Effects of Different Planting Densities on the Yield of Rice Developed from Seedlings Dry Raised in Plug Trays

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different planting densities on rice tillering dynamics and yield. [Methods]The effects of different planting densities on rice yield were studied based on seedlings dry raised in plug trays. [Results]Planting density had obvious effects on tillering dynamics,number of panicles per unit area,number of grains per panicle and rice yield under the condition of seedlings dry raised in plug trays. Comprehensive analysis showed that the row spacing × hill spacing = 25 cm × 14 cm,that is,the planting density of 2. 85 × 10~5 hills/hm^2,achieved the highest yield,at 9 960 kg/hm^2. [Conclusions]This study provides a scientific basis for optimizing rice cultivation techniques and achieving high yield and high efficiency in rice production.

Effects of plug tray cell size on the growth of Atractylodes Chinensis (DC) Koidz seedlings

Atractylodes Chinensis(DC)Koidz is a perennial herb often used as a prescription medicine for influenza,to invigorate the spleen and remove dampness.The quality of the herb is determined by the quality of the seedlings.The traditional A.chinensis seedling production technique has nonuniform seedlings and low mechanisation.The plug seedling technique was used to produce A.Chinensis seedlings.This study was conducted to determine the growth characteristics of A.Chinensis seedlings according to the cell size of plug trays and number of days after sowing.Plant height,stem diameter,rhizome diameter,number of leaves,leaf area,and shoot dry and fresh weight of A.Chinensis seedlings were significantly higher in the P32-D treatment than in the P72,P50,and P32 treatments,but not significantly different from the P28-D treatment 60 d after sowing.The P28-D treatment resulted in a considerable drop in rhizome fresh weight and healthy seedling index,both of which are key indicators for assessing seedling quality.Although the differences in Pn among treatments were not significantly different,Tr was considerably greater in A.Chinensis seedlings treated with P32-D and P28-D than in the other three treatments.The P32-D and P28-D treatments had considerably greater potential maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII,quantum yield of photosystem II,photochemical quenching and electron transport rate than the other three treatments.Root vitality of A.Chinensis seedlings was significantly stronger in the P32-D treatment than in the other four treatments,and it was 1.9 times higher than in the P28-D treatment.The soluble protein,soluble sugar,and starch contents of A.Chinensis seedlings were highest in the P32-D treatment,but the differences among treatments were not significant.LUE,EUE,PY and EY were significantly higher in the P32-D treatment than in the other four treatments,being 1.3,1.3,1.4 and 1.4 times higher than in P28-D,respectively.On the other hand,as for the change in the growth of A.Chinensis seedlings according to the number of days after sowing,the growth of shoots and rhizome was most vigorous at the 60 d after sowing,while the fresh weight of the rhizome,which can be considered as an indicator of root growth,increased steadily during the experiment but slowed down after 60 d.As a result,32-cell deepened plug trays and a seedling nursery for a period of 60-75 d are recommended for commercial cultivation of A.Chinensis seedlings.This will provide technical support for production in A.Chinensis seedling.

Effects of Low Temperature and Poor Light Environments under LED Lighting on Quality Change of Pepper Seedlings during Storage

Storage and transportation of vegetable commercial seedlings becomes an important link along with the continuous expansion of planting areas of facility vegetables and vegetable seedling culture industry. In this study,pepper variety‘Nongda 24' was as the experimental material,and changes in the morphological and physiological indicators of plug seedlings in different low temperature( 6 and 11℃) and poor light environments were studied to find suitable storage environmental conditions. The results showed that pepper seedlings could be stored and transported for 14 days when storage temperature was 11℃ and light conditions such as light intensity and photoperiod were 30 μmol/( m^2·s)and 12 h/d by using a fluorescent lamp with R∶ B ratio of 1. 9,and 15 μmol/( m^2·s) and 24 h/d by using LED with R∶ B ratio of 1. 3,respectively. Moreover,the quality of pepper seedlings could be protected effectively. Compared to the fluorescent lamp,LED with high luminous efficiency and low energy consumption was suitable for the storage or long-distance transportation of pepper seedlings in low temperature and poor light environments.

Plug Seedling Production of Short Vine Type Sweet Potato Variety‘Ganshu No.2’

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different vine cuttings and provide a fast method for production of high-quality sweet potato seedlings.With short vine type‘Ganshu No.2'as an experiment material,biological characteristics of sweet potato seedlings were investigated by setting three vine sections( the ingle-node section,dual-node section and three-node top bud section) using three kinds of substrates( red soil,leaf mould and pond sludge).The results showed that the dual-node vine section plus leaf mould treatment sprouted earliest( 3 d) with the highest survival rate( 86.6%),root number( 9.2 roots) and the longest root length( 5.9 cm),compared with other treatments.Therefore,dual-node vine section plus leaf mould plug seedling raising has the characteristics of short sprouting time,high survival rate and low cost.The method could provide seedlings in a short period( 20 d),improves sweet potato propagation coefficient and is worth extending and applying.

Selection of Optimal Medium for Cultivation of Idesia polycarpa var.vestita Seedlings in the Industrialized Nursery Process

Idesia polycarpa Maxim.var.vestita Diels is an important oil plant with high economic value.In order to improve seed germination and to cultivate high quality seedlings,we set out to identify an optimal medium for its seedling growth in a plastic cave tray(plug seedling).In this study,four different media including M_(1)(soil),M_(2)(peat∶perlite=2∶1),M_3(peat),and M_4(peat∶perlite∶vermiculite=2∶1∶1)were tested in industrialized plug seedlings.The seedling growth of Idesia polycarpa var.vestita including plant height,crown diameter,leaf number,ground diameter,the relative chlorophyll contents of leaves,etc.was measured.The results indicated that the medium M_(2) was the best for increasing seedling height,crown diameter,leaf counts,ground diameter,and the relative chlorophyll contents of leaves.Therefore,medium M_(2) is recommended in the industrialized nursery process for the seedling growth of Idesia polycarpa var.vestita.

菌草穴盘苗取投苗装置设计与试验分析

目前菌草穴盘苗移栽过程中缺乏自动取投苗装置,通过分析取投苗装置的工作原理,建立运动学模型并优化结构参数,研发一种六杆式取投苗装置。根据菌草穴盘苗钵体的抗压力学特性、取投苗装置的基本约束与空间约束,优化分析得到各杆件的结构参数,建立虚拟样机得到仿真轨迹和运动学参数。进一步研制样机,结合高速摄像技术获取取投苗装置的实际运动轨迹,对比两种轨迹的一致程度,验证装置设计的合理性。以取投“绿洲一号”菌草穴盘苗为例,将主动杆转速、送苗装置倾斜角以及钵体含水率作为试验因素,取苗成功率、投苗成功率作为响应指标,开展三因素三水平正交试验。试验结果表明,在主动杆转速为30 r/min、钵体含水率为60%、送苗装置倾斜角为50°时,取投苗的效果最优。重复试验表明,在最优因素水平下,取苗成功率与投苗成功率分别为95.31%和93.4%。

不同配比基质对草莓扦插苗生长的影响

为筛选适合培育草莓扦插苗的基质配方,本研究以草莓品种天使8号为试验材料,通过测定不同配比基质的理化指标及草莓扦插苗的生长指标,分析不同基质对草莓扦插苗生长的影响。结果表明,不同配比基质的总孔隙度、持水孔隙度、通气孔隙度存在差异,并且不同配比基质对草莓扦插苗生长的影响不同。其中椰糠∶草炭∶珍珠岩=4∶1∶1(重量比)为最佳基质配比,该配比基质的容重、总孔隙度、持水孔隙度较高。使用该基质培育的草莓扦插苗的叶柄粗、株高、茎粗、叶柄长、叶长和叶宽较大,地下部鲜重和地下部干重较大,同时草莓扦插苗气孔导度、胞间CO 2浓度、蒸腾速率较高。本研究结果为草莓穴盘扦插育苗的基质配置提供了参考。

茎段和穴盘大小对北方叶用甘薯越冬育苗的影响

为探索北方叶用甘薯越冬穴盘育苗,设置4个茎段大小(4、6、8、10 cm,用D1、D2、D3、D4表示)和5种穴盘规格(32、50、72、105、128孔),搭配14个处理,研究不同搭配对种苗成活率、幼苗长势(茎粗、株高等)和鲜重等指标的影响。结果表明:相同穴盘下,随着茎段增长,幼苗的成活率、叶片数、基部茎粗和株高呈现增加的趋势,进而地上部鲜重和整株鲜重也随之增加,以D4处理最高。相同茎段下,随着穴盘孔数增加,幼苗的叶片数、基部茎粗、株高、地上部鲜重和全株鲜重减少,源于穴盘对地下部的影响,以32孔处理最高。不同茎段和穴盘搭配下,D4-32处理的生长情况最好,3月中旬,对于地上部鲜重而言,D2-72处理(9.79 g)可达到与D4-32处理相同的效果(两者间无显著性差异),其叶片数、基部茎粗和株高等指标满足移栽水平;对于整株鲜重而言,D2-105处理(10.21 g)可达到与D4-32处理相同的效果,且可节省228.1%的育苗面积,参考其重量,1月中旬,D3-72处理下的地上部和整株鲜重接近上述两个处理的水平,可节省125.0%的育苗面积。综合秧苗生长情况与经济效益,3月中旬移栽时,推荐D2-105,即含2个腋芽茎段与105孔穴盘的搭配,如有生产条件在1月中旬移栽,推荐D3-72,即含3个腋芽茎段与72孔穴盘的搭配。

不同植物生长调节剂对浙南番茄穴盘育苗的影响

为筛选出适宜浙南地区番茄壮苗培育的植物生长调节剂,以不同浓度的YELVSU P2-37、多效唑、矮壮素、壮苗1号处理番茄砧木品种浙砧7号和接穗品种红樱1号,研究植物生长调节剂对番茄穴盘育苗的影响。结果表明,不同植物生长调节剂对不同品种番茄的处理效应不同,除对红樱1号茎粗、地下部干重和展叶宽无显著影响外,不同植物生长调节剂对红樱1号和浙砧7号的其他指标都有显著影响。所有生长调节剂对番茄株高都有抑制作用,但对其他指标不同生长调节剂作用不同。对于红樱1号,0.2 g·L^(-1)YELVSU P2-37处理的各生物量指标最高,同时种苗质量也最佳,为该品种壮苗培育的最佳植物生长调节剂;对于浙砧7号,0.13 g·L^(-1)YELVSU P2-37处理植株形态和种苗质量均为最佳,为该品种的推荐植物生长调节剂和适用浓度。

顶钵-夹茎组合式取苗装置设计与试验

针对现有钵苗自动移栽技术中,夹钵式取苗方式受钵体强度及盘根性差异影响易导致钵体破损,降低取苗成功率,夹茎式取苗方式受茎秆强度及钵体与穴盘之间黏附力影响易造成伤苗、钵体不能取出等问题,该研究提出了一种顶钵-夹茎组合取苗方式,并进行了结构设计、装置试制与试验优化。对辣椒穴盘苗茎秆和钵体力学特性进行了测试,得到茎秆拉伸和径向压缩力学特性,及钵体拉拔与压缩力学特性,并建立了顶钵-夹茎组合式取苗装置在顶与夹过程中钵体和茎秆的受力模型,对取苗装置关键参数进行了设计。搭建试验台架,以“中农绿亨线椒363”穴盘苗为对象,以钵体含水率、取苗频率和顶钵高度为影响因素开展正交试验,结果表明经顶钵-夹茎取苗后的穴盘苗生长状态良好,确定最优水平为含水率45%,取苗频率60株/min,顶钵高度10 mm,该条件下钵体破损率为1.98%,取苗成功率为98%。田间试验表明平均取苗成功率为93.05%,株距合格率为88.17%。研究可为辣椒、番茄等旱地作物穴盘苗移栽技术改进优化提供参考。

湿润剂对育苗基质水分吸持和黄瓜穴盘苗生长的影响

基质水分吸持特性直接影响基质含水量和蔬菜穴盘苗生长发育。为了探明湿润剂对穴盘育苗基质水分吸持的作用,研究了湿润剂添加后对不同粒径育苗基质的水分吸收量、蒸散速率和黄瓜穴盘苗生长的影响,结果表明:小粒径基质吸水速率和吸水量显著低于大粒径基质,湿润剂更有利于增加小粒径基质吸水量,相对于大粒径基质增加了17.32百分点;添加湿润剂同时提高了穴盘育苗基质吸水速率和蒸散速率,并使基质在1、2、3次吸水-蒸散过程始终保持较高相对含水量;基质添加湿润剂可有效促进小粒径基质条件下黄瓜穴盘苗生长发育,显著提高了黄瓜幼苗根冠比和成坨率。表明基质添加湿润剂可有效改善小粒径育苗基质水分吸持特性,有利于黄瓜穴盘苗壮苗形成。

基质接种贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对番茄穴盘苗耐旱性的影响

为探究贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)对番茄穴盘苗耐旱性的作用,选用番茄品种中杂302,通过基质接种贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(L-S60、L-H15、LPL^(-1)17),发现在干旱胁迫条件下,与未接种对照相比,番茄穴盘苗株高提高8.95%~13.05%,存活率提高6百分点以上,3株贝莱斯芽孢杆菌之间未存在显著差异;L-S60、L-H15和LPL^(-1)17处理茎叶中Mn和Zn含量增幅分别超过30.94%、7.59%,Ca、Mg含量降幅分别大于9.48%、15.93%;干旱胁迫第3天时,L-S60、L-H15和LPL^(-1)17处理叶片脯氨酸含量分别增加62.86%、78.27%、40.29%,干旱胁迫第8天时,丙二醛含量分别降低2.34%、18.96%、7.94%。表明基质接种贝莱斯芽孢杆菌可以有效提高番茄穴盘苗耐旱性,促进幼苗生长发育。

我国蔬菜穴盘苗自动取苗技术研究现状

目前经济作物的移栽主要依靠人工和半自动移栽机械,现有机具存在造价高、通用性差、作业效率低等问题,难以大规模推广应用,影响了蔬菜产业的健康发展。为此在介绍目前国内自动取苗技术发展状况的基础上,根据单次取苗数量的不同,将取苗装置分为单株取投苗式和整排取投苗式,将单株取投苗装置分为顶出式、夹取式、直落式,将整排取投苗装置分为苗杯回转式、接苗带栅式。通过分析自动取分苗技术存在的主要问题,对自动取分苗技术的发展进行了探讨,以期为我国全自动移栽机进一步发展提供参考。

蔬菜穴盘育苗播种机清种装置的设计与试验

【目的】针对蔬菜穴盘育苗播种机现有清种装置清种效果不好,导致的充种合格率低、重播率高问题,设计集机械式、气吹式、电控式为一体的清种装置。【方法】结合运动学及动力学理论对三级清种装置的结构进行设计;采用Ansys软件中Fluent模块对气吹式清种装置的不同进气口和出气口结构中的气流稳定性进行分析;在理论分析和仿真分析的基础上选取排种器转速、排种器负压、清种装置正压、种子直径为试验因素,结合农艺要求选取单粒充种合格率、重播率为试验指标开展四因素三水平二次回归正交试验。根据试验数据得出最佳参数组合。【结果】由仿真分析得出,中间端进气圆弧式喷嘴气吹式清种结构清种效果最好。由台架试验得到排种最佳参数组合,即在排种器转速为0.17 r/s、种子直径为1.5 mm、排种器负压为0.6 kPa、气吹式清种装置正压为0.3 kPa时,平均单粒充种合格率为95.31%,平均重播率为0.2%。【结论】本文设计的清种装置满足了蔬菜播种农艺要求,可以有效提升充种合格率、降低重播率,为生产实际提供理论指导。

鲜食玉米大棚设施穴盘育苗栽培技术

鲜食玉米大棚设施穴盘育苗栽培技术是一种现代农业生产方式,它结合了环境控制下的农业原理和传统农业的实践。大棚设施内控制的生长环境有利于玉米生长,结合穴盘育苗方法,可优化鲜食玉米的生长条件和效益。同时大棚鲜食玉米提供受控的生长环境,保护玉米免受恶劣天气和病虫害的影响,通过调节温度、湿度和光照等条件,促进玉米快速生长和提高产量。

鲜食玉米大棚穴盘育苗栽培技术

鲜食玉米富含丰富的氨基酸、蛋白质等多种营养元素,深受广大消费者的喜爱。在论述鲜食玉米大棚栽培优势的基础上,分析了鲜食玉米大棚育苗和移栽技术,详细论述了玉米种子处理、育苗穴盘和基质准备、播种技术要求、苗期管理等技术要点,进而阐述了温室育苗环境因素的控制,包括温度、湿度、光照,最后讨论了玉米移栽后的田间管理技术措施及要求。

自动化辣椒穴盘育苗装置

本研究设计了一种自动化辣椒穴盘育苗装置,旨在提高辣椒育苗的效率和精准度。装置通过自动化的填土、压土、播种等操作,并配备多重检测装置和视觉检测装置,实现对育苗全过程的智能化管理。通过智能控制系统,用户可以方便地操作和监测育苗环境参数,提高育苗的效率和质量。本论文详细介绍了装置的结构、工作原理、关键技术,并展示了实验结果和性能评估,讨论了该装置在农业现代化生产中的应用前景。

不同工厂化穴盘育苗条件对茶苗生长影响研究

通过对比试验探究在工厂化育苗条件下,扦插基质、生长调节剂含量、穴盘规格、插穗留叶量、插穗木质化程度对茶树穴盘育苗成活率、新梢长度、茎粗、着叶数的影响。结果表明,在珍珠岩与草炭2∶35混合基质中生长的茶苗成活率、新梢长度、茎粗、着叶数均较高,且成活率、新梢长度均显著高于其他处理。使用ABT1号生长调节剂对插穗进行0.5 h慢浸处理能提高茶树穴盘育苗成活率、茎粗,综合比较,以100 mg/kg处理效果较好。穴盘规格对茶苗新梢长度、茎粗、着叶数影响不大,但对每平方米成活茶苗数影响较大,128穴规格穴盘每平方米成活茶苗数显著高于其他处理。插穗留叶量对茶苗扦插成活率、茎粗、着叶数影响不大,对茶苗新梢长度影响较大,以保留全叶或1/2叶处理效果较好。不同插穗木质化程度对新梢长度影响不大,结合对成活率、茶苗茎粗、着叶数的影响效果,以绿梗或半木质化处理效果较好。

不同立地条件对食叶草智能日光温室穴盘育苗生长发育规律的影响

采用食叶草智能日光温室穴盘育苗的试验方法,分析了食叶草苗期的生长特性及立地条件对苗木生长的影响。结果表明,出苗率平均值为95.14±4.86%;立地条件对食叶草的出苗率、株高、最大叶长和最大叶宽的生长有显著影响,立地条件较好的穴盘,生长较快;食叶草日光温室穴盘育苗的苗高、最大叶长、最大叶宽与育苗时间的拟合发现存在一定的关系,相关性较好;苗高、最大叶长和最大叶宽在育苗初期与立地条件呈极显著的负相关,苗高在育苗的中后期与立地条件相关性不显著,最大叶长和最大叶宽在育苗后期与立地条件相关性不显著。因此,可在育苗的前期和中期交换穴盘位置,确保幼苗长势均匀。

Design and Experimental Research on Seedling Pick-Up Mechanism of Planetary Gear Train with Combined Non-circular Gear Transmission

Currently, transplanting mechanisms for dryland plug seedlings in China are mainly semiautomatic and have low efficiency. The rotary seedling pick-up mechanism with a planetary gear train for non-uniform intermittent transmission, and a concave and convex locking arc device, has a large rigid impact. To solve these problems, according to the design requirements for a dryland plug seedling transplanting mechanism, a rotary seedling pick-up mechanism of a planetary gear train with combined non-circular gear transmission of incomplete eccentric circular and noncircular gears was proposed. This has the characteristics of two-times greater fluctuation of the transmission ratio in a cycle, and can achieve a non-uniform continuous drive. Through analysis of the working principle of the seedling pick-up mechanism, its kinematics model was established. The human–computer interaction optimization method and self-developed computer-aided analysis and optimization software were used to obtain a set of parameters that satisfy the operation requirements of the seedling pick-up mechanism. According to the optimized parameters, the structure of the seedling pick-up mechanism was designed, a virtual prototype of the mechanism was created, and a physical prototype was manufactured. A virtual motion simulation of the mechanism was performed, high-speed photographic kinematics tests were conducted, and the kinematic properties of the physical prototype were investigated, whereby the correctness of the theoretical model and the optimized design of the mechanism were verified. Further, laboratory seedling pick-up tests were conducted. The success ratio of seedling pick-up was 93.8% when the seedling pick-up efficiency of the mechanism was 60 plants per minute per row, indicating that the mechanism has a high efficiency and success ratio for seedling pick-up and can be applied to a dryland plug seedling transplanter.