On the basis of previous studies,this paper summarizes the semantics of"hai"and"geng"in comparative structure and findsout the contradictions and disputes in previous studies.
Background: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) remain a common cause of death, functional disability, emotional suffering and economic burden among hospitalized patients. Knowledge of HAIs is important in its prevent...Background: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) remain a common cause of death, functional disability, emotional suffering and economic burden among hospitalized patients. Knowledge of HAIs is important in its prevention and control. This study seeks to assess the knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among medical students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in October 2019 among clinical medical students using a Multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using the IBM SPSS 20 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: A total of 219 students in the clinical arm of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences were selected. A higher proportion (97.7%) of respondents knew about Hospital Acquired Infections and 85.4% knew that Hospital Acquired infections occur in the hospital, and (86.3%) considered patients contagious with half (58.9%) considered patients as the most important source of HAIs, followed by care givers (13.2%), then doctors including medical students and interns (10.0%) and lastly nurses (8.7%). The majority of respondents (70.8%) considered Surgical Wound Infections to be the most commonly occurring HAI, followed by UTIs (69.9%), RTIs (61.2%), BSIs (37.0%) and others (0.9%). The clinical thermometer was the instrument that most commonly transmits HAIs (82.6%), then followed by stethoscope (62.1%), white coats (53.9%), and blood pressure cuff (51.1%). Most respondents knew the infectious substances, like blood (96.3%), nasal discharge (82.6%), saliva (85.3%), and faeces (79.4%) transmitted HAIs, 72.6% of the respondents said that they were aware of the recommended hand washing techniques by WHO. Conclusion: The majority of students 91.3% had good knowledge while 8.7% had poor knowledge of HAIs. Lower classes had more respondents with poor knowledge. This finding was statistically significant (p = 0.002, Chi-square 12.819). Students are encouraged to keep up the level of knowledge they have about HAIs. These students can help improve the knowledge of those whose knowledge level is low. Government and NGOs should support sponsorship for capacity-building events targeted at HAIs for healthcare workers and medical students.展开更多
为了筛选出适宜在黑龙江寒地黑土区种植的优质燕麦品种,试验以10种优质燕麦为引种材料,采用随机区组设计,在燕麦蜡熟期进行干草产量测定,采用近红外光谱分析技术测定燕麦粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)、干物质(DM)、酸性洗涤纤维...为了筛选出适宜在黑龙江寒地黑土区种植的优质燕麦品种,试验以10种优质燕麦为引种材料,采用随机区组设计,在燕麦蜡熟期进行干草产量测定,采用近红外光谱分析技术测定燕麦粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)、干物质(DM)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、30 h NDF可消化率(30 h dNDF)和48 h体外干物质不可消化率(48 h IVDMD)等营养指标,计算其相对饲喂价值(RFV)、相对饲草品质(RFQ)、总可消化养分(TDN)和产奶净能(NEL),并采用灰色关联度分析方法对产量和营养指标进行综合评价。结果表明:林纳燕麦(Avena sativa L. Lena)的干草产量为9 593.23 kg/hm~2,显著高于其他品种(P<0.05);莫妮卡燕麦(Avena sativa L. Monida)的CP含量最高,青引1号燕麦(Avena sativa L. Qingyin No.1)的DM、ADF和NDF含量最高;定燕2号燕麦(Avena sativa L. Dingyan No.2)的RFV、RFQ、TDN和NEL最高。RFV、RFQ、TDN和NEL均与ADF和NDF呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与48 h IVDMD呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与干草产量、CP、DM相关性不显著(P>0.05);定燕2号燕麦的加权关联度最高。说明定燕2号燕麦综合值最高,营养品质最好,可作为该地区的优质燕麦品种推广种植。展开更多
文摘On the basis of previous studies,this paper summarizes the semantics of"hai"and"geng"in comparative structure and findsout the contradictions and disputes in previous studies.
文摘Background: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) remain a common cause of death, functional disability, emotional suffering and economic burden among hospitalized patients. Knowledge of HAIs is important in its prevention and control. This study seeks to assess the knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among medical students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in October 2019 among clinical medical students using a Multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using the IBM SPSS 20 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: A total of 219 students in the clinical arm of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences were selected. A higher proportion (97.7%) of respondents knew about Hospital Acquired Infections and 85.4% knew that Hospital Acquired infections occur in the hospital, and (86.3%) considered patients contagious with half (58.9%) considered patients as the most important source of HAIs, followed by care givers (13.2%), then doctors including medical students and interns (10.0%) and lastly nurses (8.7%). The majority of respondents (70.8%) considered Surgical Wound Infections to be the most commonly occurring HAI, followed by UTIs (69.9%), RTIs (61.2%), BSIs (37.0%) and others (0.9%). The clinical thermometer was the instrument that most commonly transmits HAIs (82.6%), then followed by stethoscope (62.1%), white coats (53.9%), and blood pressure cuff (51.1%). Most respondents knew the infectious substances, like blood (96.3%), nasal discharge (82.6%), saliva (85.3%), and faeces (79.4%) transmitted HAIs, 72.6% of the respondents said that they were aware of the recommended hand washing techniques by WHO. Conclusion: The majority of students 91.3% had good knowledge while 8.7% had poor knowledge of HAIs. Lower classes had more respondents with poor knowledge. This finding was statistically significant (p = 0.002, Chi-square 12.819). Students are encouraged to keep up the level of knowledge they have about HAIs. These students can help improve the knowledge of those whose knowledge level is low. Government and NGOs should support sponsorship for capacity-building events targeted at HAIs for healthcare workers and medical students.
文摘为了筛选出适宜在黑龙江寒地黑土区种植的优质燕麦品种,试验以10种优质燕麦为引种材料,采用随机区组设计,在燕麦蜡熟期进行干草产量测定,采用近红外光谱分析技术测定燕麦粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)、干物质(DM)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、30 h NDF可消化率(30 h dNDF)和48 h体外干物质不可消化率(48 h IVDMD)等营养指标,计算其相对饲喂价值(RFV)、相对饲草品质(RFQ)、总可消化养分(TDN)和产奶净能(NEL),并采用灰色关联度分析方法对产量和营养指标进行综合评价。结果表明:林纳燕麦(Avena sativa L. Lena)的干草产量为9 593.23 kg/hm~2,显著高于其他品种(P<0.05);莫妮卡燕麦(Avena sativa L. Monida)的CP含量最高,青引1号燕麦(Avena sativa L. Qingyin No.1)的DM、ADF和NDF含量最高;定燕2号燕麦(Avena sativa L. Dingyan No.2)的RFV、RFQ、TDN和NEL最高。RFV、RFQ、TDN和NEL均与ADF和NDF呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与48 h IVDMD呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与干草产量、CP、DM相关性不显著(P>0.05);定燕2号燕麦的加权关联度最高。说明定燕2号燕麦综合值最高,营养品质最好,可作为该地区的优质燕麦品种推广种植。