Impact of global financial crunch on financially innovative microfinance institutions in South Asia

The wave of global financial crises(2008-2009)caused a surge in the capital flows of developed countries particularly,between developed and developing countries.The crunch hit all financial sectors with unanticipated severity.The study evaluates the role of a country’s political practices in moderating the impact of global financial crunch on microfinance performance.Using the fixed effect panel regression method on the dataset comprising of 95 MFIs operating in South Asia from 2003 to 2012,we determine that microfinance operational capability shares a positive relationship with the institutional attributes of a country and our output reveals that impact of country’s political practices is pervasive on the financial output of MFIs,liable to different levels of implementation.The findings further reveals that MFIs situated in countries having vigorous political practices are less severely affected by the economic crunch.

Taiwan and the Globalization of Puer Tea： The Role of the Taste of Aging

Puer tea was produced in Yunnan, consumed mainly in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Tibet, but became a fad in Taiwan during mid-1990s, which later spread back to Hong Kong, GuangDong, Yunnan, the entire China, and also to Korea, Japan and Southeast Aisa. This paper analyzes how and why Taiwan, which knew very little of Puer tea before 1990s, has played such an important role in the globalization of Puer tea. I argue that it＇s not only the historical contingencies, especially Hong Kong＇s returning to China in 1997, that gave Taiwan the opportunity to import aged Puer tea that had stocked in Hong Kong for years; more importantly it was Taiwan＇s sophisticated tea tasting culture that provided the fertile ground for the development of a taste considered valuable and hence a fad for aged Puer. This taste of aging tea has since come to be the foundation of Puer tea market as the value of Puer has become to be evaluated on the degree of aging and Puer has been traded as though futures or stocks, resulting in the craze for this once little-known commodity and the globalization of its consumption. The case of Puer tea suggests that as we follow Appadurai＇s suggestion and pay attention to five cultural flows--ethnoscapes, mediascapes, technoscapes, financescapes and ideoscapes--when studying globalization, we may benefit also from focusing on the ＂sense-scape,＂ or the intense cultural flow of sensory information around the world.

New Institutional Mechanism in China Facilitating the Global Sustainability——Environment to Be Counted in Officials' Performance Rating

Having argued the importance of China's sustainable development in global sustainability, the authors review the achievements of China in sustainable development, especially its institutional construction. Environment to be counted in official's political performance rating system is thought of as a new institutional mechanism in China facilitating its sustainable development and then global sustainability. Then its significance is narrated and visions in future are envisioned. In the end, certain concrete suggestions for the rating system are given in a practical way.

The Changing Identity of China in Global Governance and International Institutions

As global issues become more prominent and complex, various actors in the international community are strengthening global governance through systems of international cooperation. Different international actors have different identities, responsibilities and roles in international institutions due to their comprehensive strengths. They are roughly divided into three types: followers, supporters and leaders. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, its process of participation in international institutions and global governance has been obviously staged.In recent years, China has actively participated in various major international activities and carried out a series of diplomatic activities at home, which further demonstrates its involvement from a single participant to both a leader and a participant. In the existing traditional, modified and innovative international institutions, China is essentially playing a dual role, namely the roles of participant and supporter, the supporter and reformer, and the supporter and leader.

Spatial autocorrelation analysis of 13 leading malignant neoplasms in Taiwan: a comparison between the 1995-1998 and 2005-2008 periods

Spatial autocorrelation methodologies, including Global Moran’s I and Local Indicators of Spatial Association statistic (LISA), were used to describe and map spatial clusters of 13 leading malignant neoplasms in Taiwan. A logistic regression fit model was also used to identify similar characteristics over time. Two time periods (1995-1998 and 2005-2008) were compared in an attempt to formulate common spatio-temporal risks. Spatial cluster patterns were identified using local spatial autocorrelation analysis. We found a significant spatio-temporal variation between the leading malignant neoplasms and well-documented spatial risk factors. For instance, in Taiwan, cancer of the oral cavity in males was found to be clustered in locations in central Taiwan, with distinct differences between the two time periods. Stomach cancer morbidity clustered in aboriginal townships, where the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is high and even quite marked differences between the two time periods were found. A method which combines LISA statistics and logistic regression is an effective tool for the detection of space-time patterns with discontinuous data. Spatio-temporal mapping comparison helps to clarify issues such as the spatial aspects of both two time periods for leading malignant neoplasms. This helps planners to assess spatio-temporal risk factors, and to ascertain what would be the most advantageous types of health care policies for the planning and implementation of health care services. These issues can greatly affect the performance and effectiveness of health care services and also provide a clear outline for helping us to better understand the results in depth.

The May 23 and 24, 1994 Taiwan earth quakes: comparison of source process between the two events

Inversion for the seismic fault rupture history is an important way to study the nature of the earthquake source. Inthis paper, we have selected two Taiwan earthquakes that occurred closely in time and located in the same region,inversed the distribution of the slip amplitudes, rakes, risetimes and the rupture times on the fault planes by usingGDSN broad-band and long-period records and the adaptive hybrid global search algorithm, and compared the twoevents. The slip rate of every subfault calculated provides information about the distribution of tectonic stress andfault strength. To the former event (Ms=6.0), the maximum slip amplitude 2.4 m and the minimum risetime 1.2 sare both located at the hypocentre. The latter earthquake (Ms=6.6) consisted of two subevents and the second source has 4 s delay. The maximum slip amplitUde 0.9 m located near hypocentre is corresponding to the minimumrisetime l.4 s, and the corresponding maximum slip rate 0.7 m.s~-1 is similar to the peak value of other large sliprate areas. We consider that the latter event has more complicated temporal-spatial distribution than the former.

The Silk Road Initiative of China is a Step Forward in Globalization

After the opening up policy of China,the government has worked hard to benefit from the process of globalization.Starting from1990,China joins more international organizations and is now a member of most of the important international institutions.Joining the World Trade Organization in1995 was a leap forward for China to be fully opening up and to share from the benefits of globalization.

Higher Education in Taiwan:An Observation Through the Perspective of English Language Teaching

Globalization has developed into an ideological discourse that drives change,because of the perceived immediacy and need to adapt to a new world order.It has a significant impact on the political,social,economic,cultural,and educational aspects.A visible transition has also been occurring in higher education.The world has grown extremely competitive because of the expending of globalization.Universities all over the world have to enhance their competitiveness through Englishization in higher education.Taiwan is experiencing educational reforms in higher education,in a way in which it is similar to other Asian nations,in order to maintain its competitiveness in the world.This article focuses on how globalization exacerbates competitiveness around the world,particularly in the educational sectors.The aim of this study is to review and to define how globalization is affecting higher education and in what way it has an impact on education policy in the context of Taiwan’s higher education.The effects of globalization on global citizenship will also be examined,in order to give a full reflection.

An Analytic Study on Internal Linkages Between Human Development and Globalization

Globalization is often understood as increasing global economic integration, global forms of governance, and globally inter-linked social and environmental developments. The target of this paper~ is to demonstrate the connection among human development, globalization, and institutional quality. The second part provides the methodology of measuring the overall globalization with an emphasis on the 2011 Konjunkturforschungsstelle （KOF） Globalization Index. The KOF Globalization Index includes economic, social, and political contexts. The third part shortly introduces one of the parameters of institutional quality--Human Development Index （HDI） （or rather Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index （IHDI） as the real indicator of the level of human development） and its methodology and results. For the analysis, two out of three dimensions of IHDI were used （long and healthy life and access to education） and two dimensions of Globalization Index were employed （social and political globalization）. The third part compares indices and scores together, analyzes them, and assesses the relationships between the HDI and the Globalization Index. It is possible to conclude from the results achieved in the study that the social globalization has stronger linkages with human development than with the political globalization, yet, spurring growth rates and reduced poverty in countries with poor institutions cannot be achieved simply by globalizing their economies.

Capitalism, Internationalism, and Socialism in Times of Globalization

This paper will mention Marxist propositions, presented since the mid-19th century, about capitalism, socialism, and internationalism. According to Marx, socialism would replace capitalism and internationalism would occur through the dissolution of nation states. Later, Marxist circles presented a historical arrow in the form of 〉 capitalism 〉 socialism 〉 internationalism. Taking into account recent steps of globalization and measures imposed by national governments in the face of the deep financial crisis of 2008, it is interesting to compare the above theory with some historical events that have happened since the 19th century. Much has happened that Marx did not predict. Considering the world trajectory since the Second World War, it seems that the historical arrow has the form of 〉 capitalism 〉 internationalism 〉 hybridism of capitalism and socialism 〉？

Spatial analysis of tuberculosis in four main ethnic communities in Taiwan during 2005 to 2009

The aim of the present study was to assess spatial features of tuberculosis prevalence and their relationships with four main ethnic communities in Taiwan. Methods of spatial analysis were clustering pattern determination (such as global version of Moran’s test and local version of Gi*(d) statistic), using logistic regression calculations to identify spatial distributions over a contiguous five years and identify significant similarities, discriminant analysis to classify variables, and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to determine the strength of relationships between tuberculosis prevalence and ethnic variables in spatial features. Tuberculosis demonstrated decreasing trends in prevalence in both genders during 2005 to 2009. All results of the global Moran’s tests indicated spatial heterogeneity and clusters in the plain and mountainous Aboriginal townships. The Gi*(d) statistic calculated z-score outcomes, categorized as clusters or non-clusters, at at 5% significance level. According to the stepwise Wilks’ lambda discriminant analysis, in the Aborigines and Hoklo communities townships with clusters of tuberculosis cases differentiated from townships without cluster cases, to a greater extent than in the other communities. In the GWR models, the explanatory variables demonstrated significant and positive signs of parameter estimates in clusters occurring in plain and mountainous aboriginal townships. The explanatory variables of both the Hoklo and Hakka communities demonstrated significant, but negative, signs of parameter estimates. The Mainlander community did not significantly associate with cluster patterns of tuberculosis in Taiwan. Results indicated that locations of high tuberculosis prevalence closely related to areas containing higher proportions of the Aboriginal community in Taiwan. This information is relevant for assessment of spatial risk factors, which, in turn, can facilitate the planning of the most advantageous types of health care policies, and implementation of effective health care services.

亚投行与传统多边开发银行的比较

作为新兴国家参与建立全球发展治理新机制的重要尝试,亚投行在其建制和发展过程中与传统多边开发银行呈现出机制趋异与趋同并存的特点。一方面,亚投行在机制目标、制度设计、治理结构和决策模式等方面具有制度趋异的特点,展现出优势与创新。另一方面,亚投行在业务原则、融资政策、机制理念和伙伴关系等方面具有制度趋同的特点。制度趋异反映了新兴国家以实际行动践行多边主义,提升发展中国家的代表性,获取制度合法性,回应域内国家发展需求,切实保障成员国利益的诉求。制度趋同则体现了新兴国家学习兼容主流国际规范及对标最佳实践,提升机制有效性的考虑。亚投行制度趋异和趋同现象反映出新兴国家在创立全球发展治理新机制时既追求建制的代表性,又追求机制有效性;既“推陈出新”,又“博采众长”的建制理念。

中国对外关系中的生态文明制度对接

随着全球范围内极端天气事件频发、环境污染以及生物多样性日益丧失,地球面临空前的生态危机。环境治理领域的国际政治博弈长期处于无政府状态,面临集体行动困境、参与主体治理地位不对称等一系列治理挑战,难以形成统一的制度目标,亟待形成公正有效的多边合作治理机制。基于此,中国提出全球生态文明建设,推动全球环境治理体系改革,这也构成了中国对外关系中的重要组成部分。党的十八大以来,中国已经成为全球生态文明建设的重要参与者、贡献者和引领者,其中制度对接是中国与国际社会共谋全球生态文明发展的关键要素。从制度对接的角度出发,主要有三个方面的生态文明制度对接:一是与以联合国为核心的多边制度对接;二是与双边、区域合作机制的制度对接;三是与中国自主提出的国际倡议的制度对接。中国的绿色领导力则是推动对外关系中的生态文明制度对接的重要基础与核心动力,并提升了中国在生态文明建设中的国际贡献。最后,在新形势下,中国应把握战略机遇,深化生态文明制度对接,推动全球生态文明发展。

全球治理的“内卷式”困境与中国的作为

2008年国际金融危机后,全球治理逐渐陷入困境,但与此同时全球治理中各类制度、规则广泛建立。现有研究解释不了全球治理失效但各类制度、规则又不断建立的现象。通过引入“内卷”概念,并分析全球治理“量的增长”与“质的停滞”的情形,可以将全球治理所面临的问题称为“内卷式”困境,即全球治理中制度、规则数量的增长并未带来全球治理质的提升。究其原因,全球化进程中的矛盾性在全球治理层面的反映可以解释这种“内卷式”困境,包括国家内部的矛盾性引发对全球治理的质疑、国家主义阻碍了全球治理向全球主义的升级、大国竞争削弱了多元主体的协同性等。面对全球治理的“内卷式”困境,中国提出人类命运共同体理念,以“一带一路”建设推进区域治理发展,减少因大国竞争造成制度、规则间的不一致,为推动全球治理质的提升而贡献力量。

全球治理演化视野下的中国与全球治理体系关系——基于“施动者—结构”理论的分析

近年来,中国推动全球治理体系变革的积极行动被美西方质疑为颠覆当前体系的修正主义行为。正确认识和阐明中国与全球治理体系关系,须厘清全球治理体系价值内核和理论内涵、选取有效理论分析框架。全球治理体系是由基于国家间实力分布形成的权力结构、世界主流政治思潮形成的观念结构和世界性制度规范形成的制度结构共同组成的多维系统。“施动者—结构”理论是适应当今美西方社会认知规律、实现中西方通约对话的理想工具。运用这一理论分析可知,中国与全球治理体系是本体地位相同的互构关系。全球体系结构,既为中国参与全球治理提供规则和资源,也限定中国施动性发挥的边界;中国作为施动者,在与体系的历时态持续互动中以施动性促进体系再生。从全球治理演化视野看,全球治理体系历经自由主义思潮—超国家治理模式、国家主义思潮—大国共治模式和保守主义思潮—大国竞争博弈治理模式等结构形式的嬗变,中国也分别与之形成同频共振的共生关系、调和鼎鼐的协调关系和改制创新的变革关系等关系类型。当前,中国以积极行动匡扶失序的体系多维结构,坚守全球治理应然价值内核;不是体系的“修正”者,而是赋能者。

制度型开放与企业创新能力

实施和推进制度型开放是以创新引领我国经济高质量发展的必然要求。在创新性地对制度型开放进行量化测度的基础上,使用我国企业微观数据,实证分析了制度型开放对企业创新能力的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,制度型开放对企业创新能力的提升具有显著促进作用,其具体机制主要是制度型开放提高了我国的人才空间集聚度以及推进了我国融入国际技术创新的进程。从影响的异质性角度看,制度型开放对我国东部和中部地区企业、非国有企业和高技术产业中企业创新能力的正向影响更为明显。为了更好地发挥制度型开放在促进企业创新能力提升中的作用,不仅需要进一步提升企业的创新转化能力、加大改革开放力度和加快建设国内统一大市场,还要在继续稳步扩大制度型开放的过程中提高我国在全球经济治理中的参与度和话语权。

美国保守派智库涉台议题框架建构及中国对策--基于哈德逊研究所的分析

[目的/意义]哈德逊研究所(Hudson Institute)作为美国典型的保守派智库,是影响美国涉台政策的重要机构。对哈德逊研究所涉台议题的框架建构进行剖析和总结,有助于中国智库更好地研判和评估美国涉台政策走向。[方法/过程]本文以哈德逊研究所发布的40余份涉台研究成果作为研究样本,结合诊断式框架、预后式框架及促动式框架总结其涉台议题的观点与特征,发现“以台制华”战略贯穿于哈德逊研究所对台湾问题的制造到炒作过程。[结果/结论]哈德逊研究所涉台议题的框架建构的本质是贯彻美国“以台制华”的对华战略,维护美国的国际霸权地位。两岸智库应在认清其本质的同时,加深彼此良性互动,提升中国国际话语权,为抵御美国保守派智库干扰中美关系走向正常化、巩固两岸和平发展贡献力量。

从文化视角看机构知识库的建设与创新

学术成果传播是现代大学的核心使命之一,起步于2000年前后的机构知识库在大学履行该使命中扮演了不可或缺的角色。机构知识库初期建设的重心在于对正式发表的学术成果的汇集和开放获取,随着学术研究活动越趋数字化和多样化,机构知识库的功能及服务方式进一步深化。近二十年图书馆转型的实践表明,机构知识库建设不只是技术或专业层面的问题,更与价值观念、服务方式以及与用户之间的合作等密切相关。机构知识库在不断深化和创新的同时,也给机构管理及文化带来一系列新的挑战,需要从文化的视角思考和解决发展中的问题。本文从大学及研究型图书馆角度出发,从三个方面探讨机构知识库发展中面临的挑战与机遇:(1)走出图书馆,在与用户沟通中发现新需求;(2)拓宽新渠道,实现馆内资源的纵向整合;(3)拥抱新时代,以全球共享为目标履行新使命。对机构知识库下一轮发展提出三点建议:注重全范围参与,加强集体合作与共享,深化高质量服务。参考文献27。

数字经济发展与全球价值链区域分工地位——基于行业制度创新的中介效应研究

选取2011—2021年中国31个省级行政区35个部门的面板数据,测度各省数字经济发展水平和全球价值链区域分工地位,深入研究数字经济发展对全球价值链区域分工地位的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现:数字经济发展及其子维度均会促进全球价值链区域分工地位攀升。机制检验结果表明,制度创新在数字经济发展提升全球价值链区域分工地位中发挥正向中介作用。异质性分析结果显示,数字经济发展对全球价值链区域分工地位的提升作用在东部地区更明显。据此,应加强数字基础设施建设、营造良好的制度环境、实施动态差异化数字经济发展战略,借力数字经济提升全球价值链区域分工地位。