Deep Language Statistics of Italian throughout Seven Centuries of Literature and Empirical Connections with Miller’s 7 ∓2 Law and Short-Term Memory

Statistics of languages are usually calculated by counting characters, words, sentences, word rankings. Some of these random variables are also the main “ingredients” of classical readability formulae. Revisiting the readability formula of Italian, known as GULPEASE, shows that of the two terms that determine the readability index G—the semantic index , proportional to the number of characters per word, and the syntactic index GF, proportional to the reciprocal of the number of words per sentence—GF is dominant because GC is, in practice, constant for any author throughout seven centuries of Italian Literature. Each author can modulate the length of sentences more freely than he can do with the length of words, and in different ways from author to author. For any author, any couple of text variables can be modelled by a linear relationship y = mx, but with different slope m from author to author, except for the relationship between characters and words, which is unique for all. The most important relationship found in the paper is that between the short-term memory capacity, described by Miller’s “7 ? 2 law” (i.e., the number of “chunks” that an average person can hold in the short-term memory ranges from 5 to 9), and the word interval, a new random variable defined as the average number of words between two successive punctuation marks. The word interval can be converted into a time interval through the average reading speed. The word interval spreads in the same range as Miller’s law, and the time interval is spread in the same range of short-term memory response times. The connection between the word interval (and time interval) and short-term memory appears, at least empirically, justified and natural, however, to be further investigated. Technical and scientific writings (papers, essays, etc.) ask more to their readers because words are on the average longer, the readability index G is lower, word and time intervals are longer. Future work done on ancient languages, such as the classical Greek and Latin Literatures (or modern languages Literatures), could bring us an insight into the short-term memory required to their well-educated ancient readers.

An Analysis of the Law of the Development: From Colonial to Modern American Literature

Although American literature is only a small spray in the long river of history,its rich literary works and literary forms occupy a place in the history of literature.This article attempts to analyze the characteristics of American literature from the colonial period to the modernist period from the perspective of the yin and yang poles and the historical and social background of the United States,further summarizes the inevitable law of its development,and draws the enlightenment for the overall grasp of the history of national literature.

Law and Literature: Exploring the Intersection of Two Fields

This article aims to explore the intersection of law and literature,analyzing their connections and influences.First,the article introduces the definitions and basic characteristics of law and literature,emphasizing their similarities and differences.Then,the article discusses how literary works involve legal issues and how law becomes the subject and background of literary works.In addition,the article studies the interaction between law and literature,exploring the impact of novels on legal practice,and how legal texts are rewritten and interpreted in literary works.Finally,the article summarizes the relationship between law and literature and offers some prospects and reflections.

Literature on the law of Miao medicine in treating liver cancer

Aims:Through the literature review of Miao medicine for liver cancer,this paper discussed the law of Miao medicine for liver cancer.Methods:Using"Zhonghua Bencao Miao medicine"as the source of literature,the search term was prepared to search the related literature of CNKI database and Wanfang database for the treatment of liver cancer in the Miao medicine from May 2018.The qualified drugs were used to conduct statistical analysis on their family genus,medicinal property,medicinal taste,regression and efficacy.Results:A total of 132 flavors of Miao medicine for liver cancer were included,and the high-frequency family was compositae,liliaceae,and rosaceae,accounting for 22.8%.The medicine was mainly cold medicine,accounting for 75.8%.The main taste of medicine was bitter,hot and sweet,accounting for 75.5%.The main parts of longitude are hot longitude and cold longitude,accounting for 90.5%.Drugs are mainly used to cure poison,tonifying body and vent the blood,a total of 80.4%.Conclusions:Miao medical treatment of liver cancer is based on the dialectic of cold and heat,with proper use of tonifying body and vent the blood drugs.

On the “Law and Literature” Campaign in the Chinese Context and Its Significance for the Construction of China's Legal System

"Law and literature " comes from an American radical law school of the1970 s,and it was then considered a campaign,thus the school became one of the most post-modernistic schools of thought. Due to its western theoretic background,it is necessary to interpret its context; in other words,the "Law and literature"problems shall be interpreted in the Chinese context,which can also provide much inspiration and reference for the construction of China's legal system.

The Law and Literature Movement and Victorian Literary-Legal Studies:An Interview with Kieran Dolin

Kieran Dolin is Senior Honorary Research Fellow in English and Literary Studies at the University of Western Australia.He is one of the acclaimed critics of Victorian literary-legal studies and has published widely in this field.During her visit to the University of Western Australia,Wu Sufen conducted an interview with Dolin on such topics as the legal centralism in the Law and Literature movement,the potential of such movement,and Chinese scholars’questions and concerns about this movement,together with the uniqueness of Victorian literary-legal studies.Dolin emphasizes that literature and law are both components of social and cultural practice,so studies on the relations between law and literature can not only reveal social concerns reflected in literary works,but also present the historical development of law and the accordingly shifting narrative patterns that literary works have undergone.

The law of oral traditional Chinese medicine for insomnia based on Chinese medical code

Objective:This study aimed to collect,sort out and excavate the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia in Chinese Medical Code,and to explore the law of internal administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of insomnia.Methods:We used"Chinese Medical Code"as the source of data retrieval,"insomnia","not sleepy","no sleeping"and"eye not sleeping"as the key words,and excluded temporary insomnia,physiological insomnia,insomnia caused by other diseases,and excluded other methods such as acupuncture and massage,the medical cases.Prescriptions of insomnia treated with traditional Chinese medicine were screened out.The database was established by using Microsoft excel 2010.Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the frequency,menstruation of nature,taste and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine.We analyzed the association rules between drugs and mined the rules of prescriptions by the Apriori algorithm in SPSS Modeler 14.1.Results:A total of 147 prescriptions,138 traditional Chinese medicines,20 pairs of core drugs,57 common drug combinations and 3 core pharmaceuticals were included.The basic prescription is:Suan Zao Ren,Bai Zi Ren,Fu Shen,Fu Ling,Yuan Zhi,Dang Gui,Gan Cao(Zhi).Conclusion:In summary,according to the drug analysis above,the main disease of insomnia is in the heart,involving the liver,spleen and kidney.Because it involves different viscera and syndrome,the methods of treatment are also different.However,there is a basic pathogenesis,that’s the loss of mental nourishment.By excavating the law of the use of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of insomnia on the Chinese Medical Code,we expect that it can guide the treatment of insomnia.

Based on the Chinese medical canon to excavate the medicine law of yellowish leucorrhea disease

Background:In order to collect and analyze the literature on yellowish leucorrhea disease in Chinese Medical Canon,and to explore its treatment and medication law with data mining.Methods:The Chinese Medical Canon was used as the data retrieval source,and“Huangdai”(yellowish leucorrhea disease)and and other keywords were used as the keywords to do literature search.After excluding“gestational yellowish leucorrhea”,“jaundice and yellowish leucorrhea”and other diseases,the literature retrieval and data sorting and analysis were carried out,and the database was established by using Microsoft Excel 2010.Descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the nature,flavour,channel tropism and efficacy of medicine.Combined with the method in“the Research Platform for Inheritance of Traditional Chinese Medicine Academic Thoughts of Famous Gynecologists of Traditional Chinese Medicine”,the association rules between drugs were analyzed and their rules were excavated.Results:Eighty-seven prescriptions,152 traditional Chinese medicines,20 core drug pairs,39 common drug combinations and 5 core drug groups were collected and included.Conclusion:“Damp-Heat”is the fundamental pathological product of yellowish leucorrhea disease,and the basic treatments are“Releasing Heat”and“Eliminating Dampness”,“Regulating Liver Qi”and“Promoting Blood Circulation”,and“strengthening spleen”and stopping leucorrhea.

超越范式之争——文史哲法学的前提、立场与展望

文史哲是中国文化鲜明的标志性特征。笔者尝试提出的文史哲法学,既是立足于中国传统与实践,又是面向世界的具有普遍性样态的法学范式,理应成为建构中国自主知识体系和话语体系的法学目标。有别于教义法学和社科法学的研究旨趣,文史哲法学是一种全新视角的法学研究范式,它倡导厚植于中国的文史哲传统。其中,文学是法学素材的来源,史学是法学精神的见证,哲学则是法学价值的终极追求。文史哲法学旨在沟通中国历史传统与当下实践,侧重将文史哲作为工具和视角来研究人文与法学的互动关系,将人文价值和生活实践统一于法学研究场域之内,在保持统一性的前提下追求普遍性与实践性向度。中华法治文明在保持其独立个性、赋能文化自信的同时,也能为纾解人类的法律工具主义困境提供中国方案,促使法学脱离封闭的教条式思维模式与理论的窠臼,进而更好地为中国法学的本土化发展奠定坚实基础。

罗马法复兴与近代欧洲的自由主义传统

自由主义是一个近现代的概念,但也有古代渊源。古代罗马的法律观、人性观、政治观中都具有近代自由主义的元素,这些古老的思想通过罗马法的复兴运动重新回到了中世纪,给社会带来了深刻的变革。16—18世纪罗马法复兴的新浪潮更是直接促进了古典自由主义的诞生。17世纪以来,古典自由主义学者基于前述研究成果论述了自由主义的人性观、财产观与法治观,构建了西方的自由主义传统。回顾自由主义的发展历史,可以发现罗马法的复兴既是自由主义连续发展的关键,也给予了自由主义新风格。它不仅是学术上的复古运动,同时也对西方社会变革产生了深远的影响。

“大众化”与苏区文艺的经验价值

发生于江西中央苏区的“文艺大众化”运动,是中国现代革命运动的重要组成部分,它不仅极大地丰富了苏区军民的业余文化生活,宣传了中国共产党关于土地革命战争的思想主张,同时还为延安文艺和解放区文艺提供了宝贵的经验价值。这种经验价值具体表现为:以识字扫盲运动为前导,尽可能提升工农大众的文化水准,进而为“文艺大众化”运动打下了一个良好的基础;以“红色山歌”“图画讲演”及“活报剧”为表现形式,将革命宣传与群众娱乐融为一体,开辟了一条“文艺大众化”运动的有效途径;以“工农剧社”为孵化器,培养苏区自己的艺术人才,在一定程度上提高了“文艺大众化”的艺术品味。总而言之,苏区“文艺大众化”运动的经验价值,就是追求“娱乐性”与“革命性”的完美统一,并在中国现代革命的具体实践中,创造了“人民文艺”的早期形态。

五四时期白话与文言关系论

汉语构成在中国古代是白话与文言并存,文言是主体,白话是补充。五四新文化运动提倡白话,但并不否定文言文,“废除”的不是文言文,而是文言文的主体地位,无论是在理论上,还是在实践上,文言文在当时都不可能被禁止和弃用,也不应该被禁止和弃用。文言与白话在五四时期经历了巨大的地位变化:白话文最初是争合法地位,后来是争主体地位,维持主体地位;文言文最初是保主体地位,后来是争合法地位,保应用上的“一席之地”。五四时期语言“保守派”从来不否认白话文,他们只是反对用白话文取代文言文,“激进派”从来不否定文言文,他们只是提倡在白话文的基础上建立新的“国语”,他们反对的是文言文的汉语主体地位。无论在过去,还是现在,白话与文言都不是互相排斥、“你死我活”的关系,而是主次分明、相辅相成、并存竞争关系。

船用机器人爬壁平台研究进展

船舶爬壁机器人与陆地机器人的不同之处在于其兼具移动和吸附功能,能够于倾斜的船舶壁面上完成爬壁运动,通过配备除锈、清洗、焊接所需的高压水枪、焊枪、图像识别等装置完成对应作业任务,每种作业任务需要的运动机械结构和运行方式也有不同。通过介绍近年来设计制造的爬壁机器人及其爬壁平台,按照其吸附原理和运动特点将其分为磁吸附、负压吸附和仿生类等爬壁平台设计方法,介绍了各类爬壁平台的机械结构设计、运动性能和适用范围,期望能够为未来船用机器人的设计制造和技术发展提供灵感。

库区浮泥层纵向流速垂线分布特性研究

水库浮泥是存在于水库底部的一层高含沙水体,流动性较强,直接影响水库淤积形态和水库排沙,研究其运动规律对水库减淤优化调度具有重要意义。根据三峡库区实测泥沙矿物组成和级配资料,配置沙样进行流变试验,以幂律流变模型描述浮泥的本构关系。构建了浮泥运动的速度分布理论模型,通过水槽试验对模型进行了验证,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。结果表明,浮泥运动速度随浮泥厚度、上层水流流速、床面坡度增大而增大,随浮泥密度增大而减少。沿水深方向浮泥纵向流速分布始终呈抛物线型,表层的浮泥流速要远大于底层浮泥,浮泥纵向流速沿垂向方向不断减少,最底部的浮泥几乎处于静止状态。

典章制度文献:我国古代音乐历史演变的丰盈载体--中国音乐史学问题思索之九

在我国古代社会,典章中的礼乐制度分“礼”和“乐”两部分。礼,主要对人的身份进行划分和社会规范,最终形成等级制度;乐,是基于礼的等级制度,运用音乐进行缓解社会矛盾。由于历代统治者对“礼乐”的推崇,在我国悠久的历史中,留存了大量的、具有音乐信息或与音乐有关典章制度的文献。文章论及与中国古代音乐史研究有关的历代礼制文献中的“礼乐”文献、典章制度中的音乐文献、会要类书等著作中有关的礼乐文献。这些文献呈现出广博浩繁的史料特征,对探索古代音乐历史事件产生、延展到衰亡的真谛,起到决定性的作用。

有载分接开关绝缘油中金属颗粒运动规律及其对介电性能的影响

高压有载分接开关油室金属微粒放电引发的缺陷超一半以上严重影响长期运行可靠性。研究了有载分接开关断开过程中绝缘油中金属颗粒的运动规律及其对绝缘油介电性能的影响,可为有载分接开关绝缘状态诊断和油隙绝缘裕度设计提供理论基础。首先分别给出了流体场、金属颗粒动力学以及电场的理论分析,并阐述了三者的耦合关系;同时建立有载分接开关触头二维简化仿真模型,得到了流体场中涡流的分布、金属颗粒的运动规律以及带电金属颗粒的运动轨迹;仿真结果表明开关运动过程中,开关间隙中心处颗粒浓度最高,且会形成“小桥”。通过混合物的介电常数和电导率模型计算了金属颗粒浓度分布变化对绝缘油介电性能的影响,提出了按浓度分区计算再并联的方法,提高了介电参数计算的准确性。

汉代盘鼓舞中的身体观探赜

盘鼓舞是我国汉代舞蹈中的一种类型,此舞不仅以高超的舞技流传千古,更以意蕴深长的表演境界震撼人心。汉代盘鼓舞精湛的舞蹈技艺背后,体现着我国传统道教所倡导的身体观。本文通过对汉代盘鼓舞动作技术以及表演的分析,窥探其中体现的身体技艺观。提出要练就此舞,舞人需要修炼“气炁技术”“反胴动律”的身体技术,从而达到“形神相守”的表演。

我国开采沉陷学70年研究综述及技术展望

从覆岩破坏规律、地表移动变形规律,以及技术标准和学术专著等方面,回顾了开采沉陷学科的发展历程和取得的重要研究成果。在覆岩破坏规律方面,我国学者提出了岩体响应采动理论、关键层理论等,并总结归纳了裂隙带的形态特征和发育高度;在地表移动变形规律方面,我国学者提出了负指数函数法、概率积分法等计算方法,尤其是概率积分法广泛应用于地表沉陷预计;在技术标准和学术专著方面,我国开展了较为系统的建设工作,几经系统修订并实施,并出版了一系列学术专著。本文归纳总结了目前开采沉陷学研究中存在的难点问题,包括围岩介质属性、概率积分法局限性、综采(综放)“两带”高度和形态、地表残余移动变形特征与规律、动态地表移动变形特征和计算方法、地表观测站观测频率、相关规程对同一事项的技术要求不一致的问题。提出了学科今后研究工作的发展方向及建议,包括以覆岩运动全过程可视化为主要手段揭示开采沉陷的本质机理、以空间信息技术为主要手段完成数据的采集与处理。研究认为,只有认识到“采场矿压-岩层移动-开采沉陷”是一个有机统一的整体,才能准确地理解和描述开采沉陷。在不断继续补充完善已有研究成果的同时,有必要以新理论和新思想审视开采沉陷学,以新技术和新方法研究开采沉陷学,不断推动学科的深入发展。

基于数据挖掘的针刺治疗紧张性头痛取穴规律分析

目的通过数据挖掘技术分析针刺紧张性头痛的取穴规律,为临床治疗提供参考。方法计算机检索中国知识资源总库(CNKI)、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台(VIP)、中国学术期刊数据库(万方数据)收录的自建库起至2023年3月31日有关针刺治疗紧张性头痛的临床文献。共检索到783篇文献,经过筛选最终纳入符合纳排标准文献90篇。采用Excel表格建立数据库,统计并分析符合纳排标准文献的腧穴选取频次、归经、所属部位、特定穴位等方面的应用规律。运用SPSS 25.0软件对出现频次≥16的腧穴进行聚类分析及因子分析,并绘制树状图、冰状图及旋转空间载荷图。结果针刺治疗紧张性头痛的临床应用中风池为最高频腧穴,紧随其后的是百会、太阳、头维等腧穴;腧穴归经主要是督脉、足少阳胆经、足阳明胃经;所属部位应用最多的为头面部,其次为下肢、上肢;特定穴以原穴最为常用,之后是输穴与络穴。聚类分析得到3类腧穴配伍关联聚类处方,足三里、丰隆、三阴交、太冲为一类;印堂、神门为一类;风池、太阳、头维、百会、合谷、四神聪、率谷为一类。因子分析共提取5个腧穴配伍单元公因子。分别为F1(丰隆、三阴交、太冲、足三里)、F2(风池、头维、百会)、F3(四神聪、率谷)、F4(印堂、神门)、F5(合谷、太阳)。结论针刺治疗紧张性头痛取穴以近部取穴为主,主要是百会、太阳、头维等穴位,同时重视循经取穴、远端取穴与特定穴的使用,常配合辨经、辨证理念治疗。通过数据挖掘针刺治疗紧张性头痛取穴规律,为其临床应用及基础研究提供参考。

近距离煤层重复采动覆岩破坏规律及“两带”发育高度分析

为研究近距离煤层重复采动下覆岩破坏规律与“两带”发育高度,预防工作面开采过程中由导水漏风通道引起的工作面顶板漏水、采空区自燃等各种安全事故,以鄂尔多斯市某煤矿为工程背景,采用井下窥视法和数值模拟对近距离煤层开采后覆岩破坏规律以及“两带”发育高度进行分析,揭示了规律形成的原因。研究结果表明:在近距离煤层重复采动影响下,“两带”发育高度远超过上煤层开采,下煤层推进80 m时裂隙带最大发育高度为88 m,与地表贯通形成导水漏风通道;初次采动与重复采动时的裂采比分别为19.33、29.33;裂隙带的发育呈台阶式上升,阶段间的变化表现为激跳形式;覆岩的破坏表现为“拱形→帽形→马鞍形→外O内蝶形”;数值模拟及拟合公式所预测的“两带”发育高度与实测值之间误差率为1%左右,验证了预测的准确性,可为相似工作面的开采以及相似工程提供借鉴。