Test Case Generation Evaluator for the Implementation of Test Case Generation Algorithms Based on Learning to Rank

In software testing,the quality of test cases is crucial,but manual generation is time-consuming.Various automatic test case generation methods exist,requiring careful selection based on program features.Current evaluation methods compare a limited set of metrics,which does not support a larger number of metrics or consider the relative importance of each metric to the final assessment.To address this,we propose an evaluation tool,the Test Case Generation Evaluator(TCGE),based on the learning to rank(L2R)algorithm.Unlike previous approaches,our method comprehensively evaluates algorithms by considering multiple metrics,resulting in a more reasoned assessment.The main principle of the TCGE is the formation of feature vectors that are of concern by the tester.Through training,the feature vectors are sorted to generate a list,with the order of the methods on the list determined according to their effectiveness on the tested assembly.We implement TCGE using three L2R algorithms:Listnet,LambdaMART,and RFLambdaMART.Evaluation employs a dataset with features of classical test case generation algorithms and three metrics—Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain(NDCG),Mean Average Precision(MAP),and Mean Reciprocal Rank(MRR).Results demonstrate the TCGE’s superior effectiveness in evaluating test case generation algorithms compared to other methods.Among the three L2R algorithms,RFLambdaMART proves the most effective,achieving an accuracy above 96.5%,surpassing LambdaMART by 2%and Listnet by 1.5%.Consequently,the TCGE framework exhibits significant application value in the evaluation of test case generation algorithms.

Google Scholar University Ranking Algorithm to Evaluate the Quality of Institutional Research

Education quality has undoubtedly become an important local and international benchmark for education,and an institute’s ranking is assessed based on the quality of education,research projects,theses,and dissertations,which has always been controversial.Hence,this research paper is influenced by the institutes ranking all over the world.The data of institutes are obtained through Google Scholar(GS),as input to investigate the United Kingdom’s Research Excellence Framework(UK-REF)process.For this purpose,the current research used a Bespoke Program to evaluate the institutes’ranking based on their source.The bespoke program requires changes to improve the results by addressing these methodological issues:Firstly,Redundant profiles,which increased their citation and rank to produce false results.Secondly,the exclusion of theses and dissertation documents to retrieve the actual publications to count for citations.Thirdly,the elimination of falsely owned articles from scholars’profiles.To accomplish this task,the experimental design referred to collecting data from 120 UK-REF institutes and GS for the present year to enhance its correlation analysis in this new evaluation.The data extracted from GS is processed into structured data,and afterward,it is utilized to generate statistical computations of citations’analysis that contribute to the ranking based on their citations.The research promoted the predictive approach of correlational research.Furthermore,experimental evaluation reported encouraging results in comparison to the previous modi-fication made by the proposed taxonomy.This paper discussed the limitations of the current evaluation and suggested the potential paths to improve the research impact algorithm.

Traffic Incident Management Performance Measures: Ranking Agencies on Roadway Clearance Time

This study develops a procedure to rank agencies based on their incident responses using roadway clearance times for crashes. This analysis is not intended to grade agencies but to assist in identifying agencies requiring more training or resources for incident management. Previous NCHRP reports discussed usage of different factors including incident severity, roadway characteristics, number of lanes involved and time of incident separately for estimating the performance. However, it does not tell us how to incorporate all the factors at the same time. Thus, this study aims to account for multiple factors to ensure fair comparisons. This study used 149,174 crashes from Iowa that occurred from 2018 to 2021. A Tobit regression model was used to find the effect of different variables on roadway clearance time. Variables that cannot be controlled directly by agencies such as crash severity, roadway type, weather conditions, lighting conditions, etc., were included in the analysis as it helps to reduce bias in the ranking procedure. Then clearance time of each crash is normalized into a base condition using the regression coefficients. The normalization makes the process more efficient as the effect of uncontrollable factors has already been mitigated. Finally, the agencies were ranked by their average normalized roadway clearance time. This ranking process allows agencies to track their performance of previous crashes, can be used in identifying low performing agencies that could use additional resources and training, and can be used to identify high performing agencies to recognize for their efforts and performance.

Sustainability Intelligent Evaluation of Regional Microgrid Interconnection System Based on Combination Entropy Weight Rank Order-TOPSIS and NILA-KELM

Sustainability evaluation of regional microgrid interconnection system is conducive to a profound and comprehensive understanding of the impact of interconnection system projects.In order to realize the comprehensive and scientific intelligent evaluation of the system,this paper proposes an evaluation model based on combination entropy weight rank order-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)and Niche Immune Lion Algorithm-Extreme Learning Machine with Kernel(NILAKELM).Firstly,the sustainability evaluation indicator system of the regional microgrid interconnection system is constructed fromfour aspects of economic,environmental,social,and technical characteristics,and the evaluation indicators are explained.Then,the classical evaluationmodel based on TOPSIS is constructed,and the entropy weight method and rank order method(RO)are coupled to obtain the indicator weight.The niche immune algorithm is used to improve the lion algorithm,and the improved lion algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of KELM,and the intelligent evaluation model based on NILA-KELM is obtained to realize fast real-time calculation.Finally,the scientificity and accuracy of themodel proposed in this paper are verified.The model proposed in this paper has the lowest RMSE,MAE and RE values,indicating that its intelligent evaluation results are the most accurate.This study is conducive to the horizontal comparison of the overall performance of regional microgrid interconnection system projects,helps investors to choose the most promising project scheme,and helps the government to find feasible project.

Evaluation Method of Web Site Structure Based on Web Structure Mining

The structure of Web site became more complex than before. During the design period of a Web site, the lack of model and method results in improper Web structure, which depend on the designer's experience. From the point of view of software engineering, every period in the software life must be evaluated before starting the next period's work. It is very important and essential to search relevant methods for evaluating Web structure before the site is completed. In this work, after studying the related work about the Web structure mining and analyzing the major structure mining methods (Page\|rank and Hub/Authority), a method based on the Page\|rank for Web structure evaluation in design stage is proposed. A Web structure modeling language WSML is designed, and the implement strategies for evaluating system of the Web site structure are given out. Web structure mining has being used mainly in search engines before. It is the first time to employ the Web structure mining technology to evaluate a Web structure in the design period of a Web site. It contributes to the formalization of the design documents for Web site and the improving of software engineering for large scale Web site, and the evaluating system is a practical tool for Web site construction.

Study on Evaluation of Supplier's Quality Assurance System

To be a worldwide competitor, enterprise needs to e va luate and select its supplier carefully. Generally, to evaluate a supplier, the evaluating effort is focused on the purchase price, delivery time, product quali ty, etc. The vendors’ quality assurance is seldom considered. However, it reflec ts the ability that a vendor can provide high quality but low cost products cont inuously and stably. In this paper, with the study on evaluation of supplier’s q uality assurance system, a set of methods and indices to supplier’s quality assu rance evaluation is introduced. The indices construct an index system, which is based on the ISO9000 series standards. According to the problem’s character and the requirement of evaluation, all the evaluation indices are set off to three k inds: general index, functional index and protective index. And the evaluation m ethod combines quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis. Firstly, a sensi tive factor model is constructed to estimate the contribution of factors that ha ve key effect on synthetic evaluation in supplier’s quality system. Then, those suppliers having low evaluating value are rejected. Secondly, fuzzy logic is int roduced to evaluate other suppliers synthetically. The rest suppliers are compar able. So, supplier’s quality assurance system can be evaluated in quantity. Afte r unification works, the evaluated suppliers can be ranked. And the best vendor can be selected out intuitively.

A Rank-Sum Testing Method for Multi-Trait Comprehensive Ranking and Its Application

The rank-sum test is a nonparametric method used in variety evaluation. However, the hypothesis testing of the method hasn＇t been established for multi-trait comprehensive ranking. In this paper, under null hypothesis H0： the variety＇s ranking on each trait is random, the theoretical distribution of sum of ranks （SR） was firstly derived and further used to obtain the critical values for multi-trait comprehensive evaluation in rank-sum testing. A new C＋＋ class and its basic arithmetic were defined to deal with the miscount caused by the precision limitation of built-in data type in common statistical software under large number of varieties and traits. Finally, an application of the theoretical results was demonstrated using five starch viscosity traits of 12 glutinous maize varieties. The proposed method is so simple and convenient that it can be easily used to rank different varieties by multiple traits.

基于组合赋权与TOPSIS模型的腹腔镜系统技术指标体系建立与应用

目的设计腹腔镜系统技术指标评价体系,用于客观评价产品技术水平,为医院腹腔镜系统的遴选提供支撑。方法采用文献研究法、访谈法以及德尔菲法确认评价体系指标,并通过优序图法及熵权法综合确定指标权重,最终通过理想排序法获取产品评价排序。结果腹腔镜系统评价体系纳入一级指标1项,二级指标6项,三级指标11项,可用于评价2D腹腔镜系统。参与真实测评的2D白光腹腔镜系统10个,荧光8个,均完成产品排序。结论本研究建立的腹腔镜系统技术评价指标体系可用于开展真实产品测评。

世界大学可持续发展排名:设计要素、理论逻辑及现实启示

在全球可持续发展进程缓慢的背景下,传统大学排名不利于大学实现可持续发展。对此,2022年QS发布了首个世界大学可持续发展排名,对全球范围内大学的可持续发展状况进行评估。该排名不仅在概念模型、评估对象、指标体系、排名结果方面颇具特色,而且在评估中体现了基于可持续发展理论的目标逻辑、基于大学功能理论的价值逻辑、基于资源依赖理论的均衡逻辑、基于教育投入产出理论的效率逻辑。未来我国大学可持续发展评估体系的构思可考虑:以发展性的评估理念为导向,构建适应社会需求的评估体系;设计综合性的评估指标,全面考察大学的可持续发展情况;重视评估过程的标准化,保证评估结果的有效性。

魏晋公府从事中郎考述

魏晋时期,诸公及位从公的统兵幕府专设从事中郎一职。魏晋公府的从事中郎不再是以皇帝私属家臣身份督军的耳目,而是府君信赖的心腹僚属,与长官维持紧密的附庸关系。其地位介于长史、司马和参军、掾吏之间,作为高级行政助理,有权过问本府咨议、机要、人事、指挥、法宪等事务,并可全权代表府主办事,乃幕府纲纪显职。从事中郎的选任资格与乡品三品固定搭配,阀阅世资以高门士族为主,兼采优秀寒素。其仕宦履历不乏专属乡品二品的清要职位,晋升过程相互衔接司空见惯,反映当时门阀大幕虽已拉开,但对流孔道尚未完全封闭。从事中郎仕途的末段普遍跻身三品官,反证乡品对仕宦前景具有等位的预期功能。中正主观评议的乡品不同于单纯核算世资的门品,这是研究从事中郎及其他职官必须加以细致区分的。

基于AHP-TOPSIS的土壤重金属污染修复植物适宜性评价

目的筛选出适应性强、处理效果好的植物,用于解决困扰重金属污染土壤植物修复的选种难题。方法应用层次分析法构建以生态适应性、技术可行性、经济可行性为准则、下含8个影响因素的指标体系,建立判断矩阵,并对其构造进行改进,通过逼近理想解的排序法筛选出最适合的修复植物;把该模型用于沈阳市某化工厂被重金属严重污染的土壤修复,对15种植物进行评价、筛选。结果构造的改进判断矩阵评价误差更小;通过计算发现,在污染土壤植物修复工程中,耐旱性是影响修复效果的主要因素;筛选结果表明,狼尾草等适合用于该场地的植物修复,接近度为0.838,去除率可达82%。结论该植物筛选模型能综合考虑各评价指标的影响,可以客观、准确地筛选出修复植物。

辽宁省农村三产融合综合评价研究

农村一二三产融合是实现乡村振兴和农业农村现代化的重要手段,有利于农村经济的高质量发展.辽宁省农村一二三产融合在空间上分布不均衡,运用熵权法和秩和比综合评价法研究农村三产融合综合水平,对于辽宁省三产融合高质量发展具有理论与现实意义.首先分析了辽宁省2012—2021年农村三产融合水平的时序变化,然后以2021年为例对辽宁省14地市农村三产融合水平的空间差异进行研究.结果表明:从时间特征来看,辽宁省2012—2021年农村一二三产融合综合水平总体呈上升趋势,受2016年中国经济呈现的放缓态势的影响,2016年融合水平出现明显下降;从空间特征来看,2021年辽宁省农村一二三产融合综合水平各地存在空间差异,其中大连排名第一,沈阳次之,抚顺、营口、辽阳排名靠后,前后存在较大差距.采用障碍度模型计算障碍因子,各地应立足自身优势,弥补不足,关注生产效率和产业链延伸的同时更要注重社会效益和绿色可持续发展,推进辽宁农村三产业融合整体发展.

医学期刊发表中国指南和共识类文献科学性、透明性和适用性评级方法学———样本确定及专科分配

随着指南科学性、透明性和适用性评级工具(Scientific,Transparent and Applicable Rankings tool for clinical practice guidelines,STAR)的研发,2021年和2022年医学期刊发表中国指南和共识STAR评级结果以及部分专科指南和共识STAR评级结果的发布,STAR评级受到医学界广泛关注。为进一步提升STAR评级的科学性和透明性,STAR工作组方法与技术专业委员会特撰写本文,对评级过程中的样本确定及专科分配进行详细介绍。

突发公共卫生事件下各省医疗物资供给与医疗服务综合效率评价--基于DEA-RSR模型

文章对2020年新冠疫情下我国31个省份医院服务效率进行综合评价,并进行防疫前后综合效率对比,以帮助各省医疗系统提高弹性,在后疫情时代有效应对突发公共卫生事件。从提高不良输出DMU识别能力的角度,将“数据包络分析法(DEA)”和“秩和比综合比较法(RSR)”相结合,利用DEA和反向DEA模型分别从乐观和悲观的角度计算综合效率,在此基础上采用RSR法进行排序、分档。各省医院综合效率划分为四个等级,其中山东、四川、广东3个省份位于第四等级,青海和西藏位于第一等级;青海和西藏的医院在防疫期间的综合实力还有待加强,部分地区医疗资源出现挤兑,各省应调整医疗资源分配、扩大医疗服务功能。

基于改进PageRank算法的引文文献排序方法

通过引文网络的结构特征,有效地识别科学文献的价值并建立某种序关系,为科学评价提供了有价值的参考,也丰富了科学评价的方法。针对传统PageRank算法在引文网络中得到的结果倾向于发表时间久的文献,而不利于发表时间较短但具有学术影响潜力的文献,为了消除这种"不公平"性,将引文间隔时间引入算法中。图书馆与情报学领域的实证研究说明改进算法有效地优化了评价的结果,相对于传统PageRank算法更有利于发现具有潜力的新发表的文献。

菊花中农药残留分析及风险评估

目的:对菊花中278种农药及代谢产物进行测定,筛查菊花中应重点监控的农药指标,为菊花中农药最大残留限量值的制订提供参考,并对检出农药开展膳食暴露评估,为菊花的安全用药提供参考。方法:采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS/MS)和液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS/MS)法对78批次菊花中禁用、常用农药及有毒理学意义的代谢产物共计278种指标进行检测;采用点评估的方式对菊花中高检出率(检出率大于15%)农药的急性、慢性风险进行评价,同时采用风险排序矩阵计算高检出农药风险得分并排序。结果:78批次菊花共检出农药71种,包括3种禁用农药(甲拌磷、克百威、氟虫腈),其中24种农药检出率大于15.0%。高检出率农药的急性和慢性膳食摄入风险均可接受。根据风险得分可将24种农药划分为3类,高风险农药4种、中风险农药7种、低风险农药13种。结论:部分批次菊花中有禁用农药检出,《中华人民共和国药典》(2020年版)增加禁用农药残留量检查对于保证菊花品种的药用安全性是必要且及时的。菊花中检出农药品种较多,建议加快菊花种植中实际使用农药品种的登记,以规范生产。

软科中国最好学科排名的局限与洞见

软科中国最好学科排名作为一种第三方评价,在中国高等教育领域引起了广泛关注,但其应用的局限有待严格审视。当前软科排名存在失真的“长尾分布”、对人文社科评价的系统性偏差、人才培养维度指标的有效性和顶尖期刊选择的偏误等局限,但仍能为地方一流学科建设提供些许洞见,可以监测学科发展的“黑马”,呈现地方高校的优势学科领域,突出关键性指标“0的突破”的目标价值等,对地方高校一流学科发展监测、学科标杆选择、学科发展策略的制定等方面有一定的参考价值。

结合动作捕捉的外骨骼座椅协调性评估

外骨骼座椅在工业中的应用日渐流行,但部分外骨骼座椅的协调性仍有待提高。为全面评估外骨骼座椅在动静态下的协调性,12名受试者在穿戴和未穿戴外骨骼座椅的条件下,模拟了快递流水线作业的动静态任务。运用光学动作捕捉设备采集髋膝踝关节的运动数据,并使用SPSS对其进行Wilcoxon秩和检验,最后通过五级李克特量表问卷采集主观评估数据,验证主客观结果的一致性。结果显示,在动态行走任务中,双腿膝关节角均有所下降,髋膝踝关节的速度和加速度也呈现下降趋势,在快走时尤为明显:在静态坐姿下,臀部和大腿上侧易产生不舒适感,调整坐姿容易发生倾倒。结论,该外骨骼座椅的整体协调性较差,限制了各关节的运动:在辅助坐姿时,易产生不稳定感和不舒适感。主客观数据结果表现一致,该方法能有效地定量评估外骨骼座椅的协调性,为进一步优化提供定量参考。

含代赭石方剂主治病证的用药规律分析

目的 基于数据挖掘方法,对《中医方剂大辞典》中含代赭石的方剂进行分析,为指导代赭石临床用药提供新参鉴。方法 收集整理《中医方剂大辞典》中包含代赭石的方剂,按时期和主治疾病进行对应分析、加权秩和比综合评价和关联分析,分析代赭石应用的主治病证的用药规律及时代特点。结果 共收集处方160个,治疗新生儿病、小儿特发病类主要与朱砂、麝香配伍;治疗妇女经带杂病类主要与赤石脂、熟地黄配伍;治疗脾系病类主要与旋覆花配伍。结论 《中医方剂大辞典》中含代赭石的方剂用药特点明确,在不同时期与不同主治时的用药规律和特点有其独特的优势,有助于指导新的现代临床应用。

基于组合赋权和WRSR的真空断路器状态评估研究

电力设备状态评估是状态检修与运行风险预测的基础。真空断路器作为电力系统中的重要设备,为保证其安全稳定运行,需要对其状态进行准确评估。针对目前真空断路器状态评估中存在的状态指标权重单一、评估模型复杂等不足,文中以ZN63A-12型真空断路器为研究对象,提出了一种基于组合赋权和加权秩和比(WRSR)相结合的综合评估方法。首先通过选取真空断路器的4项特征状态指标,建立状态评估体系;其次采用组合赋权法计算每项指标的权重;接着根据所测数据,运用加权秩和比法对6台真空断路器进行分档排序,并对其进行状态评估;最后,将运用该方法的评估结果与专家现场评估结果进行比较,验证该方法的有效性。研究结果表明:该方法可以对多台真空断路器进行状态排序,并可以此为依据制定检修策略,有效地提高了检修效率。