Iron and Heart Failure: Current Concepts and Emerging Pharmacological Paradigms

Background: Emerging evidence has recognized that anemia and iron deficiency are recurrent comorbidities in chronic heart failure (HF) and several trials have established that iron administration improves myocardial asset and clinical scenario in HF. Purpose: Recent acquisitions suggest that iron deficiency represents a concrete bias in the pathogenetic mechanism of chronic HF, so we have investigated the putative role of the hepcidin/ferroportin axis in the cardiovascular setting to advocate novel pharmacological and clinical approaches. Methods: Here, after an excursus on iron metabolism, we first reviewed the ongoing studies on novel iron targeted compounds. Then, we summarize large clinical interventional studies conducted on patient suffering from iron deficiency and HF which have tested the effects of drugging iron regard QoL, hospitalizations and cardiovascular death. Results: Novel compounds such as hepcidin agonist (PTG 300), synthetic human hepcidin (LJPC-401) and anti FPN (Vamifeport) are ongoing in iron overloaded patients, while the hepcidin blocker (PRS-080) is under investigation in anemic patients. Noteworthy, novel insights could arise from the results of a Phase IV interventional study regarding the modification of hepcidin pathway in a large cohort of HF patients (n = 1992) by sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. To date, several studies highlight the beneficial effect of iron administration in cardiovascular setting and latest evidences consider hepcidin level as a novel biomarker of cardiac injury and atherosclerosis. Conclusions: We advocate that data from ongoing studies will suggest novel iron targeted therapies for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy transferable in selected heart failed patients.

Iron-Deficiency Anemia Management in Gynecological Surgery: A Review of Current Evidence and Best Practices

Purpose: Due to the high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in women undergoing gynecological surgeries and its association with worse postoperative results, it is necessary to identify and treat anemia preoperatively. However, although anemia and iron deficiency are significant global health problems, there are still disparities in the recognition and implementation of “Patient Blood Management” (PBM) as a comprehensive approach to mitigating the risks associated with these diseases. The purpose of the study is to review best practices for the treatment of anemia based on the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol and PBM recommendations. Methods: This study reviewed the literature on preoperative iron deficiency anemia in patients undergoing gynecological surgery. We identified references through searches in PubMed using relevant search terms. Results: Among the various strategies used in PBM, perhaps the most important is the early detection and management of anemia. In gynecological surgery, there are several approaches to reducing perioperative blood loss, highlighting the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists (aGnRh) and antifibrinolytics. Oral and intravenous iron supplementation can be performed in addition to blood transfusion to treat anemia. Conclusion: Addressing preoperative and postoperative anemia through systematic correction, following the guidelines of the ERAS protocol and PBM guidelines, is essential to improving perioperative outcomes in women undergoing gynecological surgery.

Efficacy and Safety of Iron Isomaltoside Compared with an Oral Iron Supplement in the Management of Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia

Objective: To evaluate the treatment outcome of iron isomaltoside compared with an oral iron supplement in the management of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Methods: The study included patients with IDA who visited the Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from October 2021 to August 2022 and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the actual application of iron supplementation, the patients were divided into two groups: iron isomaltoside treatment group and oral iron treatment group. Baseline measurements were collected before the start of treatment, and measurements were collected subsequently at intervals of 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. The hematological parameters analyzed included Hemoglobin (Hb), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Hemoglobin content (MCH), Mean corpuscular Hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and Platelet (Plt). Safety data and adverse event profiles were recorded. Results: Intra-group comparisons: After 1 month of treatment, the Hb significantly improved (P 0.05). Inter-group comparisons: The biochemical parameters were significantly improved (P 0.05) in the iron isomaltoside group compared with those in the oral iron group after 1 month of iron supplementation in patients with mild and moderate anemia. Adverse reactions were tolerable for the patients in both iron isomaltoside group and oral iron group. Only 1 patient in iron isomaltoside group developed anaphylactic shock during medication and recovered after aggressive rescue. Conclusions: Iron isomaltoside which increases Hb more rapidly compared with the oral iron supplementation has few adverse reactions and good acceptance.

The Impact of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria, Iron, and Zinc Foliar Application on Dry Land Yellow Mustard (Brassica juncea) Grain and Oil Production

The study, conducted at the Research Farm of the College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz in 2021, focused on the effects of various nitrogen-fixing bacterial isolates, biofertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as iron and zinc foliar applications on mustard growth under rainfed conditions. The results indicated that biofertilizers, whether used alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers, produced comparable grain and oil outputs compared to chemical fertilizers alone. Additionally, the application of iron and zinc through foliar spraying significantly enhanced both grain and oil production. These findings suggest that integrating nitrogen-fixing bacteria and biofertilizers could reduce reliance on chemical nitrogenous fertilizers, leading to decreased production expenses, improved product quality, and minimized environmental impact. This study highlights the potential for sustainable agricultural practices in dry land farming as a viable alternative to traditional chemical-intensive methods. Substituting chemical nitrogenous fertilizers with nitrogen-fixing bacteria or biofertilizers could result in cost savings in mustard grain and oil production while promoting environmental sustainability.

Impact of Regular Blood Donation on Body Iron Stores at Saudi Blood Donors

Introduction: One of the most frequent observations in long-term blood donation is chronic iron deficiency, which can develop into anaemia. The majority of blood screening methods employed by blood banks do not incorporate iron-status markers, which may result in potential subclinical iron deficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of repeated blood donation on the levels of iron in the body and to guide blood donors in preventing the depletion of iron stores. Methods: Regular blood donors were categorised into distinct groups according to the number of donations they gave, and then the correlation between these groups and their bodies’ iron levels was examined. Different parameters were employed to identify iron deficiency and iron depletion in blood donors: serum ferritin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and serum iron. Results: The study included 300 individuals who regularly and willingly donated blood. There were no iron insufficiency cases among those donating blood for the first time (Group I). However, 15.5% of individuals who had donated once before (Group II) had ferritin levels of 15 - 30 μg/dl (ng/ml), indicating reduced iron stores. The rate increased to 18% (37 out of 206 individuals) among regular blood donors (Groups III, IV, and V). Iron deficiency (depletion) prevalence among regular blood donors in Groups III, IV, and V was 5.9% (12 out of 206) and 50.4% (100 out of 206). Donors who had donated blood most frequently had the lowest levels of haematological markers MCH, MCHC, and TIBC. Provide the p-values representing the differences between the means of MCV, MCH, iron, TIBC, and ferritin levels when comparing donor groups with the control group (Group I) based on the frequency of donations. Indicate statistically significant differences where the p-value is less than 0.0125. This significance level is adjusted based on the Bonferroni method, considering multiple independent tests. The result shows that the Iron parameter for the comparison between Group I and Group III and Group I and Group IV suggests a statistically significant difference in iron levels between these donor groups. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that a higher times of donations lads to a higher occurrence of depleted iron stores and subsequent erythropoiesis with iron deficiency by one donor from every three healthy donors. The iron and ferritin concentrations were within the normal range in group one (Control group) and reduced in the other four groups (G-2 to G-5). However, the level of haemoglobin remained within an acceptable range for blood donation. This outcome suggests that it may be necessary to reassess the criteria for accepting blood donors. The average serum ferritin levels were examined in all five groups (G-1 to G-5), both for males and females, and significant variations were seen among the groups under study. This study found that 35% of the individuals who regularly donate blood have iron-deficient anaemia (sideropenia). This suggests that it would be beneficial to test for serum ferritin at an earlier stage, ideally after three donations.

Improvement of Rice Plant Root by Kaolin Application in Iron Toxicity Condition at Zoukougbeu (Central-West of Côte d’Ivoire)

In the tropics, lowland rice cultivation is often confronted with the problem of iron toxicity. The solution proposed by research in general is the use of industrial silicon. However, the high cost of industrial silicon limits its adoption by farmers. A study was carried out in Zakogbeu;Center-West of Côte d’Ivoire, to assess the potential of kaolin to mitigate the effect of this soil constraint on the root of the rice plant. Five kaolin-based treatments were analyzed (T0 = 0 kg kaolin ha−1, T1 = 366 kg kaolin ha−1, T2 = 736 kg kaolin ha−1, T3 = 1097 kg kaolin ha−1 and T4 = 1465 kg kaolin ha−1 are 0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 kg SiO2 ha−1) in a device in complete random blocks, with 5 repetitions. The results obtained show that kaolin supply increases the length of the root tissue as well as the number of branching of the root of the rice plant. Root tissue increased from 10 cm with T0 treatment to more than 15 cm with treatment T4. The microscopic observation of the roots shows that in the treatment T0, the roots present only primary ramifications and the tertiary and quaternary ramifications are observed with the treatments T3 and T4. The contribution of kaolin is an alternative to inhibit the effect of iron toxicity on the rice plant root development in iron toxicity condition.

中国铁矿石选矿技术发展与展望

铁矿石作为钢铁工业最为重要的原材料,是我国重要的战略性矿产资源之一。我国铁矿资源储量丰富,但97%以上属于贫矿,需要经过选矿富集后才能供给高炉炼铁。多年来,在我国选矿工作者的共同努力下,我国铁矿选矿技术得到长足进步和发展。通过回顾我国铁矿选矿技术的发展历程,综述单一弱磁选、单一浮选、重选—磁选—反浮选、磁化焙烧—磁选等主要选矿技术在我国铁矿选矿厂的应用,总结我国典型多金属共生型铁矿石如伴生稀土/萤石型铁矿石、伴生钛铁矿型铁矿石、伴生多金属硫化物型铁矿石和伴生硼铁矿型铁矿石的选矿现状,介绍影响我国铁矿选矿技术进步的关键设备如圆锥破碎机、高压辊磨机、半自磨机、立环脉动高梯度磁选机、高频振动细筛、搅拌磨机等,指出我国铁矿选矿未来要以“高效节能、低碳减排”为原则,以“优质优用、劣质能用”为战略,开发选冶联合工艺,研发大型高效设备,研制低温环保药剂,提高智能控制水平,加强资源综合利用。

条带状铁建造的原始矿物组成:进展与问题

原生矿物信息作为前寒武纪条带状铁建造(BIF)研究的最基本命题,是研究BIF成矿规律及其早期地球环境效应的基础。长期以来,将低级变质且保存部分原始矿物及沉积结构的BIF作为研究对象,进而追踪BIF的原始矿物组成与后期演变过程一直是科学家们关心的关键问题。目前,关于BIF原始矿物组成主要有三种认识:三价铁的氢氧化物、铁硅酸盐(成分类似于铁蛇纹石和黑硬绿泥石)和绿锈。其中,绿锈为含二价和三价铁的过渡态化合物,仅可见于局部缺氧环境。由于绿锈的亚稳态性质,对于其在类似于前寒武纪的富硅海洋条件下转变成何种矿物及相关转变的具体途径仍不清楚。因而,当前关于原始铁质矿物的争议主要存在于三价铁的氢氧化物和铁硅酸盐之间,由此引发的对BIF成矿理论及其对古环境指示意义的理解也存在较大分歧。本文系统回顾和评述了近年来BIF原始矿物组成研究的重要进展;在此基础上,认为三价铁的氢氧化物应是BIF最为主要的原始矿物,其次为铁硅酸盐矿物,二者可能在地质历史时间和空间分布上具有差异性。然而,支持铁硅酸盐原始成因的现有证据主要为经典的岩相学特征,急需更多元素和同位素地球化学等方面的佐证。BIF中现有铁质矿物组合应是原始沉淀物在成岩-变质作用条件下发生转变的产物,相较于成岩早期的菱铁矿,磁铁矿可能形成时间偏晚,究竟是生物-有机质成因抑或是菱铁矿的热化学分解成因亟待深入探讨。在此背景下,同时考虑到华北作为国际上BIF的重要产区,且发育不同变质级别的太古宙末期BIF,可能完整记录了BIF的全部历程。因此,可立足于华北,在已有的初步工作基础上,深度挖掘,力图为BIF矿物成因演变规律提供进一步约束,极大深化和推动我国BIF的成因研究。

辽宁某铁矿低温捕收剂浮选工艺试验

辽宁某铁矿石选矿厂的弱磁—强磁混合磁选精矿的TFe品位为53.92%,主要铁矿物以磁/赤铁矿的形式存在,主要脉石矿物为石英。该选矿厂现场采用TD-Ⅱ捕收剂进行反浮选,但浮选矿浆温度为40℃,导致资源浪费,为提高生产指标,使用东北大学自主研发的新型含多极性基低温捕收剂DZ对该选厂的混合磁选精矿进行反浮选试验研究。试验考察了捕收剂DZ用量、矿浆pH值、浮选温度、淀粉用量、CaO用量对混合磁选精矿的浮选行为的影响。针对TFe品位为53.92%的混合磁选精矿,采用新型低温捕收剂DZ在浮选温度15±2℃、矿浆pH值9、淀粉用量750g/t、捕收剂DZ用量150g/t,在不添加活化剂的条件下,经过“一粗二精三扫”的浮选闭路试验,可得到TFe品位65.24%、铁回收率93.03%的浮选精矿指标。采用捕收剂TD-Ⅱ在浮选温度40±2℃、矿浆pH值11、淀粉用量900g/t、CaO用量900g/t、捕收剂TD-Ⅱ用量350g/t的条件下,经过“一粗一精三扫”的浮选闭路试验,可得到TFe品位65.47%、铁回收率90.71%的浮选精矿指标。对新型低温捕收剂DZ以及现场药剂TD-Ⅱ体系所得浮选闭路的精矿进行产品检查,通过浮选结果与产品检查对比可发现,新型低温捕收剂DZ是一种高效、选择性高的低温浮选捕收剂,能有效解决选矿厂在反浮选过程中的能源浪费问题,节约选矿成本,提高资源利用效率。

氯离子体系铀溶液中铁、钍、稀土的去除研究

采用复盐沉淀法,用硫酸钠同时去除氯离子体系铀溶液中的铁、钍、稀土杂质离子,并研究了硫酸钠用量、反应温度、反应时间、体系pH等对除杂效果的影响。结果表明,反应的最佳条件为:硫酸钠用量为理论量的160%、反应温度95℃、反应时间2 h、体系pH=0.75~1.25。在此优化条件下,铁、钍和总稀土的平均去除率分别达到99.62%、99.42%和98.27%,铀的平均回收率为99.87%。方法具有除杂效果好、铀损失率低、易分离等优点。

镍电解除铜后液氯气氧化沉淀法除铁钴

以氯气(Cl_(2))为Fe^(2+)和Co^(2+)氧化的氧化剂、Na_(2)CO_(3)为沉淀剂,对镍电解阳极液—硫化氢除铜后液深度除铁钴、Cl_(2)利用率和除铁钴渣成分进行了系统研究,用正交试验和单因素条件试验确立了最佳的Cl_(2)氧化沉淀法除铁钴的最佳工艺条件,阐明了除铁钴渣中镍、铁、钴的存在形态。结果表明:Cl_(2)氧化沉淀铁、镍和钴的反应均属于放热反应,能够自发进行,且热力学反应优先顺序为Fe^(2+)>Co^(2+)>Ni^(2+);正交试验和单因素条件试验结果一致,最佳的除铁钴工艺条件为:通Cl_(2)前pH=5.0、通Cl_(2)终点ORP=1050 mV、反应终点pH≥4.5。在此条件下,Fe^(2+)和Co^(2+)去除率分别为99.8%和97%,Cl_(2)利用率大于97%,除铁钴渣的Ni(Fe+Co)=0.88。除铁钴渣主要由Ni、Fe、Co、O、S等元素组成;Ni以+2价为主,Fe和Co则以+3价为主。

磁性生物炭合成及其对重金属吸附机制的研究进展

磁性生物炭(Magnetic biochar,MBC)因其磁分离能力和广阔应用前景而受到研究者广泛关注。MBC中碳基结构特征(如形貌、比表面积、官能团等)和铁氧化物形态及分布受多因素影响,如原料来源、热解温度、合成方法等。然而,MBC特性与合成条件的关联性以及MBC对重金属的吸附机制有待进一步研究。本文通过阐述合成条件对MBC特性的影响及其吸附重金属机制,提出关于未来MBC吸附重金属研究的一些科学问题,这将为认识MBC的环境效应提供重要的基础信息。

难选高铁软锰矿流态化磁化焙烧-磁选浸出工艺

【目的】提高难选高铁软锰矿的资源利用效率,缓解我国锰矿资源依赖进口的现状。【方法】采用流化床反应器作为焙烧装置,模拟发生炉煤气气体组分作为还原气体,对云南省某地区的难选高铁软锰矿进行流态化磁化焙烧。对还原后的焙烧矿进行磨矿-弱磁磁选,得到铁精矿和锰精矿。最后,对锰精矿中的锰进行酸浸浸出。【结果】在500℃流态化还原焙烧10 min,该难选高铁软锰矿即可达到最佳的还原状态效果,当样品的磨矿粒径<30μm的颗粒的质量分数为65%时,即可达到最佳的解离效果。选别后铁精矿铁品位和回收率分别为57.24%和76.55%,锰精矿锰品位和回收率分别为24.41%和73.84%,锰精矿的铁浸出率仅有1.94%。【结论】考察难选高铁软锰矿流态化磁化焙烧-磁选浸出规律,可以降低反应温度,缩短反应时间,低碳节能;抑制过还原反应的发生,可以提高铁资源利用率,降低浸出酸耗和除铁剂消耗。低能耗、低消耗和高利用率可以极大地提高难选高铁软锰矿的经济性,解决这部分资源难于利用的困境。

Iron Status of a People Living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa Using a Multi-Criteria Approach Based on the Determination of Blood Ferritin, sTfR, CRP and sTfR-F Index

Background: The assessment of iron status using a single biomarker of iron metabolism is not enough sensitive and specific to reliably diagnose iron deficiency associated with multiple comorbidities. The objective of this study was to describe the iron status of people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa using a multi-criteria approach based on the determination of blood ferritin, sTfR, CRP and the calculation of sTfR-F index. Methods: This study was conducted using a retrospective panel of 933 sera/plasmas. We determined serum ferritin concentration, serum sTfR concentration, and C-reactive protein (CRP) by immunoturbidimetry for each subject. The sTfR-F index was determined by calculating the sTfR/log ferritin ratio. The statistical test used was Chi2. Results: Regardless of the inflammatory syndrome, we determined 3.80%, 30.29%, and 42.70% iron deficiency based on the separate interpretation of ferritin concentration, sTfR, and sTfR-F calculation, respectively. We used those biomarkers in addition to CRP in an algorithm for the diagnosis of iron deficiency. Subjects without inflammatory syndrome, had iron deficiency of 2.89% (n = 26). Taking into account the presence of an inflammatory syndrome, the frequency obtained was n = 88 (9.78%). Overall, iron deficiency was diagnosed in 114 (12.67%) patients when we used the diagnostic algorithm. Conclusion: The use of diagnostic algorithms combining several biomarkers of iron metabolism and taking into account the presence or absence of an inflammatory syndrome is a good approach to detect a large number of iron deficiencies in a population. Therefore, an assessment of the effectiveness of different diagnostic algorithms is necessary.

山西中条山宋家山钴铁矿床钴的赋存状态及成矿规律

宋家山钴铁矿床位于中条山地区东南缘“同善天窗”的中部,容矿岩石主要为古元古代宋家山群绛道沟组火山-沉积岩系。钴铁矿体受地层岩性控制,呈SN向层状展布。金属矿物主要为磁铁矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、硫铜钴矿和硫钴矿,非金属矿物主要为石英、方解石、绢云母和绿泥石。矿石构造以块状、似条带状、浸染状、团块状和细脉状为主。黄铁矿和黄铜矿多呈浸染状和细脉状分布。围岩蚀变主要包括硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化、碳酸盐化和绿泥石化等。钴铁矿体的形成主要包括沉积、变质和热液三个期次。矿石显微镜观察、硫化物扫描电镜和电子探针分析,表明钴元素主要赋存在硫铜钴矿、硫钴矿和黄铁矿中。黄铁矿特征元素Co/Ni比值主要集中在100~1000之间,个别比值小于100,反映硫化物的形成主体与热液活动有关。硫化物原位硫同位素组成δ^(34) S在12‰~16‰之间,低于元古代海水硫酸盐的δ^(34) S值(15‰~20‰),揭示热化学还原(TSR)在海水硫酸盐还原过程中起到关键作用。综合研究表明宋家山矿床富钴矿体的形成经历了初始火山-沉积、造山期间含钴变质流体沿片理构造充填交代、造山后期热液活动的叠加等过程。由此认为宋家山矿床成因类型属沉积-变质热液叠加型钴铁矿床。

分段管廊装载供水管道穿越地裂缝适宜性研究

在活动地裂缝影响下,供水管道拉裂、错断现象时有发生,并引发严重的次生灾害。本文以西安市西南郊水厂拟建球墨铸铁管道穿越地裂缝为工程背景,建立管道45°穿越活动地裂缝的数值模型,分析地裂缝影响下管道的内力响应与变形特征,结果表明:地裂缝作用会使管道接口偏转角过大而导致其防水失效。因此提出一种分段管廊装载供水管道穿越地裂缝的方法,建立分段管廊装载供水管道穿越地裂缝的数值模型,分析管道与管廊通缝、错缝两种工况、不同分段管廊长度、不同地裂缝位置、不同穿越角度下管廊与管道的内力响应与变形特征。得出管廊装载管道穿越地裂缝的最佳方案为管道与管廊通缝布设,采用单节长度为18 m的分段管廊,使地裂缝位于管廊的2/3处,并尽量以小角度穿越地裂缝。研究成果对城市供水管道穿越活动地裂缝的工程建设与灾害防治具有实际意义。

高精度重磁方法寻找隐伏矽卡岩型铁矿

位于华北克拉通东部的鲁中莱芜地区是矽卡岩型富铁矿重要产区,矿床主要产于矿山岩体与中奥陶统碳酸盐岩地层的接触带中。本文利用最新重磁测量成果,对矿山岩体外围西部石家泉—刘家庙一带重磁异常特征进行了细致研究,结合区内已知铁矿重磁场特征,圈定了深部找矿靶区。在成矿有利地段布设了大比例尺重磁剖面,以已知钻孔为约束条件,利用2.5D重磁联合反演技术,对重磁异常进行了定性及定量解释。解释结果为后续钻孔位置布设及深度预测提供了依据,该钻孔揭露了15.8 m厚的富铁矿,找矿效果显著,为今后本区进一步寻找矽卡岩型铁矿提供了重要指示依据。

转炉高锰铁水炼钢工艺研究

为了解转炉高锰铁水炼钢情况,对涟钢210 t转炉42炉吹炼终点钢水进行了取样、测温,根据所得到数据计算了锰氧化反应热力学参数(K′Mn,γ(MnO),L Mn)及炉渣碱度、氧化铁、钢水温度对锰氧化热力学参数的影响。对于吹炼终点钢水与炉渣反应的平衡值及反应偏离平衡状况进行了计算。利用回归分析方法,给出了终点钢中含锰量与转炉吹炼工艺参数关系。吹炼终点渣中平均w(TFe)=20.0%,终点钢中平均w(Mn)=0.147%。终渣平均w(MnO)=6.28%,较正常含锰铁水炼钢终渣高,增加了炉渣流动性,有利于化渣。锰的收得率较低(平均23%),与转炉炼钢铁水硅含量高、渣量大有关。

秦岭北麓沣河流域矿区生境质量的时空演变及驱动因素分析

秦岭是中国的“中央水塔”,研究秦岭北麓矿山生境质量的时空演变特征对区域生态保护和可持续发展意义重大。为了评估小流域背景下人类活动对矿山生态环境的影响,该研究针对沣河流域内的重点工程祥峪铁矿区,基于遥感影像提取其1985、2002、2010年和2022年土地利用变化,结合InVEST(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs)模型和地理探测器定量分析该矿区生境质量变化与驱动因素。结果表明:祥峪铁矿区的土地利用变化主要由旱地逐步转变为林地和工业用地,疏林地转入面积达到18245505.71 m^(2),退耕还林还草工程取得显著成效;祥峪铁矿区生境质量指数由0.50下降为0.49,标准差由0.06增加为0.09,说明生境质量有所下降,空间差异不断扩大,区域整体平均生境退化度降低,但工业用地迅速扩张对周边林地产生持续影响;生境质量变化是自然因素和人文因素共同作用的结果,其中,土地利用变化是造成生态环境脆弱的主要原因,对生境质量变化的解释力达到0.82。该研究可为分析其他类似矿区生态环境演变,推动景观格局的优化和生态文明建设提供科学参考。

液氮抑制32650型磷酸铁锂电池组热失控传播特性试验研究

文章从磷酸铁锂电池组热失控危险特性出发,通过试验研究32650型磷酸铁锂电池单体热失控特征及其电池组间热失控传播过程。探究利用液氮喷淋阻断电池组间热失控传播,分析液氮对磷酸铁锂电池的防灭火效能。结果表明:单体锂电池热失控可划分为被动加热、安全阀泄压、自反应、喷射火、明火熄灭等5个阶段,单体电池温度变化曲线呈倒“V”形。液氮可有效阻断电池组间的热失控传播,能够大幅降低喷射火阶段的电池峰值温度。且喷淋时间越长,阻止电池组热失控传播越明显。30 s液氮喷淋条件下,除电池A1外,其他电池未进入安全阀泄压阶段。