BIOTECHNOLOGY BENEFITS FARMERS ——A Brief Introduction of the Biotechnology Research Institute

The Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, is one of the key institutions in China’s agricultural biotechnology area. There are 95 regular staff members and

Study on the Introduction of Plants with Colored Foliage in Zhengzhou Area and Their Adaptability

[Objective] This study aimed to preliminarily select the plants with colored foliage adaptable to Zhengzhou area. [Method] An introduction trial on 42 varieties with colored foliage was conducted, in which major ornamental characteristics, phenological phases and stress resistance of all the introduced plants with colored foliage were observed and the introduced plants were comprehensively evaluated. [Result] Golden-and Compound-leaved Maple, Red-leaved Sakura, Pink-and Compound-leaved Maple, Amur Maple, Purple-leaved Canadian Redbud with good performance were selected preliminarily, which can be applied for landscape in Zhengzhou area. Among them, Golden- and Compound-leaved Maple, Golden- and Silvery-leaved Maple and Purple-leaved Smoketree can either be planted separately, or in a line as boulevard trees, or in groups as ornamental forest; Red-leaved Sakura, Pink- and Compound-leaved Maple and Purple-leaved Canadian Redbud can be planted in groups or separately in gardens, parks or alongside streets or in front of buildings; Amur Maple with high adaptability is a excellent tree species for afforesting barren mountain. [Conclusion] This study has not only provided new excellent germplasm sources for the landscaping in Zhengzhou area, thus favoring the improvement of local landscaping level, but also provides examples and references for the introduction of plants with colored foliage in the other areas.

Approaches of Biological Invasion and Countermeasures in the Introduction of Landscape Plants

Bio-invasion types in the introduction of landscape plants were analyzed as well as invasion approaches and reasons,and corresponding measures were proposed to reduce bio-invasion.

Analysis on genetic diversity of mangrove species of Sonneratia and relationship to plant introduction

RAPD markers were used to assess the relationships among 6 species of Sonneratia in the National Mangrove Nature Reserve of Dongzhai Harbor in Hainan. By using the 15 effective 10 -oligonucleotide arbitrary primers, a total of 512 DNA bands were amplified, among which 297 (58.01%) were polymorphic. Based on UPGMA cluster analysis of 512 DNA bands amplified by the thirty primers, a DNA molecular dendrogram was established, which divided 6 species of Sonneratia into three main groups. Group A included 4 species: Sonneratia apetala , S. hainanensis, S. abla, S. ovata, and Group B: S. paracaseolaris and Group C: S. caseolaris only contained one species respectively. Group A could be divided into two subgroups, A1; Sonneratia apetala , S. hainanensis, S. covata and A2: S. abla; Two populations of Sonneratia apetala, which were from Hainan and Fujian (introduced from Hainan) respectively, were compared by RAPDs. The phenotypic frequencies detected by the 15 primers were calculated and used to estimate diversity (H) within sub-populations. Fujian sub-population exhibited 0.669 and Hainan exhibited 0.671 variability. Shannon's index of phenotypic diversity was then used to partition the diversity within and between sub-populations components. An assessment of the proportion of diversity present within sub-populations, Hpop/Hsp = 0.933, compared with that between sub-populations, (Hsp- Hpop) /Hsp = 0.067, indicates that, on average, most of the diversity (93.3%) is detected within sub-populations; while only 6.7% between populations. The plant introduction of S. hainanensis and S. ovata, which have the nearer genetic distance with Sonneratia apetala , is also discussed.

Construction and Exploration of Teaching Reform about the Horticultural Plant Biotechnology Course

Horticultural Plant Biotechnology is a core course of undergraduate teaching of horticulture with high practicality.For students,its contents are too complex and abstract to master.In order to strengthen the teaching effect of the course,stimulate students’interest in learning,improve students’ability to analyze and solve problems,this article makes an in-depth analysis of the complicated and abstract knowledge points,the endless emergence of new knowledge,the disconnection between practice and experimental teaching in the Horticultural Plant Biotechnology course.Based on the analysis,it puts forward the reasonable and blend methods of online teaching,to cultivate innovative and practical ability of students.

Make Greater Contributions to Development of Our National Electric Power Industry -Introduction to Shanghai Relay plant

Shanghai Relay Plant (SRP) was founded in 1959. With continuous development in nearly 40 years, SRP has become one of the biggest specialized manufacturers of protective relaying and distribution automation equipment for power system in China and a key enterprise of the Ministry of Machinery Industry. SRP was evaluated a State Second-Grade Enterprise in 1988 and awarded

Introduction of Woody Landscape Plants in Linzhi City of Tibet

To figure out current landscaping of Linzhi City, analyze the basic situation of local landscaping quantitatively, and solve related problems in landscaping, this paper applied the 'five-point sampling method' for the layered survey of landscape plant communities, investigated landscape plant species and their application in different regions of Tibet, particularly current landscaping, features and problems of Linzhi City, and put forward corresponding measures. The investigation covered 321 species(cultivars) of 196 genera, 87 families. The results showed that(1) Salix alba, Ligustrum × vicaryi, Poa pratensis had the highest importance value in the tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer, respectively, and the importance value was 68.620, 24.139 and 35.747, respectively.(2) Among all landscape plants in Linzhi City, the most applied families were Rosaceae(48), Salicaceae(21), Asteraceae(20), Leguminosae(20), Gramineae(19), Pinaceae(16), Cupressaceae(13) and Oleaceae(12), accounting for 14.95%, 6.54%, 6.23%, 6.23%, 5.92%, 4.98%, 4.05% and 3.73% of the total investigated species.(3) Natural environment of the plateau was the most influential restraint for local landscaping, and the application of landscape plants varied greatly among regions.(4) The local area was endowed with rich landscape plant resources, but these resources were not ful y developed.

Species and Distribution Characteristics of Alien Invasive Plants in Garden Greenbelt of Shijiazhuang City

[Objectives]The paper was to investigate the garden greenbelt in 30 sample plots such as parks,roads,communities,etc.in Shijiazhuang City.[Methods]The species,abundance and frequency of weeds in the greenbelt of public gardens were recorded through point-line-surface investigation,and typical plants were sampled.[Results]There were 56 species of alien invasive plants in garden greenbelts of Shijiazhuang City,belonging to 44 genera and 20 families.In terms of life form,herbaceous plants were absolutely dominant,accounting for 92.8%of the total.The most alien invasive plants were native to America,accounting for 66.1%of the total.In terms of introduction path,the plants introduced artificially and unintentionally accounted for almost half.The species and quantity of alien invasive plants were related to the size of greenbelt area,the length of the build time of the surveyed plot,the composition structure of greenbelt and the level of green management and protection.There was larger distribution of alien invasive plants in the sample plots with large greenbelt area,long build time,herbaceous-dominated greenbelt and low level of green management and protection.Among the 56 alien invasive plants,3 plants were toxic.From the perspective of invasiveness,the alien invasive plants in the garden greenbelt of Shijiazhuang City could be divided into 5 levels:invasive alien species of malignant consequences,invasive alien species of severe consequences,invasive alien species of partial consequences,invasive alien species of average consequences,and invasive alien species to be observed.[Conclusions]This study will provide a reference for the prevention and control of alien plant invasion,and lay a foundation for the prevention and control of existing invasive plants.

甘肃民勤沙生植物园荒漠植物引种驯化研究综述

据统计我国荒漠维管束植物有82科484属1704种,不仅在防风固沙、改善生态环境方面发挥着重要作用,而且为人类提供重要生活资料,是维系生态平衡、经济和社会可持续发展的宝贵种质资源。以我国第一座荒漠植物园—民勤沙生植物园为案例,对荒漠植物引种驯化工作进行了回顾总结,同时指出未来发展的方向。民勤沙生植物园先后引进各类植物680余种,成功筛选出梭梭、拧条锦鸡儿、细枝羊柴等10余种优良防风固沙造林树种。通过开展蒙古韭、沙蓬、斧翅沙芥、锁阳、肉苁蓉等沙漠经济植物种的驯化栽培与示范推广,丰富了农村产业结构,辐射带动了区域经济发展。未来荒漠区植物引种驯化应面向和美乡村建设与产业发展需求,充分利用甘肃省民勤治沙站荒漠植物国家林木种质资源库平台,强抓国家植物园建设机遇,重视对野生荒漠草本植物种质资源的引种驯化,加强荒漠区林草新品种培育,以期为我国西北风沙区乡村振兴提供技术支撑。

阜阳地区6种杂薰衣草的引种栽培

为探讨杂薰衣草在阜阳地区的生态适应性与应用潜质,以6种杂薰衣草引种品种为研究对象,在栽植第3年对株高、冠幅、花枝数等生长指标,叶色、花色、花期等观赏指标,精油含量、成分、产量等经济指标进行调查分析。结果显示,在阜阳地区各品种均能正常生长,其中‘Mentha’株高最高,达81.30 cm;‘Sumian’冠幅最大,达114.25 cm;‘Nizza’花量最大,干重达252.63 g/株;‘Arabian Nights’花萼、花冠颜色深,花期最早,观赏期最长。经济指标检测显示,‘Arabian Nights’精油提取率最高,达5.34%;‘Nizza’精油产量最高,达9.22 g/株。气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析显示,‘Nizza’精油成分中芳樟醇、乙酸芳樟酯含量较高,品质显著优于其他品种。综上,在阜阳地区,‘Arabian Nights’最适宜用于观赏栽培,‘Nizza’最适宜用于精油提取栽培。

园艺植物生物技术混合式教学模式探究

新农科背景下为培养适应现代园艺产业发展需求的新型人才,开展混合式教学模式探究是重要的途径之一。以“园艺植物生物技术”课程为例,结合教学实际,分析课程教学中存在问题,通过线上平台建设、线下教学组织与实施,教学效果评价等,探索线上线下混合式教学模式在园艺专业核心课程中的教学效果。线上线下混合式教学模式通过改变学生学习方式,提升学生自主学习、发现问题和解决问题的能力,能够有效提高“园艺植物生物技术”课程教学效果,达到园艺专业本科人才培养方案的要求。

‘维纳斯黄金’苹果在辽宁省的引种试栽表现

在辽宁省绥中县、庄河市和辽宁省果树科学研究所选择3个果园试栽‘维纳斯黄金’苹果,果实10月上旬成熟。均在定植后第4年进入盛果期,每666.7 m2产量1270~1688 kg。该品种高桩,果肉淡黄色,香气浓郁。2023年10月测定,3个果园的平均单果重246.6~292.4 g,果型指数0.92~0.93,果实硬度7.98~8.23 kg/cm2,可溶性固形物含量15.4%~17.6%。表现出优质、高产、抗逆性强等优异性状,值得推广。

“新农科”背景下种子科学与工程专业课程改革——以植物生物技术为例

新农科建设已成为当今高等院校涉农专业人才培养的指路明灯。为国家培养出符合现代种业发展需要的复合型人才是种子科学与工程专业每位教师肩上的责任和义务,该文从新农科建设中专业课程改革的视角,分析植物生物技术课程在种子科学与工程专业教学过程中存在的不足及具体的改革方法,紧跟时代步伐提高教学质量,把握时代脉搏培养具有创新能力的新型种业人才。

药用植物DNA条形码与分子标记技术的研究进展

目的对药用植物DNA条形码技术和分子标记技术的研究进展进行综述,为药用植物鉴定、遗传育种及种质资源保护的进一步研究奠定基础。方法查阅总结近年来国内外文献,对DNA条形码技术和分子标记技术的特征、种类及在药用植物中的应用情况进行总结。结果DNA条形码和分子标记技术已经被广泛应用于药用植物中。DNA条形码技术能够迅速且精确地对药用植物进行鉴定,克服了传统鉴别方式的缺陷;分子标记技术则以其操作简便、敏感度高、结果精确等优势,在促进药用植物的科学研究中获得了广泛的应用。结论DNA条形码和分子标记技术的出现对药用植物的鉴定产生了积极的影响,为种质资源的保护、鉴定、亲缘关系分析和遗传进化提供了依据,随着科技的不断进步,DNA条形码和分子标记技术也将不断精确,并对中医药现代化产生更加深远的影响。

植物种质资源引进风险分析方法概述

种质资源作为生物资源的重要组成部分,是培育作物优质、高产、抗病(虫)、抗逆新品种的物质基础。近年来,为满足我国种业飞速发展的需要,我国不断从国外引入大量的种质资源,种质资源相比其他植物产品携带有害生物的风险更高。种质资源引进过程中不可避免地携带有害生物,可能会带来严重危害。目前,美国、澳大利亚等国家已制定了关于种质资源的风险分析方法,但我国缺少针对种质资源有害生物统一的风险分析方法。本文分析了国际植物检疫措施标准、主要的贸易国家及我国有害生物风险分析标准方法的主要内容,针对引进种质资源过程中亟需解决的有害生物风险分析问题开展讨论,并对种质资源有害生物风险分析系统其未来展开工作提出以下建议:设置符合种质资源风险分析特性的指标;采用半定量风险评估方法对种质资源进行风险分析;根据不断的学习和实际工作的需要,对风险评估指标体系进行验证和适当修改。

昆明地区22种苦苣苔科植物引种综合评价

【目的】筛选在昆明地区适应性强、观赏价值高的苦苣苔科植物,为苦苣苔科植物开发、推广及新品种选育提供理论依据。【方法】基于保存率、长势、病虫害等7个指标对贵港报春苣苔、中华报春苣苔、长茎芒毛苣苔等22种苦苣苔科植物进行生长状况评价,并运用层次分析法(AHP)对22种苦苣苔科植物的花色、叶长、株型等17个指标进行观赏性状评价。【结果】生长状况评价方面,所有种类均能正常越冬并开花,其生长状况可被划分为5个等级,其中,生长优良(Ⅰ)、生长良好(Ⅱ)、生长一般(Ⅲ)和生长不良(Ⅳ)的种分别占总数的18.18%、27.27%、13.64%和40.91%,无全部死亡(Ⅴ)的种。观赏性状评价方面,在17个指标中花色、群体花期和花茎轴长占重要因素,花序繁密度、花筒长度、叶面斑纹、生长状况和株型因素次之。根据每个物种的综合评价分值,将22个苦苣苔科植物划分为3个等级:一级总分≥3.0,观赏性最强,包括贵港报春苣苔、中华报春苣苔等6个种;二级总分2.5~3.0,包括长柱报春苣苔、焰苞报春苣苔等12个种;三级总分≤2.5,包括冬花报春苣苔、龙氏报春苣苔等4个种。【结论】贵港报春苣苔、中华报春苣苔、长茎芒毛苣苔、烟叶报春苣苔、圆叶汉克苣苔和斑叶汉克苣苔6个一级种适宜在昆明地区引种应用;长柱报春苣苔、焰苞报春苣苔、齿叶吊石苣苔、柳江报春苣苔、爱子报春苣苔、川鄂粗筒苣苔等、黄花牛耳朵、河池报春苣苔和革叶光叶苣苔12个二级种要按实际需求选择性引种;冬花报春苣苔、龙氏报春苣苔、单座苣苔和紫花苣苔4个三级种不适合在昆明地区引种栽培。

安息香属植物研究进展

系统梳理安息香属植物研究与应用进展,为安息香属植物的研究、保护和利用提供参考。文章总结了国内外安息香属植物地理分布与分类、生物学与生态学特性、繁殖与栽培及应用价值。重点归纳了近年来安息香属植物横纵向分布范围、主要分类依据、开花生物学、种子生物学、生态学特性、实生育苗及无性繁殖技术、药用价值、经济价值、观赏价值等方向的研究进展。指出目前安息香属植物研究存在研究物种局限、研究领域单一、引种保护力度不足等问题,提出未来应加强安息香属植物濒危种的保护、原种的引种驯化以及新品种的培育及其推广应用。

AP番荔枝在广西崇左的引种表现及栽培技术

为了调优热带水果品种比例,于2016年自湛江引入优良品种AP番荔枝进行试种。经过7年的引种栽培试验,AP番荔枝在广西崇左生长结果表现良好,果实大小中等、均匀。果实性状方面,AP番荔枝平均单果重297.8g,比普通番荔枝品种(CK)的181.6g增加64.0%,差异达极显著;可食率66%,比CK的57%增加15.8%,可溶性固形物24.5%,比CK的20.5%提高19.5%,这两项指标差异达显著;单果种子28粒,比CK的45粒减少37.8%,差异达极显著;可溶性糖18.3%,比CK的16.8%提高8.90%,平均株产量比CK高4.2%~10.5%,两项指标差异不显著。AP番荔枝具有早结丰产特性,其果实大、品质好、可食率高、可溶性固形物高,适合广西崇左发展种植。

燕窝果在云南普洱的引种表现

以燕窝果嫁接苗为试验材料,开展燕窝果引种栽培试验研究,观测生长量、生物学特性、物候、果实形态特征、果实品质、抗性、初产等指标,研究燕窝果在云南普洱的引种表现。结果表明:(1)燕窝果引进到普洱种植萌芽、成枝能力强,一年四季均能萌芽、抽新稍;(2)燕窝果具有早实、丰产、稳产特性,平均单果重356.9 g,平均纵径98.76 mm,平均横径71.78 mm,果形指数为137.6%,可食率为60.85%,初产平均每667 m^(2)产量为426.7 kg,盛产平均每667 m^(2)产量1350 kg;(3)燕窝果果实中富含多种维生素、蛋白质、氨基酸、可溶性固形物、总糖、还原糖等人体所需的营养物质,可溶性固形物含量为21.1%,每百克果实中含有蛋白质1.6 g,淀粉2.3 g,还原糖8.6 g,VC 4.75 g;(4)燕窝果具有较强的抗虫害、抗旱能力。通过研究,燕窝果在云南普洱种植表现较好,能正常生长结实,产量较高,适宜在云南普洱推广种植,助力“一村一品”产业振兴。