An Energy Trading Method Based on Alliance Blockchain and Multi-Signature

Blockchain,known for its secure encrypted ledger,has garnered attention in financial and data transfer realms,including the field of energy trading.However,the decentralized nature and identity anonymity of user nodes raise uncertainties in energy transactions.The broadcast consensus authentication slows transaction speeds,and frequent single-point transactions in multi-node settings pose key exposure risks without protective measures during user signing.To address these,an alliance blockchain scheme is proposed,reducing the resource-intensive identity verification among nodes.It integrates multi-signature functionality to fortify user resources and transac-tion security.A novel multi-signature process within this framework involves neutral nodes established through central nodes.These neutral nodes participate in multi-signature’s signing and verification,ensuring user identity and transaction content privacy.Reducing interactions among user nodes enhances transaction efficiency by minimizing communication overhead during verification and consensus stages.Rigorous assessments on reliability and operational speed highlight superior security performance,resilient against conventional attack vectors.Simulation shows that compared to traditional solutions,this scheme has advantages in terms of running speed.In conclusion,the alliance blockchain framework introduces a novel approach to tackle blockchain’s limitations in energy transactions.The integrated multi-signature process,involving neutral nodes,significantly enhances security and privacy.The scheme’s efficiency,validated through analytical assessments and simulations,indicates robustness against security threats and improved transactional speeds.This research underscores the potential for improved security and efficiency in blockchain-enabled energy trading systems.

Effectiveness of intravitreal ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema in vitrectomized versus non-vitrectomized eyes:a Meta-analysis

AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab(IVR)for diabetic macular edema(DME)in vitrectomized versus non-vitrectomized eyes.METHODS:The PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,Cochrane,EBSCO were comprehensively searched for studies comparing vitrectomized and non-vitrectomized eyes with DME.Clinical outcomes of best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT),the mean number of intravitreal injection and adverse events were extracted and analyzed.RESULTS:Six studies involving 641 eyes were included.Final visual gain significantly improved and CMT significantly reduced in vitrectomized eyes at 6mo and 12mo visits(P<0.05).Although the mean reduction in CMT among non-vitrectomized eyes was significantly greater than in vitrectomized eyes at the 6mo[mean difference(MD)=53.57,95%confidence interval(CI):28.03 to 78.72,P<0.0001]and 12mo(MD=49.65,95%CI:19.58 to 79.72,P=0.01),no significant difference was detected in improvement in BCVA at either 6mo(MD=0.05,95%CI:-0.02 to 0.13,P=0.14)or 12mo(MD=0.03,95%CI:-0.04 to 0.09,P=0.43).Injection number of ranibizumab in non-vitrectomized eyes was significantly less than that in vitrectomized eyes during 6-month period(MD=0.60,95%CI:0.16 to 1.04,P=0.008),while there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups during 12mo of follow-up.CONCLUSION:Evidence from current study suggests that IVR was useful for both vitrectomized group and nonvitrectomized group with DME.Although less reduction in macular thickness is found in vitrectomized group,visual improvement between two groups is similar.

Intraocular pressure before and after capsulorhexis using two viscoelastic substances and two surgical approaches in enucleated porcine eyes

AIM:To investigate the influence of ophthalmic viscoelastic devices(OVDs)and different surgical approaches on the intraocular pressure(IOP)before and after creation of the curvilinear circular capsulorhexis(CCC)as a measure for anterior chamber stability during this maneuver.METHODS:Prospective experimental WetLab study carried out on enucleated porcine eyes.IOP was measured before and after CCC with the iCare Rebound tonometer(iCare ic200;iCare Finland Oy,Vantaa,Finland).The OVDs used were a cohesive one[Z-Hyalin,Carl Zeiss Meditec AG,Germany;hyaluronic acid(HA)]and a dispersive[Z-Celcoat,Carl Zeiss Meditec AG,Germany;hydroxy propylmethylcellulosis(HPMC)].The CCC was created using Utrata forceps or 23 g microforceps in different combinations with the OVDs.RESULTS:Using the Utrata forceps the IOP dropped from 63.65±6.44 to 11.25±3.63 mm Hg during the CCC.The use of different OVDs made no difference.Using the 23 g microforceps the IOP dropped from 65.35±8.15 to 36.55±6.09 mm Hg.The difference between IOP drop using either Utrata forceps or 23 g microforceps was highly significant regardless of the OVD used.CONCLUSION:Using the sideport for the creation of the capsulorhexis leads to a lesser drop in IOP during this maneuver compared to the main incision in enucleated porcine eyes.The use of different OVD has no significant influence on IOP drop.

Insight into small eyes: a practical description from phenotypes presentations to the management

This narrative review aimed to have an algorithmic approach to microphthalmos by a systematic search.The definition can be related to a number of special phenotypes.In the more challenging cases of complex microphthalmos,relative anterior microphthalmos,and nanophthalmos,the surgeon can approach these cases more safely if they have a deep understanding of the anatomical variations and ideal formulae for intraocular lens computation and knows how to avoid intra-and post-operative complications.In this article,we review the criteria by which we recognize and describe pre-,intra-,and post-operative considerations,as well as discuss the ideal intraocular lenses for microphthalmos,given the intricate varieties of small eye phenotypes.

Efficacy of Online Learning and Influence on Skin and Eyes Among College Students

To evaluate the efficacy of online learning and explore the impact of long-term use of electronic products on facial skin as well as eyes.A cross-sectional survey was conducted to 180 sophomores in Xi′an Jiaotong University by cluster random sampling from September to October 2021.The questionnaire covering study condition,skin lesion and Ocular Surface Disease Index.χ_(2) test was used to compare the facial skin condition among different groups,and spearman correlation test was used to test the correlation of rank data.During online education,students′learning pressure is reduced,their autonomy is improved,and the learning efficiency is reduced.There were differences in the incidence of facial itching and papules among different groups.Duration of use of electronic products was positively correlated with the facial itching,with an r value of 0.231(P<0.05);the proportion of pigmentation in non-blue light protection groups(12.8%)was higher than that in blue light protection groups(1.7%),the difference was statistically significant(χ_(2)=8.384,P<0.05).The prevalence of dry eye among college students is 66.7%,and the proportion of moderate to severe dry eye is 34.5%.The study autonomy has been improved during online teaching.Long-term use of electronic products and no blue light protection have an impact on facial skin.Students should enhance the knowledge of skin-care and eye-care and develop better habits.

Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Foldable Capsular Vitreous Body Implant Surgery in 22 Cases of Silicone Oil-dependent Eyes

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of foldable capsular vitreous body(FCVB)implant surgery in silicone oil-dependent eyes.Methods A total of 22 participants with silicone oil-dependent eyes who received treatment with FCVB implant surgery between January 2019 and June 2020 were included in this retrospective study.The intraocular pressure(IOP),best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),demographic data,and any recorded complications were evaluated.Results The postoperative IOP(12.73±4.20 mmHg)was significantly improved(P=0.03)compared to the preoperative IOP(10.23±3.69 mmHg)(the main endpoint).There was no significant difference(P=0.33)in the final BCVA preoperation and 3rd month postoperation(the secondary endpoint).The most common postoperative complication was hyphema.Other common postoperative complications included corneal opacity,a shallow anterior chamber,and a low IOP.Conclusion FCVB implant surgery is a safe and effective method for treating silicone oil-dependent eyes;however,attention should be paid to the prevention and timely treatment of complications.

Remarks By Miguel Angel Moratinos,Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations&High Representative for the Alliance of Civilisations of the United Nations

I am very pleased and privileged to be addressing the thematic segment of the Third Belt and Road Forum for the second time.I am also delighted to be back to Beijing in less than 3 months.My latest visit was in last July at the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding.

Lights,Camera,Action:The Belt and Road Film Festival Alliance

BASED on the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013,the Belt and Road Film Festival Alliance and the Belt and Road Film Week were founded at the 21st Shanghai International Film Festival(SIFF)in June 2018.In the past five years membership of the alliance has grown from 31 film institutions in 29 countries to 55 institutions in 48 countries.

Buildinga New Vision for Cooperation and Development of International Tourism Cities The International Tourism Alliance of Silk Road Cities Founded

On September 1,2023,a launch ceremony for the International Tourism Alliance of Silk Road Cities was held in Jingdezhen,Jiangxi Province,along with a series of other activities,including the“International Forum on Culture and Tourism Development of Silk Road Cities”2023,and the“Charming Silk Road,Connecting the World-Silk Road Tourism Cities Joint Promotion Exhibition”.

2023 World Tourism Alliance·Xianghu Dialogue Opens in Hangzhou

2023 World Tourism Alliance(WTA)·Xianghu Dialogue,focusing on cooperation,transformation,co-creation,sharing,empowerment,and gathering momentum,aims to explore the potential of tourism in connecting the world,boosting economies,fostering innovation,promoting industry integration,and accelerating sustainable high-quality development.

Different concentrations of hyaluronic acid eye drops for dry eye syndrome: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

AIM:To compare high or low concentration of hyaluronic acid eye drops(HY)for dry eye syndromes(DES).METHODS:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)comparing various concentrations of HY were searched in PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane,SinoMed,CNKI,Wanfang Database,CQVIP,and Chinese journals databases between inception and July 2023.Pooled standardized mean differences(SMD)or weighted mean difference(WMD)with 95%confidence intervals(CI)from RCTs evaluating Schirmer’s I test(SIT),corneal fluorescein staining score(CFS),tear breakup time(TBUT),DES score(DESS),and Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)were calculated.Sensitivity analysis,Egger’s test and Meta-regression analysis were performed for all indicators.RESULTS:We conducted a Meta-analysis of 10 RCTs that met the inclusion criteria,involving 1796 cases.High-concentrations group significantly improved the outcome of CFS according to random effects modelling(SMD,-3.37;95%CI,-5.25 to-1.48;P=0.0005).The rest of the results were not statistically significant,including indicators such as SIT,TBUT,DESS and OSDI.CONCLUSION:For dry eyes with positive corneal staining,a high concentration of HY is recommended,whereas in other cases,a high concentration of HY does not offer a more pronounced advantage over a low concentration of HY in the treatment of dry eyes.

Distribution of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity of eye infections in Suzhou

AIM:To investigate the types of bacteria in patients with eye infections in Suzhou and their drug resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs.METHODS:The clinical data of 155 patients were retrospectively collected in this study,and the pathogenic bacteria species and drug resistance of each pathogenic bacteria were analyzed.RESULTS:Among the 155 patients(age from 12 to 87 years old,with an average age of 57,99 males and 56 females)with eye infections(160 eyes:74 in the left eye,76 in the right eye and 5 in both eyes,all of which were exogenous),71(45.81%)strains were gram-positive bacteria,23(14.84%)strains were gram-negative bacteria and 61(39.35%)strains were fungi.Gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin and erythromycin(78.87%and 46.48%respectively),but least resistant to vancomycin at 0.Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to cefoxitin and compound sulfamethoxazole(100%and 95.65%respectively),but least resistant to meropenem at 0.Comparison of the resistance of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria to some drugs revealed statistically significant differences(P<0.05)in the resistance of both to cefoxitin,cotrimoxazole,levofloxacin,cefuroxime,ceftriaxone and ceftazidime,and both had higher rates of resistance to gram-negative bacteria than to gram-positive bacteria.The distribution of bacterial infection strains showed that Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common strain in the conjunctiva,cornea,aqueous humor or vitreous body and other eye parts.Besides,Fusarium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also among the most common strains of conjunctival and corneal infections.CONCLUSION:Gram-positive bacteria are the dominant bacteria in eye infections,followed by gram-negative bacteria and fungi.Considering the resistance of gramnegative bacteria to multiple drugs,monitoring of bacteria should be strengthened in eye bacterial infections for effective prevention and control to reduce complications caused by eye infections.

Evaluation of dry eye disease symptomatology and mental health status among patients with different COVID-19 statuses

AIM:To evaluate dry eye disease(DED)symptomatology and mental health status in different COVID-19 patients.METHODS:A cross-sectional observational design was used.Totally 123 eligible adults(46.34%of men,age range,18-59y)with COVID-19 included in the study from August to November,2022.Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI),Five-item Dry Eye Questionnaire(DEQ-5),Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS),and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)were used in this study.RESULTS:OSDI scores were 6.82(1.25,15.91)in asymptomatic carriers,7.35(2.50,18.38)in mild cases,and 16.67(4.43,28.04)in recurrent cases,with 30.00%,35.56%,and 57.89%,respectively evaluated as having DED symptoms(χ2=7.049,P=0.029).DEQ-5 score varied from 2.00(0,6.00)in asymptomatic carriers,3.00(0,8.00)in mild cases,and 8.00(5.00,10.00)in recurrent cases,with 27.50%,33.33%,and 55.26%,respectively assessed as having DED symptoms(χ2=8.532,P=0.014).The prevalence of clinical anxiety(50.00%)and depression(47.37%)symptoms were also significantly higher in patients with recurrent infection(χ2=24.541,P<0.001;χ2=30.871,P<0.001).Recurrent infection was a risk factor for high OSDI scores[odds ratio,2.562;95%confidence interval(CI),1.631-7.979;P=0.033]and DEQ-5 scores(odds ratio,3.353;95%CI,1.038-8.834;P=0.043),whereas having a fixed occupation was a protective factor for OSDI scores(odds ratio,0.088;95%CI,0.022-0.360;P=0.001)and DEQ-5 scores(odds ratio,0.126;95%CI,0.039-0.405;P=0.001).CONCLUSION:Patients with recurrent COVID-19 have more severe symptoms of DED,anxiety,and depression.

Dry eye rate and its relationship with disease stage in patients with primary hypertension:a cross-sectional study in Vietnam

AIM:To determine the dry eye(DE)rate and its relationship with disease stage in patients with primary hypertension.METHODS:A cross-sectional study included 432 patients with primary hypertension(with an equal number of patients in each group:144 in stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ hypertension)and 144 healthy subjects as a control group.The Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)and Schirmer Ⅰ test without anesthetics were conducted on all 576 subjects.Subjects with OSDI scores<13 and Schirmer Ⅰ values equal to or under 10 mm were diagnosed with DE.RESULTS:The ratio of DE in hypertension patients was higher than in the control group(41.7%versus 18.8%;P<0.001).The proportion of patients with DE increased gradually according to the hypertension stage:27.1% in stage Ⅰ,40.3% in stage Ⅱ,and 57.6% in stage Ⅲ,P<0.001.Age,duration of hypertension,plasma urea,creatinine,and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(CRP-hs)levels in hypertension patients with DE were higher than those without DE,P<0.001.Advanced age,a long duration of hypertension,diabetes mellitus,elevated plasma creatinine,and CRP-hs levels were independent factors associated with DE in primary hypertension patients,P<0.001.CONCLUSION:DE is a common disorder associated with advanced age,a long duration of hypertension,diabetes mellitus,elevated plasma CRP-hs,and creatinine levels in patients with primary hypertension.

Efficacy of recombinant human epidermal growth factor plus sodium hyaluronate eye drops in diabetic dry eye post-cataract surgery

BACKGROUND Dry eye syndrome(DES)after diabetic cataract surgery can seriously affect the patient’s quality of life.Therefore,effective alleviation of symptoms in patients with this disease has important clinical significance.AIM To explore the clinical effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor(rhEGF)plus sodium hyaluronate(SH)eye drops on DES after cataract surgery in patients with diabetes.METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 82 patients with diabetes who experienced DES after cataract surgery at Tianjin Beichen Hospital,Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University between April 2021 and April 2023.They were classified into an observation group(42 cases,rhEGF+SH eye drops)and a control group(40 cases,SH eye drops alone),depending on the different treatment schemes.The therapeutic efficacy,dry eye symptom score,tear film breakup time(TFBUT),basic tear secretion score[assessed using Schirmer I test(SIt)],corneal fluorescein staining(FL)score,tear inflammatory markers,adverse reactions during treat-ment,and treatment satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Therapeutic efficacy was higher in the observation group compared with the control group.Both groups showed improved TFBUT and dry eye,as well as improved SIt and FL scores after treatment,with a more pronounced improvement in the observation group.Although no marked differences in adverse reactions were observed between the two groups,treatment satisfaction was higher in the observation group.CONCLUSION rhEGF+SH eye drops rendered clinical benefits to patients by effectively ameliorating dry eye and visual impairment with favorable efficacy,fewer adverse reactions,and high safety levels.Thus,this treatment should be promoted in clinical practice.

Globalization Under the Spells of Breakdowns in Supply Chains, Regime Change, Regime Formation, and Alliance Restructuring: How Much Is Left for Public Goods?

In a paper conceived about five years ago(“Globalization and Public Goods:Too Big to Tackle?”)roughly a dozen factors were linked to explain important causal paths from globalization to the potential output of public goods.The Russian invasion of Ukraine,the corona epidemic,and the increased hegemonic rivalry between China and the U.S.interrupted or even destroyed many of the linkages between globalization and potential public good production.About five important detrimental paths involved in the meantime.In the present article we aim at linking what is left from the previous level of globalization or emerging to form a new and simplified causal model for likely linkages between truncated or(re-)emerging globalization,and the deadly needed output of public goods.These linkages refer to rules of climate control,go to trade linkages and arbitrary tariffs and trade interventions.Regime change,regime formation,and alliance restructuring address aspects of domestic rule and international stability.Selectorate theory,regime type,and exit options for political elites provide key explanatory factors in explaining globalization and public goods productions,or their decay.Where possible we use some data and transformation experiences corroborating our arguments.In other instances need for further empirical macro research will become clear.

Assessment of tear film parameters post-treatment with commercial eyelid cleaning wipes:a pilot study

AIM:To investigate the short-term effects of commercially available eyelid-cleaning wipes on film parameters.METHODS:This study enrolled 48 healthy participants aged 20-35y(both males and females).Clinical assessment included the Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)questionnaire,non-invasive tear break-up time(NITBUT),tear meniscus height(TMH),and lipid layer pattern(LLP).Based on these initial results,participants were categorized as either non-dry eye or dry eye.Participants in each group were randomly allocated to either Blephaclean■or Systane■treatments.Changes in NITBUT,TMH,and LLP levels before and after lid wipe treatment were assessed.RESULTS:The dry eye group exhibited significantly higher OSDI scores and lower NITBUT and TMH levels than in the non-dry eye group(P<0.001).Following the application of eyelid wipes(Systane■wipes),dry eye subjects experienced a significant improvement in NITBUT levels(P=0.0014)compared to the non-dry eye individuals.Although the remaining participants showed a marginal increase in TMH and NITBUT levels,these changes did not achieve statistical significance(P>0.05).Similarly,the LLP levels were significantly improved with Systane■(P<0.001)post-treatment compared to individuals in the non-dry eye group.However,the dry eye subjects showed higher posttreatment LLP levels than the untreated group(P<0.02).CONCLUSION:The short-term effects of Systane®eyelid wipes on tear film parameters suggest their effectiveness in dry eye disease.Nonetheless,further exploration of their long-term impact is essential to justify their cost effectiveness and efficacy in treating both aqueous deficiency and evaporative dryness.

Dual‑Atom Nanozyme Eye Drops Attenuate Inflammation and Break the Vicious Cycle in Dry Eye Disease

Dry eye disease(DED)is a major ocular pathology worldwide,causing serious ocular discomfort and even visual impairment.The incidence of DED is gradually increasing with the highfrequency use of electronic products.Although inflammation is core cause of the DED vicious cycle,reactive oxygen species(ROS)play a pivotal role in the vicious cycle by regulating inflammation from upstream.Therefore,current therapies merely targeting inflammation show the failure of DED treatment.Here,a novel dual-atom nanozymes(DAN)-based eye drops are developed.The antioxidative DAN is successfully prepared by embedding Fe and Mn bimetallic single-atoms in N-doped carbon material and modifying it with a hydrophilic polymer.The in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate the DAN is endowed with superior biological activity in scavenging excessive ROS,inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation,decreasing proinflammatory cytokines expression,and suppressing cell apoptosis.Consequently,the DAN effectively alleviate ocular inflammation,promote corneal epithelial repair,recover goblet cell density and tear secretion,thus breaking the DED vicious cycle.Our findings open an avenue to make the DAN as an intervention form to DED and ROSmediated inflammatory diseases.

Endophthalmitis in silicone oil-filled eye: A case report

BACKGROUND Endophthalmitis occurring in silicone oil-filled eyes is a very rare occurrence,with reported incidence rates ranging between 0.07%and 0.039%.Traditional methods of management of infectious endophthalmitis include the removal of silicone oil,washout of the vitreous cavity,administration of intravitreal antibiotics,and reinjection of silicone oil.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report the case of a 39-year-old man with unilateral endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade.Intravitreal injections of full-dose antibiotics and anterior chamber washout were used to treat the patient.No signs of retinal toxicity were observed during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION Intravitreal full-dose antibiotic injections and anterior chamber washout are promising alternatives to traditional therapies for endophthalmitis in silicone oilfilled eyes.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Diabetic Eye Disease among General Population in Medina City, Saudi Arabia

Background: Diabetic eye disease is known as a group of eye problems that diabetic patients may develop as a complication of diabetes and can lead to blindness. They may include Diabetic retinopathy (DR), Cataracts, and Glaucoma. Objectives: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) around diabetic eye disease in the general population including patients with DM and non-diabetic people in Medina City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 385 participants via a self-administered online Questionnaire started in January 2023 in Medina, Saudi Arabia. Results: In total, 339 participants with ages ranged from 18 to more than 60 years with a mean age of 26.8 ± 12.6 years old completed the questionnaire. The majority were females (74.6%), singles (67.8%), and had a university level of education (54.6%). Most of the study participants were found to have poor knowledge levels (67%) in comparison to 33% who had an overall good knowledge of diabetic eye diseases. Knowledge level was found to be higher among old-aged participants and those with a family history of DM (P = 0.001, P = 0.049) respectively. Regarding participants’ attitudes and practices, the study showed good attitudes toward eye care practice for diabetics with half of the participants (50%) reporting self-awareness as a reason that made them undergo the first eye screening. Conclusion: Participants in the present study have poor knowledge and awareness level of diabetic eye disease. Furthermore, positive attitudes and perceptions have been revealed by the participants toward the practice of providing eye care for diabetics. .