Interpretation,Construction and Exhibition-Seeking the Positive Significance of Ancient Architecture Model Making in the Teaching of History of Chinese Architecture

On the basis of a special project for teaching reform, in order to change the boring and dull situation of History of Chinese Architecture in students, ancient architecture model was introduced in the teaching process of the pure history course. Through the interpretation, construction, and exhibition stages,the ability of students in grasping the knowledge of architecture history can be strengthened. Then, from the historical background, physical composition, artistic conception of space, structural system, detailed structure, and architectural evolution, the positive significance of ancient architecture model to the teaching of the History of Chinese Architecture was discussed, in the hope of providing certain theoretical basis for the teaching of the History of Chinese Architecture.

Influence of Chinese and Western Culture on Modern Church Architecture in Yan’an Area

Based on the historical records and field investigation, this paper aims at elaborating the architectural styles, interior space design and architectural landscape of modern church architecture in Yan’an, analyzing the influence of Chinese and western culture on modern church architecture in Yan’an and expounding the historical and cultural value as church architecture, which will play a great role in the protection, inheritance and utilization of modern architecture in Yan’an area.

Teaching System of Chinese Architectural History Based on the Idea of “Innovation + Practice + Entrepreneurship”

With the introduction of Opinions on Deepening the Reform in Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities issued by the General Office of the State Council, establishing an advanced innovative and entrepreneurial education idea, persisting in cultivation-orientation and comprehensively improving personnel training quality have become an important development direction of higher education, and the innovation and entrepreneurship education reform has provided an impetus for the comprehensive reform in colleges and universities. In this context, how to combine the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education with the traditional teaching system proves to be an important issue to be considered in the development of colleges and universities. The construction of three teaching platforms for innovation, practice and entrepreneurship enables the idea of innovation and entrepreneurship education to be incorporated into the teaching process of Chinese architectural history, thereby carrying out a systematic, comprehensive, far-reaching teaching system reform. The past several years have witnessed a good teaching effect in University of Science and Technology Liaoning due to the implementation of the teaching system reform. It is hoped that the teaching system reform carried out by University of Science and Technology Liaoning can provide a reference for the teaching of Chinese architectural history.

A Brief History of the Development of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

This article introduces the history of the integration of Chinese and Western medicine,from Zhang Xichun,a representative of the Huitong School of Chinese and Western Medicine,and the historical"abolition of traditional Chinese medicine",and"the scientificization of Chinese medicine"to"Integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine",passing the tortuous development.The integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has achieved fruitful results from the intense divergence in understanding to education,scientific research,clinical practice,and theoretical research.This article discusses the development process of the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in detail from multiple dimensions such as history,reality,theory,and practice.In particular,it introduces Zhang Xichun's views and practice of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the theory and practice of modern integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the main achievements of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine,and typical cases of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.It provides reference for the vast number of integrated Chinese and Western medicine workers.

Scan of the endogenous retrovirus sequences across the swine genome and survey of their copy number variation and sequence diversity among various Chinese and Western pig breeds

In pig-to-human xenotransplantation,the transmission risk of porcine endogenous retroviruses(PERVs)is of great concern.However,the distribution of PERVs in pig genomes,their genetic variation among Eurasian pigs,and their evolutionary history remain unclear.We scanned PERVs in the current pig reference genome(assembly Build 11.1),and identified 36 long complete or near-complete PERVs(lc PERVs)and 23 short incomplete PERVs(si PERVs).Besides three known PERVs(PERV-A,-B,and-C),four novel types(PERV-JX1,-JX2,-JX3,and-JX4)were detected in this study.According to evolutionary analyses,the newly discovered PERVs were more ancient,and PERV-Bs probably experienced a bottleneck~0.5 million years ago(Ma).By analyzing63 high-quality porcine whole-genome resequencing data,we found that the PERV copy numbers in Chinese pigs were lower(32.0±4.0)than in Western pigs(49.1±6.5).Additionally,the PERV sequence diversity was lower in Chinese pigs than in Western pigs.Regarding the lc PERV copy numbers,PERV-A and-JX2 in Western pigs were higher than in Chinese pigs.Notably,Bama Xiang(BMX)pigs had the lowest PERV copy number(27.8±5.1),and a BMX individual had no PERV-C and the lowest PERV copy number(23),suggesting that BMX pigs were more suitable for screening and/or modification as xenograft donors.Furthermore,we identified 451 PERV transposon insertion polymorphisms(TIPs),of which 86 were shared by all 10 Chinese and Western pig breeds.Our findings provide systematic insights into the genomic distribution,variation,evolution,and possible biological function of PERVs.

A Study of the Differences Between Chinese and Western Names

Chinese names are different from Western names because of the differences in the history and customs between China and Western countries. Knowing the differences between Chinese and Western names can help us understand more about Chinese and Western culture.

The Heterogeneous Differences between Chinese and Western Landscape Culture Studies

For a long time,due to the differences in terrain and culture,the aesthetic appreciation of Chinese and Western gardens has produced a large gap in modeling and design.Although the composition of garden elements is nothing more than landscape and architecture,there are obvious differences in the use of space and natural attitudes.Chinese gardens always follow the laws of natural beauty and formal beauty in modeling design,and respect nature in attitude and coordinate with nature.However,western gardens attach importance to architecture and artificalism,highlight rational aesthetics,get used to transforming nature in attitude,and always focus on"taking people as the center".They also have cognitive differences in the study of garden history.Comparing the Chinese and Western view of landscape architecture can enrich and expand the possibility of"Chinese landscape architecture research".

The Content of Modern Landscape Architecture Discipline and Its Forming Process

Modem landscape architecture discipline is not an emerging discipline.It has a very long history.After a long period of multidisciplinary integra-tion,it has formed a modem landscape architecture.In recent years,with the development of society,the problems of environmental problems and economic structural imbalances have become more and more prominent and serious.Therefore,modern landscape architecture is also facing tremendous changes and is at the crossroads of discipline development.This paper analyzes and discusses the content and formation of modem landscape architecture,and points out the characteristics and importance of landscape architecture.

“森列”与“饾饤”:南宋园林假山营造的两种类型及其结合发展

现有中国园林史研究已经认识到南宋是园林中石假山营造得到重要发展的时期,然而南宋园林假山营造的具体方式及其形态特点尚未得到有效探讨。在深入研读相关文献与图像的基础上,结合历史来源与后世影响,探讨南宋园林假山营造的类型及其发展。首先从“置”与“叠”2种基本方式出发,在历史语境中探讨“森列”与“饾饤”这2类南宋常见的假山营造类型及其来源与影响;进而关注二者在仿“飞来峰”营造中的结合与发展,从而更清晰地认识南宋,乃至其后的石假山营造。这一研究将对其后中国园林假山发展的认识,乃至当代假山特点的理解提供坚实的历史理论基础。

我国当代西文编目工作的积极推动者——纪念韩荣宇先生诞辰100周年

总结了韩荣宇先生在解决图书编目历史遗留问题、推行国际著录标准、开展编目规范工作、恢复完善西文主题目录、培养人才等方面为我国当代西文图书编目工作所作的突出贡献。

信息技术支持下的线上线下混合式教学模式探讨

以“智慧树”平台的“中国建筑史”课程为例,首先,探究了该课程在线上线下混合式教学模式下的设计和实践。具体包括课程的主要教学内容、特色与优势以及面临的问题。其次,深入探究了线上线下混合式教学模式的建设目标和建设思路,从教学资源与管理、教学设计与方法和教学活动与评价等方面进行了分析。最后,总结了线上线下混合式教学模式的特色,对教学实践成果进行了展示。希望能为相关课程教学提供参考和启示,促进信息技术在教学中的进一步应用和发展。

反思现代西方“神话”历史:“古希腊起源”、霸权意识和回溯式目的论

神话历史是指以解释和维护现实为目标而构建的历史,它往往遮蔽真实的历史。由于存在巨大的可信文字记录断裂期、现实政治的需要和现代西方史学作为民族国家神圣化工具的地位等重要因素,西方史学中存在大量神话历史。西方文明的“古希腊起源”论是现代西方神话历史构架的基石。它并非古已有之,而是出现于17世纪末18世纪初,是随着资本主义发展而形成的新的欧洲文化自我意识在历史中投射的产物。以西欧为中心的资本主义兴起的历史进程,也是欧洲全球霸权形成的过程。新的欧洲文化自我意识在进行自我解释时,同时也是在对欧洲霸权进行解释。新的欧洲文化自我意识渗透着霸权意识。当它投射于历史时,霸权意识形成西方神话历史的五大迷思:西方文明特质论、西方文明内在发展论、西方文明天定命运论、西方文明世界引领论、西方文明使命论。回溯式目的论是西方神话历史谬误产生的重要的认识论根源,它衍生三大方法论错误:以结果做原因,预设西方文明特质;寻找相似性,虚构内在连续性;将历史目的论化、泛道德化。

法国国家图书馆藏清南巡行宫图的鉴定与研究

十八世纪法国地图学家、版画家及建筑师勒胡日(Georges Louis Le Rouge)出版的《英中式园林》(Jardins anglo-chinois)系列图册提供了大量中国园林图像,其中57幅中国皇帝南巡行宫铜版画翻刻自法国来华传教士钱德明从中国寄出的画作。这两套收藏于法国国家图书馆的南巡行宫图尚未见于已有研究,且与目前已知南巡行宫图均有所不同,是还没有被认知和利用的新材料。鉴于此,有必要核定行宫图基本信息,追踪行宫图来源及流传过程,本文综罗图文史料重新梳理康乾南巡历史和图像涉及的南巡行宫园林建置沿革,考证图绘背景和年代,揭示了行宫图分别绘于乾隆首次及第四次南巡前,弥补了康熙至乾隆中期南巡行宫图像的缺失,具有重要的史料和艺术价值。

山高水长路修远,继往开来日月长——重庆大学西南民居研究历史回顾与展望

西南地区高山丘陵河谷纵横的自然环境,以及多民族杂居共存的社会文化环境,共同塑造了特色鲜明的西南民居之形貌。百年来,几代建筑史学者深入田野,以期对其营造体系有完整认识。借助“中国民居——传统居住形态研究展”的成功举办及学术研讨活动契机,文章以中国营造学社等开创的西南民居研究成果为肇始,从“开创与奠基”“继承与发展”和“多维与多元”三个阶段,回溯了以重庆大学为主要研究力量的西南民居研究路径与阶段成果,并以此致敬前辈学者耕耘奋进的90年。

Guidelines for Submitting English-language Papers to the JCAH Journal of Chinese Architecture History

The Journal of Chinese Architecture History(JCAH)provides the scholars an opportunity to publish significant source material and the results of original research.The scholarly articles focus on every period in the history of the built environment in China as well as East Asia,including the history of design,landscape and urbanism.

因应人居发展的西汉长安地区水系营建及其理景

经过西汉初期“无为而治”的酝酿积淀与武帝时期“崇尚有为”的人居大发展,西汉长安地区形成以都城为核心,苑囿、郊邑、农田相嵌套的圈层结构,而“源泉灌注、陂池交属”的水网系统是贯穿其中的人居发展支撑基础。在分析其依托自然水系立基的优劣基础上,结合二重证据与图示分析,以武帝前后为观察界点,探讨因应地区人居发展的长安地区水系营建。研究表明,在都市水利、漕运水利与农田水利功能目标指引下,以渭南地区凿陂丰水、沿渭地区赖渭穿渠与渭北地区泾洛引灌为重点进行水系建设,展现出在地化营建智慧。各区域因水系而成独特地景格局,结合案例分析,总结因凭水系而成的池苑绮错、邑景依傍、园野辉映的分区理景特征。

中山纪念与市政改良:岭南近代中山公园的创建

20世纪二三十年代,中国政府把对于孙中山先生的纪念跟市政建设结合在一起,一系列中山纪念建筑或空间场所在全国各地大量涌现,其中以中山公园的分布最为广泛,而岭南地区尤为突出。选取岭南近代59座中山公园为研究对象,通过文献调研回溯中山公园创建的缘起,并从筹建与选址、空间的建构及功能多样化三方面论述其营建特征。研究表明:1)中山公园经历了从中山纪念到与市政治理结合的过程;2)中山公园在筹建方式上表现为政府与市民的共同参与,它们多选址山水形胜处,且部分位于城市中轴线上;3)中山公园通过空间建构积极推广了孙中山符号,赋予了城市公共空间新的内涵;4)中山公园采取了功能化的空间配置方法。研究结果有助于深入理解岭南近代中山公园的营建逻辑及岭南园林的现代化发展历程,同时也能为当今纪念性公园的建设提供思路。

广州近代沙面汇丰银行的营建考略

作为全国重点文物保护单位广州沙面建筑群的重要组成部分,汇丰银行旧址是广州近代银行业发展和中西方文化交融的实物载体,也是广州建筑现代转型的重要代表性建筑。基于文献、书信、照片等史料,通过对汇丰银行广州分行创建背景及建筑要素的分析,基本廓清该行的营建脉络,聚焦于西方建筑师主持设计下的新楼的规划布局与形式特征,剖析西方设计经验在地方营造条件下的调适机制。随着历史与社会的变迁,汇丰银行旧址完成了由金融建筑到酒店建筑的蜕变,挖掘营建历史为进一步甄别层积信息、重现空间原貌奠定基础,以提出合理有效的保护与利用方案。

齐鲁大学中西合璧建筑特征研究

齐鲁大学作为中国最早的教会大学之一,其建筑有着鲜明的中西合璧特征。文章以齐鲁大学典型历史建筑为研究对象,通过史料汇总、案例对比研究以及实地调研,对齐鲁大学建筑的发展历史、平面结构、立面要素三个层面的内容进行梳理,对建筑的规划、形制等方面进行深入分析,拆解出齐鲁大学中式和西式的构成元素。结合时代背景,得出齐鲁大学建筑由西式近代大学风格向当地传统民居风格转换的中西合璧建筑特征规律,为齐鲁大学近代建筑群的保护及其建筑价值的挖掘提供参考。

入城归乡:建造技术的“洄游”——上海、宁波周边近代营造厂经营者自宅建造技艺与遗产价值研究初探

近代营造厂经营者的流动,是推动近代技术在不同地域间、城乡之间传播的动力之一。依托大城市营造厂经营者返回乡村后的自宅建造实践,近代建筑技术得以产生一条渗透至乡村的可能路径。文章针对上海、宁波周边的营造厂经营者自宅建造实践展开研究,以此讨论近代建造技术与工艺在城乡间流动的问题;落脚于营造厂经营者自宅的遗产价值问题,讨论其作为技术“样本”的保存对建造模式、工艺的留存等遗产保护工作的重要性。