The impact of Internet access on household dietary quality:Evidence from rural China

Over the past few decades,the Internet has rapidly diffused across China.The spread of the Internet has had a profound economic and social impact on Chinese rural areas.Existing research shows that Internet access significantly impacts agricultural production and improves smallholder farmers’income.Beyond these,the Internet can affect other dimensions of social welfare.However,research about the impact of Internet access on dietary quality in rural China remains scarce.This study utilizes multi-period panel data from Fixed Observation Point in rural China from 2009 to 2015 to estimate the impact of Internet access on dietary quality and food consumption of rural households and conducts a causal analysis.Regression models with time and household fixed effects allow robust estimation while reducing potential issues of unobserved heterogeneity.The estimates show that Internet access has significantly increased rural household dietary quality(measured by the Chinese Diet Balance Index).Further research finds that Internet access has increased the consumption of animal products,such as aquatic and dairy products.We also examine the underlying mechanisms.Internet access improves dietary quality and food consumption mainly through increasing household income and food expenditure.These results encourage the promotion of Internet access as a valuable tool for nutritional improvements,especially in rural areas.

A credibility-aware swarm-federated deep learning framework in internet of vehicles

Although Federated Deep Learning(FDL)enables distributed machine learning in the Internet of Vehicles(IoV),it requires multiple clients to upload model parameters,thus still existing unavoidable communication overhead and data privacy risks.The recently proposed Swarm Learning(SL)provides a decentralized machine learning approach for unit edge computing and blockchain-based coordination.A Swarm-Federated Deep Learning framework in the IoV system(IoV-SFDL)that integrates SL into the FDL framework is proposed in this paper.The IoV-SFDL organizes vehicles to generate local SL models with adjacent vehicles based on the blockchain empowered SL,then aggregates the global FDL model among different SL groups with a credibility weights prediction algorithm.Extensive experimental results show that compared with the baseline frameworks,the proposed IoV-SFDL framework reduces the overhead of client-to-server communication by 16.72%,while the model performance improves by about 5.02%for the same training iterations.

Low-Cost Federated Broad Learning for Privacy-Preserved Knowledge Sharing in the RIS-Aided Internet of Vehicles

High-efficiency and low-cost knowledge sharing can improve the decision-making ability of autonomous vehicles by mining knowledge from the Internet of Vehicles(IoVs).However,it is challenging to ensure high efficiency of local data learning models while preventing privacy leakage in a high mobility environment.In order to protect data privacy and improve data learning efficiency in knowledge sharing,we propose an asynchronous federated broad learning(FBL)framework that integrates broad learning(BL)into federated learning(FL).In FBL,we design a broad fully connected model(BFCM)as a local model for training client data.To enhance the wireless channel quality for knowledge sharing and reduce the communication and computation cost of participating clients,we construct a joint resource allocation and reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)configuration optimization framework for FBL.The problem is decoupled into two convex subproblems.Aiming to improve the resource scheduling efficiency in FBL,a double Davidon–Fletcher–Powell(DDFP)algorithm is presented to solve the time slot allocation and RIS configuration problem.Based on the results of resource scheduling,we design a reward-allocation algorithm based on federated incentive learning(FIL)in FBL to compensate clients for their costs.The simulation results show that the proposed FBL framework achieves better performance than the comparison models in terms of efficiency,accuracy,and cost for knowledge sharing in the IoV.

Application of Patient Simulators Combined with Internet plus Scenario Simulation Teaching Models on Intravenous Infusion Nursing Education in China

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of applying patient simulators combined with Internet Plus scenario simulation teaching models on intravenous (IV) infusion nursing education, and to provide scientific evidence for the implementation of advanced teaching models in future nursing education. Methods: Enrolled 60 nurses who took the IV infusion therapy training program in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 for research. 30 nurses who were trained in traditional teaching models from January to December 2022 were selected as the control group, and 30 nurses who were trained with simulation-based teaching models with methods including simulated patients, internet, online meetings which can be replayed and scenario simulation, etc. from January to December 2023 were selected as the experimental group. Evaluated the learning outcomes based on the Competency Inventory for Nursing Students (CINS), Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI), comprehensive learning ability, scientific research ability, and proficiency in the theoretical knowledge and practical skills of IV infusion therapy. Nursing quality, the incidence of IV infusion therapy complications and nurse satisfaction with different teaching models were also measured. Results: The scientific research ability, PSI scores, CINS scores, and comprehensive learning ability of the experimental group were better than those of the control group (P 0.05), and their assessment results of practical skills, nursing quality of IV infusion therapy during training, and satisfaction with teaching models were all better than those of the control group with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The incidence of IV infusion therapy complications in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, indicating statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Teaching models based on patient simulators combined with Internet Plus scenario simulation enable nursing students to learn more directly and practice at any time and in any place, and can improve their proficiency in IV infusion theoretical knowledge and skills (e.g. PICC catheterization), core competencies, problem-solving ability, comprehensive learning ability, scientific research ability and the ability to deal with complicated cases. Also, it helps provide high-quality nursing education, improve the nursing quality of IV therapy, reduce the incidence of related complications, and ensure the safety of patients with IV therapy.

Analysis of the Current Situation of“Internet Plus Nursing Service”

In the era of“Internet Plus,”technologies like big data,the Internet of Things,and cloud computing have revitalized nursing services in China,leading to the emergence of the“Internet Plus Nursing Services”model.This model facilitates on-site nursing care for discharged patients and special groups with mobility challenges,further advancing the construction of a Healthy China and enabling more people to access high-quality and continuous nursing services.Governments at all levels should actively improve the systems related to“Internet Plus Nursing Services”and simplify the appointment and operation processes.It is also essential to standardize the medical waste disposal process to ensure the quality of on-site nursing services,protect the legitimate rights and interests of both caregivers and patients and safeguard patient privacy and security.Additionally,building a robust“Internet Plus”platform to promote“online appointment of nurses”services,integrate nursing resources,and foster the healthy development of“Internet Plus Nursing Services”is crucial.

ResNeSt-biGRU: An Intrusion Detection Model Based on Internet of Things

The rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) devices across various sectors is driven by steadily increasingdemands for interconnected and smart technologies. Nevertheless, the surge in the number of IoT device hascaught the attention of cyber hackers, as it provides them with expanded avenues to access valuable data. Thishas resulted in a myriad of security challenges, including information leakage, malware propagation, and financialloss, among others. Consequently, developing an intrusion detection system to identify both active and potentialintrusion traffic in IoT networks is of paramount importance. In this paper, we propose ResNeSt-biGRU, a practicalintrusion detection model that combines the strengths of ResNeSt, a variant of Residual Neural Network, andbidirectionalGated RecurrentUnitNetwork (biGRU).Our ResNeSt-biGRUframework diverges fromconventionalintrusion detection systems (IDS) by employing this dual-layeredmechanism that exploits the temporal continuityand spatial feature within network data streams, a methodological innovation that enhances detection accuracy.In conjunction with this, we introduce the PreIoT dataset, a compilation of prevalent IoT network behaviors, totrain and evaluate IDSmodels with a focus on identifying potential intrusion traffics. The effectiveness of proposedscheme is demonstrated through testing, wherein it achieved an average accuracy of 99.90% on theN-BaIoT datasetas well as on the PreIoT dataset and 94.45% on UNSW-NB15 dataset. The outcomes of this research reveal thepotential of ResNeSt-biGRU to bolster security measures, diminish intrusion-related vulnerabilities, and preservethe overall security of IoT ecosystems.

Deep Transfer Learning Techniques in Intrusion Detection System-Internet of Vehicles: A State-of-the-Art Review

The high performance of IoT technology in transportation networks has led to the increasing adoption of Internet of Vehicles(IoV)technology.The functional advantages of IoV include online communication services,accident prevention,cost reduction,and enhanced traffic regularity.Despite these benefits,IoV technology is susceptible to cyber-attacks,which can exploit vulnerabilities in the vehicle network,leading to perturbations,disturbances,non-recognition of traffic signs,accidents,and vehicle immobilization.This paper reviews the state-of-the-art achievements and developments in applying Deep Transfer Learning(DTL)models for Intrusion Detection Systems in the Internet of Vehicles(IDS-IoV)based on anomaly detection.IDS-IoV leverages anomaly detection through machine learning and DTL techniques to mitigate the risks posed by cyber-attacks.These systems can autonomously create specific models based on network data to differentiate between regular traffic and cyber-attacks.Among these techniques,transfer learning models are particularly promising due to their efficacy with tagged data,reduced training time,lower memory usage,and decreased computational complexity.We evaluate DTL models against criteria including the ability to transfer knowledge,detection rate,accurate analysis of complex data,and stability.This review highlights the significant progress made in the field,showcasing how DTL models enhance the performance and reliability of IDS-IoV systems.By examining recent advancements,we provide insights into how DTL can effectively address cyber-attack challenges in IoV environments,ensuring safer and more efficient transportation networks.

Securing the Internet of Health Things with Certificateless Anonymous Authentication Scheme

Internet of Health Things(IoHT)is a subset of Internet of Things(IoT)technology that includes interconnected medical devices and sensors used in medical and healthcare information systems.However,IoHT is susceptible to cybersecurity threats due to its reliance on low-power biomedical devices and the use of open wireless channels for communication.In this article,we intend to address this shortcoming,and as a result,we propose a new scheme called,the certificateless anonymous authentication(CAA)scheme.The proposed scheme is based on hyperelliptic curve cryptography(HECC),an enhanced variant of elliptic curve cryptography(ECC)that employs a smaller key size of 80 bits as compared to 160 bits.The proposed scheme is secure against various attacks in both formal and informal security analyses.The formal study makes use of the Real-or-Random(ROR)model.A thorough comparative study of the proposed scheme is conducted for the security and efficiency of the proposed scheme with the relevant existing schemes.The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only ensures high security for health-related data but also increases efficiency.The proposed scheme’s computation cost is 2.88 ms,and the communication cost is 1440 bits,which shows its better efficiency compared to its counterpart schemes.

Potential Benefits and Obstacles of the Use of Internet of Things in Saudi Universities: Empirical Study

Internet of Things (IoT) among of all the technology revolutions has been considered the next evolution of the internet. IoT has become a far more popular area in the computing world. IoT combined a huge number of things (devices) that can be connected through the internet. The purpose: this paper aims to explore the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) generally and outline the main definitions of IoT. The paper also aims to examine and discuss the obstacles and potential benefits of IoT in Saudi universities. Methodology: the researchers reviewed the previous literature and focused on several databases to use the recent studies and research related to the IoT. Then, the researchers also used quantitative methodology to examine the factors affecting the obstacles and potential benefits of IoT. The data were collected by using a questionnaire distributed online among academic staff and a total of 150 participants completed the survey. Finding: the result of this study reveals there are twelve factors that affect the potential benefits of using IoT such as reducing human errors, increasing business income and worker’s productivity. It also shows the eighteen factors which affect obstacles the IoT use, for example sensors’ cost, data privacy, and data security. These factors have the most influence on using IoT in Saudi universities.

Call for Papers——Feature Topic Vol.22,No.2,2025 Efficient Cooperative Transmission over Satellite Internet for 6G

Satellite Internet,as a strategic public information infrastructure,can effectively bridge the limitations of traditional terrestrial network coverage,support global coverage and deep space exploration,and greatly enhance the range of network information services accessible to humans.With the transition of terrestrial mobile communication networks from the 5G era,which provides access to information anywhere,to the 6G era,which seeks to connect everything,the construction of satellite Internet,which promises a"network reaching everywhere and service is ubiquitous",has become the consensus of the industry's development and the focus of global scientific and technological innovation.

Intelligent Internet of Things with Reliable Communication and Collaboration Technologies

The Internet of Things(IoT)connects objects to Internet through sensor devices,radio frequency identification devices and other information collection and processing devices to realize information interaction.IoT is widely used in many fields,including intelligent transportation,intelligent healthcare,intelligent home and industry.In these fields,IoT devices connected via high-speed internet for efficient and reliable communications and faster response times.

Analysis of Mobile and Internet Network Coverage: Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves and Concept of Digital Divide in Burundi

Mobile and Internet network coverage plays an important role in digital transformation and the exploitation of new services. The evolution of mobile networks from the first generation (1G) to the 5th generation is still a long process. 2G networks have developed the messaging service, which complements the already operational voice service. 2G technology has rapidly progressed to the third generation (3G), incorporating multimedia data transmission techniques. It then progressed to fourth generation (4G) and LTE (Long Term Evolution), increasing the transmission speed to improve 3G. Currently, developed countries have already moved to 5G. In developing countries, including Burundi, a member of the East African Community (ECA) where more than 80% are connected to 2G technologies, 40% are connected to the 3G network and 25% to the 4G network and are not yet connected to the 5G network and then still a process. The objective of this article is to analyze the coverage of 2G, 3G and 4G networks in Burundi. This analysis will make it possible to identify possible deficits in order to reduce the digital divide between connected urban areas and remote rural areas. Furthermore, this analysis will draw the attention of decision-makers to the need to deploy networks and coverage to allow the population to access mobile and Internet services and thus enable the digitalization of the population. Finally, this article shows the level of coverage, the digital divide and an overview of the deployment of base stations (BTS) throughout the country to promote the transformation and digital inclusion of services.

Internet of Things Authentication Protocols: Comparative Study

Nowadays, devices are connected across all areas, from intelligent buildings and smart cities to Industry 4.0 andsmart healthcare. With the exponential growth of Internet of Things usage in our world, IoT security is still thebiggest challenge for its deployment. The main goal of IoT security is to ensure the accessibility of services providedby an IoT environment, protect privacy, and confidentiality, and guarantee the safety of IoT users, infrastructures,data, and devices. Authentication, as the first line of defense against security threats, becomes the priority ofeveryone. It can either grant or deny users access to resources according to their legitimacy. As a result, studyingand researching authentication issues within IoT is extremely important. As a result, studying and researchingauthentication issues within IoT is extremely important. This article presents a comparative study of recent researchin IoT security;it provides an analysis of recent authentication protocols from2019 to 2023 that cover several areaswithin IoT (such as smart cities, healthcare, and industry). This survey sought to provide an IoT security researchsummary, the biggest susceptibilities, and attacks, the appropriate technologies, and the most used simulators. Itillustrates that the resistance of protocols against attacks, and their computational and communication cost arelinked directly to the cryptography technique used to build it. Furthermore, it discusses the gaps in recent schemesand provides some future research directions.

A Hybrid and Lightweight Device-to-Server Authentication Technique for the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things(IoT)is a smart networking infrastructure of physical devices,i.e.,things,that are embedded with sensors,actuators,software,and other technologies,to connect and share data with the respective server module.Although IoTs are cornerstones in different application domains,the device’s authenticity,i.e.,of server(s)and ordinary devices,is the most crucial issue and must be resolved on a priority basis.Therefore,various field-proven methodologies were presented to streamline the verification process of the communicating devices;however,location-aware authentication has not been reported as per our knowledge,which is a crucial metric,especially in scenarios where devices are mobile.This paper presents a lightweight and location-aware device-to-server authentication technique where the device’s membership with the nearest server is subjected to its location information along with other measures.Initially,Media Access Control(MAC)address and Advance Encryption Scheme(AES)along with a secret shared key,i.e.,λ_(i) of 128 bits,have been utilized by Trusted Authority(TA)to generate MaskIDs,which are used instead of the original ID,for every device,i.e.,server and member,and are shared in the offline phase.Secondly,TA shares a list of authentic devices,i.e.,server S_(j) and members C_(i),with every device in the IoT for the onward verification process,which is required to be executed before the initialization of the actual communication process.Additionally,every device should be located such that it lies within the coverage area of a server,and this location information is used in the authentication process.A thorough analytical analysis was carried out to check the susceptibility of the proposed and existing authentication approaches against well-known intruder attacks,i.e.,man-in-the-middle,masquerading,device,and server impersonations,etc.,especially in the IoT domain.Moreover,proposed authentication and existing state-of-the-art approaches have been simulated in the real environment of IoT to verify their performance,particularly in terms of various evaluation metrics,i.e.,processing,communication,and storage overheads.These results have verified the superiority of the proposed scheme against existing state-of-the-art approaches,preferably in terms of communication,storage,and processing costs.

Enhancing Internet of Things Intrusion Detection Using Artificial Intelligence

Escalating cyber security threats and the increased use of Internet of Things(IoT)devices require utilisation of the latest technologies available to supply adequate protection.The aim of Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)is to prevent malicious attacks that corrupt operations and interrupt data flow,which might have significant impact on critical industries and infrastructure.This research examines existing IDS,based on Artificial Intelligence(AI)for IoT devices,methods,and techniques.The contribution of this study consists of identification of the most effective IDS systems in terms of accuracy,precision,recall and F1-score;this research also considers training time.Results demonstrate that Graph Neural Networks(GNN)have several benefits over other traditional AI frameworks through their ability to achieve in excess of 99%accuracy in a relatively short training time,while also capable of learning from network traffic the inherent characteristics of different cyber-attacks.These findings identify the GNN(a Deep Learning AI method)as the most efficient IDS system.The novelty of this research lies also in the linking between high yielding AI-based IDS algorithms and the AI-based learning approach for data privacy protection.This research recommends Federated Learning(FL)as the AI training model,which increases data privacy protection and reduces network data flow,resulting in a more secure and efficient IDS solution.

Survey on digital twins for Internet of Vehicles:Fundamentals,challenges,and opportunities

As autonomous vehicles and the other supporting infrastructures(e.g.,smart cities and intelligent transportation systems)become more commonplace,the Internet of Vehicles(IoV)is getting increasingly prevalent.There have been attempts to utilize Digital Twins(DTs)to facilitate the design,evaluation,and deployment of IoV-based systems,for example by supporting high-fidelity modeling,real-time monitoring,and advanced predictive capabilities.However,the literature review undertaken in this paper suggests that integrating DTs into IoV-based system design and deployment remains an understudied topic.In addition,this paper explains how DTs can benefit IoV system designers and implementers,as well as describes several challenges and opportunities for future researchers.

Blockchain-Enabled Federated Learning with Differential Privacy for Internet of Vehicles

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies has significantly propelled the advancement of the Internet of Vehicles(IoV).With AI support,represented by machine learning technology,vehicles gain the capability to make intelligent decisions.As a distributed learning paradigm,federated learning(FL)has emerged as a preferred solution in IoV.Compared to traditional centralized machine learning,FL reduces communication overhead and improves privacy protection.Despite these benefits,FL still faces some security and privacy concerns,such as poisoning attacks and inference attacks,prompting exploration into blockchain integration to enhance its security posture.This paper introduces a novel blockchain-enabled federated learning(BCFL)scheme with differential privacy(DP)tailored for IoV.In order to meet the performance demanding IoV environment,the proposed methodology integrates a consortium blockchain with Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance(PBFT)consensus,which offers superior efficiency over the conventional public blockchains.In addition,the proposed approach utilizes the Differentially Private Stochastic Gradient Descent(DP-SGD)algorithm in the local training process of FL for enhanced privacy protection.Experiment results indicate that the integration of blockchain elevates the security level of FL in that the proposed approach effectively safeguards FL against poisoning attacks.On the other hand,the additional overhead associated with blockchain integration is also limited to a moderate level to meet the efficiency criteria of IoV.Furthermore,by incorporating DP,the proposed approach is shown to have the(ε-δ)privacy guarantee while maintaining an acceptable level of model accuracy.This enhancement effectively mitigates the threat of inference attacks on private information.

A Blockchain-Based Efficient Cross-Domain Authentication Scheme for Internet of Vehicles

The Internet of Vehicles(IoV)is extensively deployed in outdoor and open environments to effectively address traffic efficiency and safety issues by connecting vehicles to the network.However,due to the open and variable nature of its network topology,vehicles frequently engage in cross-domain interactions.During such processes,directly uploading sensitive information to roadside units for interaction may expose it to malicious tampering or interception by attackers,thus compromising the security of the cross-domain authentication process.Additionally,IoV imposes high real-time requirements,and existing cross-domain authentication schemes for IoV often encounter efficiency issues.To mitigate these challenges,we propose CAIoV,a blockchain-based efficient cross-domain authentication scheme for IoV.This scheme comprehensively integrates technologies such as zero-knowledge proofs,smart contracts,and Merkle hash tree structures.It divides the cross-domain process into anonymous cross-domain authentication and safe cross-domain authentication phases to ensure efficiency while maintaining a balance between efficiency and security.Finally,we evaluate the performance of CAIoV.Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed scheme reduces computational overhead by approximately 20%,communication overhead by around 10%,and storage overhead by nearly 30%.

Interworking between Modbus and internet of things platform for industrial services

In the era of rapid development of Internet of Things(IoT),numerous machine-to-machine technologies have been applied to the industrial domain.Due to the divergence of IoT solutions,the industry is faced with a need to apply various technologies for automation and control.This fact leads to a demand for an establishing interworking mechanism which would allow smooth interoperability between heterogeneous devices.One of the major protocols widely used today in industrial electronic devices is Modbus.However,data generated by Modbus devices cannot be understood by IoT applications using different protocols,so it should be applied in a couple with an IoT service layer platform.oneM2M,a global IoT standard,can play the role of interconnecting various protocols,as it provides flexible tools suitable for building an interworking framework for industrial services.Therefore,in this paper,we propose an interworking architecture between devices working on the Modbus protocol and an IoT platform implemented based on oneM2M standards.In the proposed architecture,we introduce the way to model Modbus data as oneM2M resources,rules to map them to each other,procedures required to establish interoperable communication,and optimization methods for this architecture.We analyze our solution and provide an evaluation by implementing it based on a solar power management use case.The results demonstrate that our model is feasible and can be applied to real case scenarios.

Vector Dominance with Threshold Searchable Encryption (VDTSE) for the Internet of Things

The Internet of Medical Things(IoMT)is an application of the Internet of Things(IoT)in the medical field.It is a cutting-edge technique that connects medical sensors and their applications to healthcare systems,which is essential in smart healthcare.However,Personal Health Records(PHRs)are normally kept in public cloud servers controlled by IoMT service providers,so privacy and security incidents may be frequent.Fortunately,Searchable Encryption(SE),which can be used to execute queries on encrypted data,can address the issue above.Nevertheless,most existing SE schemes cannot solve the vector dominance threshold problem.In response to this,we present a SE scheme called Vector Dominance with Threshold Searchable Encryption(VDTSE)in this study.We use a Lagrangian polynomial technique and convert the vector dominance threshold problem into a constraint that the number of two equal-length vectors’corresponding bits excluding wildcards is not less than a threshold t.Then,we solve the problem using the proposed technique modified in Hidden Vector Encryption(HVE).This technique makes the trapdoor size linear to the number of attributes and thus much smaller than that of other similar SE schemes.A rigorous experimental analysis of a specific application for privacy-preserving diabetes demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed VDTSE scheme.