledge,development of innovation capabilities,improvement of hands-on abilities,and enhancement of communication skills collectively contribute to the effectiveness of young teachers in vocational colleges.It is recommended that vocational colleges prioritize and support the participation of young teachers in skills competitions to foster their professional development.

Teaching Design and Implementation of the Electrical and Electronic Technology Course Based on Teaching Ability Competition

The teaching ability competition is a vital method for stimulating teachers’enthusiasm and enhancing their teaching skills.This approach has gained increasing attention from colleges and universities in recent years.The competition focuses on evaluating teachers’capabilities in designing and implementing lessons,encouraging the exchange of new educational ideas and high-quality teaching methods.Reforming the teaching of Electrical and Electronic Technology courses based on insights from teaching competitions can significantly improve teaching quality.This paper explores the teaching design and implementation of the Electrical and Electronic Technology course,drawing on the principles of teaching ability competitions.First,it analyzes the existing problems in teaching this course.Then,it highlights the significant benefits that teaching competitions bring to the course.Based on these insights,the paper proposes practical strategies aimed at enhancing students’interest and practical skills,thereby promoting innovative developments in teaching Electrical and Electronic Technology.

Analysis of The Impact of Excellent Event Management on the Safety of Patients and Clinical Caregivers

Objective: To investigate the impact of excellent event management in improving patient safety and nursing staff care satisfaction. Methods: The study was analyzed by retrospective comparison, and routine management from January 2022 to December 2022 was set as the control group, and excellent event management from January 2023 to January 2024 was set as the study group. The differences in nursing outcomes between both groups were compared. Results: The rate of adverse events in the study group (0.61%) was lower than that in the control group (0.96%), and the rate of excellent events in the study group (2.57%) was higher than that in the control group (0.97%) (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the satisfaction level of nursing safety in the study group reached 98.81%, which was much higher than in the control group (92.21%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Nursing excellent event management had a positive impact on improving patient care safety satisfaction, reducing the rate of adverse events, and increasing the rate of reporting excellent events.

Discussion on the Integration of“Post,Course,Competition,Certificate”:Taking the Internet of Things Application Technology Courses in Higher Vocational Colleges as an Example

This article explores the development of the Internet of Things(IoT)application technology course in higher vocational colleges under the background of“post,course,competition,certificate.”It first emphasizes the importance of IoT talent training and course construction in higher vocational colleges and deeply analyzes the core concept of“post,course,competition,certificate”integration.In view of the problems faced in the course construction of IoT application technology in higher vocational colleges and the practical experience of Tianjin Vocational College of Mechanics and Electricity,the implementation strategy of the course construction of IoT application technology in higher vocational colleges is elaborated in detail based on the integrated concept of“post,course,competition,certificate.”

The Model of“Post,Course,Competition,Certificate”Integrated Education for Electronic Information Engineering Technology Major in Higher Vocational Colleges

The core education function of higher vocational colleges is to train technical talents with high quality,so as to meet the needs of talents in the development stage of our society.Under the guidance of talent training,higher vocational colleges need to pay attention to establishing an all-round and three-dimensional education model,and promote innovation of higher vocational education on the basis of this.It is also a way to promote the innovation of higher vocational education to vigorously promote the construction of“post,course,competition,certificate”mode in the construction of education mode.Through the construction of“post,course,competition,certificate”mode,the education mode of higher vocational colleges is gradually improved,so as to strengthen the effectiveness of talent training in higher vocational colleges.Therefore,in this paper,the author puts forward some suggestions to promote the construction of the integrated education mode of the electronic information engineering technology major in higher vocational colleges,so as to help improve the talent training level of higher vocational colleges.

Empowering Vocational Students to Excel in Skills Competitions:Challenges and Recommendations

This paper analyzes the key challenges faced by vocational college students when participating in national skills competitions.It identifies problems such as limited resources,insufficient training,lack of mentorship,academic workload constraints,and inadequate equipment.Targeted solutions are proposed,including improving resource access,providing structured skill training,implementing expert mentorship programs,offering flexible schedules,and upgrading experimental equipment.Implementing these recommendations through a collaborative effort among stakeholders can significantly empower vocational students to excel in skills competitions by enabling access to resources,building practical skills,obtaining guidance,managing time effectively,and gaining hands-on experience.

WPS EXCEL在《化工技术经济》教学中的应用

《化工技术经济》课程具有综合性、实用性、实践性等主要特点,结合课程教学目标及毕业要求指标点,为了提高课堂教学效果,调动学生的学习积极性,针对决策上的数据处理、分析内容,改变教学方法,利用计算机的WPS EXCEL软件工具来解决复杂的财务数据处理,不仅能提高数据的处理速度和精度,而且也能吸引学生的学习兴趣,提升了学习质量。

VBA结合Excel在施工进度横道图制图软件开发中的应用研究

施工进度计划是建设项目施工组织设计中的重要内容,横道图是水利水电项目设计阶段施工总进度计划的主要表示方法。本文依托Microsoft Office Excel内嵌的VBA语言简单、方便、高效的特点和优势,探索研发了一款符合水利水电行业设计习惯的施工进度横道图制图软件,可以减少人力投入,提高设计效率,满足行业设计需求。软件具有自动进行工程量汇总、强度累计、制作强度曲线图、绘制施工总进度横道图并标注线条强度、分期分幅出图、进度线条批量平移(含部分项目跨停工时段平移)等功能,在诸多水利水电项目设计中得到良好应用。

基于Excel测试模板的变频器自动测试程序设计

变频器作为微波信号发射端和接收端的重要器件,对收发系统性能具有较大影响,因此,需对相关参数进行测试。本文针对其种类、测试参数和测试仪器设备多,以及测试人员要求高、人工测试效率低,开发设计变频器自动测试程序,并基于Excel测试模板,实现定制化测试。

回归正交设计响应面图的Excel绘制法

回归正交设计是非常实用的实验设计方法,但数据处理步骤比较繁琐,因此采用Excel软件处理数据及绘图对结果进行可视化呈现,能使学生更好地理解和应用该方法。本文简洁介绍了利用Excel 2019软件处理二次回归正交设计数据的方法,详细给出了响应面图和等高线图的绘制过程,图形规范,清晰美观。该方法简便快速,学生易于掌握。

Excel支持的匀变速运动位移公式的探究教学

匀变速直线运动的位移公式是教学中的难点。在分析人教版新教材编写设计和高一学生学情后,提出以Excel软件作为技术支持的科学探究教学改进方案。通过v-t图像围成的面积和真实位移的数据对比,得到匀变速直线运动v-t图像围成的面积表示位移的结论。

应用型本科高校“Excel人力资源管理工具应用”课程建设研究

数据分析技术在人力资源管理行业中的应用越来越广泛,但目前人力资源管理专业学生的数据分析能力相对薄弱。通过对应用型本科高校“Excel人力资源管理工具应用”课程建设进行研究,找出原有课程教学中存在的主要问题,对课程内容进行重构和设计,注重Excel工具应用的教授及数据分析素养的提升,培养高素质的应用型人力资源数据分析人才。

Excel软件在医学统计学课程中的教学应用探讨

在医学数据统计处理中,常用的统计软件包括SAS、SPSS和R。此外,掌握Excel软件中的统计功能对于提高数据处理能力也是一个极佳的选择。文章以《卫生统计学》教材为例,展示了数据处理的过程,并探讨了计量资料的均数、标准差、配对设计资料的t检验、两个独立样本的t检验以及单因素方差分析在统计分析中的应用方法。Excel软件可以作为医学统计学课程的辅助教学软件。