SRv6 Policy业务可靠性方案探讨

介绍了SRv6 Policy、SBFD技术及5G承载网络SRv6 Policy业务可靠性方案。针对SBFD误触发问题,提出了在被动端生成BSID、部署引流策略及设置不同检测周期等3种完善措施,这些措施不仅提高了业务的可靠性,还显著提升了网络服务能力.

Understanding and addressing the challenges of online gambling addiction in China's Mainland

Introduction Gambling in China has a long and evolving history,from ancient court cockfighting to preliberation casinos with games like baccarat.1 Over time,gambling in China has evolved to include a wide range of activities,including gaming machines,online gambling and commercial gambling.Despite being declared illegal and regulated after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China,gambling remains deeply ingrained in Chinese culture.

Policy Gradient Adaptive Dynamic Programming for Model-Free Multi-Objective Optimal Control

Dear Editor,In this letter,the multi-objective optimal control problem of nonlinear discrete-time systems is investigated.A data-driven policy gradient algorithm is proposed in which the action-state value function is used to evaluate the policy.In the policy improvement process,the policy gradient based method is employed.

Structural similarity of lithospheric velocity models of Chinese mainland

Existing lithospheric velocity models exhibit similar structures typically associated with the first-order tectonic features,with dissimilarities due to different data and methods used in model generation.The quantification of model structural similarity can help in interpreting the geophysical properties of Earth's interior and establishing unified models crucial in natural hazard assessment and resource exploration.Here we employ the complex wavelet structural similarity index measure(CW-SSIM)active in computer image processing to analyze the structural similarity of four lithospheric velocity models of Chinese mainland published in the past decade.We take advantage of this method in its multiscale definition and insensitivity to slight geometrical distortion like translation and scaling,which is particularly crucial in the structural similarity analysis of velocity models accounting for uncertainty and resolution.Our results show that the CW-SSIM values vary in different model pairs,horizontal locations,and depths.While variations in the inter-model CW-SSIM are partly owing to different databases in the model generation,the difference of tomography methods may significantly impact the similar structural features of models,such as the low similarities between the full-wave based FWEA18 and other three models in northeastern China.We finally suggest potential solutions for the next generation of tomographic modeling in different areas according to corresponding structural similarities of existing models.

Impacts of artificial dams on terrestrial water storage changes and the Earth's elastic load response during 1950-2016: A case study of medium and large reservoirs in Chinese mainland

The construction of dams for intercepting and storing water has altered surface water distributions, landsea water exchanges, and the load response of the solid Earth. The lack of accurate estimation of reservoir properties through the land surface and hydrological models can lead to water storage simulation and extraction errors. This impact is particularly evident in many artificial reservoirs in China. The study aims to comprehensively assess the spatiotemporal distribution and trends of water storage in medium and large reservoirs(MLRs) in Chinese mainland during 1950-2016, and to investigate the gravity,displacement, and strain effects induced by the reservoir mass concentration using the load elasticity theory. In addition, the impoundment contributions of MLRs to the relative sea level changes were assessed using a sea-level equation. The results show impoundment increases in the MLRs during1950-2016, particularly in the Yangtze River(Changjiang) and southern basins, causing significant elastic load effects in the surrounding areas of the reservoirs and increasing the relative sea level in China's offshore. However, long-term groundwater estimation trends are overestimated and underestimated in the Yangtze River and southwestern basins, respectively, due to the neglect of the MLRs impacts or the uncertainty of the hydrological model's output(e.g., soil moisture, etc.). The construction of MLRs may reduce the water mass input from land to the ocean, thus slowing global sea level rise. The results of the impact of human activities on the regional water cycle provide important references and data support for improving the integration of hydrological models, evaluating Earth's viscoelastic responses under longterm reservoir storage, enhancing in-situ and satellite geodetic measurements, and identifying the main factors driving sea level changes.

Research on Policy Diffusion Path and Reproduction of River Chief System

The River Chief System (RCS) has evolved from local innovative practices to a national water governance strategy to address the current challenges in China’s water environmental management. In contrast to existing research that focuses on the strengths, weaknesses, and improvements of RCS, this study uses literature study to reveal the dynamic evolution of RCS through three phases, with RCS spreading from developed coastal areas to central and western inland regions. RCS’s diffusion path involves vertical diffusion between central and local levels and horizontal diffusion among local governments. Moreover, RCS has also achieved conceptual spillover, gradually expanding into other governance domains, such as the Lake Chief System, the Field Chief System, the Forestry Chief System, and the integration of multiple chief roles. However, it is essential to scrutinize the phenomenon of applying similar governance mechanisms to different areas, as it may result in challenges such as overburdening local governments, insufficient public participation, oversimplification of differences in natural resource endowments, and limited applicability. This study also provides suggestions on how to address these challenges. The study contributes theoretical insights and policy implications, providing a foundation for practical policy innovation.

Inactivated H9N2 vaccines developed with early strains do not protect against recent H9N2 viruses:Call for a change in H9N2 control policy

H9N2 virus has been widely distributed in wild birds and poultry around the world since its first emergence in the United States of America in 1966(Gu et al.2017;Carnaccini and Perez 2020).The virus appeared in chickens in China in the early 1990s,and over the last two decades has gradually become the dominant epidemic subtype(Sun and Liu 2015;Bi et al.2020).Although H9N2 virus infection alone cannot cause severe disease or death in poultry,H9N2 virus-infected birds experience a degree of egg production drop and can be easily infected by other pathogens,thus causing economic losses for poultry industry.

Towards fast focal mechanism inversion of shallow crustal earthquakes in the Chinese mainland

We have developed an automatic regional focal mechanism inversion system based on the Earthquake Rapid Report(ERR) system and the real-time three-component seismic waveform stream of 1 000 broadband seismic stations provided by the China Earthquake Networks Center(CENC). The system can rapidly provide a double couple solution and centroid depth within 5–15 min after receiving earthquake information from the ERR system.The data processing is triggered by earthquake information obtained from the ERR system. The system is capable of determining the focal mechanism of all shallow-depth earthquakes in the Chinese mainland with a magnitude of 5.5–6.5. It utilizes waveform data recorded by seismic stations located within 500 km from the epicenter,enabling the reporting of a focal mechanism solution within 5–15 min of an earthquake occurrence. Additionally,the system can assign a corresponding grade(A B C) to the focal mechanism solution. We processed a total of 301earthquakes that occurred from 2021 to June 2022, and after the quality control, 166 of them were selected.These selected solutions were manually checked, and 160 of them were compiled in a focal mechanism catalog.This catalog can be conveniently downloaded online via the Internet. The automatic focal mechanism solution of earthquakes in eastern China exhibits a good agreement with that provided by the Global Centroid Moment Tensor(GCMT), when available. The average Kagan angle between this catalog and GCMT is 22°, and the average difference in MWis 0.17. Furthermore, compared with GCMT, the minimum magnitude of our catalog has been reduced from approximately 5.0 to 4.0. The correlation between the centroid depth and crustal thickness in the Chinese mainland confirms the distribution of the centroid depth.

Automatic Generation of Attribute-Based Access Control Policies from Natural Language Documents

In response to the challenges of generating Attribute-Based Access Control(ABAC)policies,this paper proposes a deep learning-based method to automatically generate ABAC policies from natural language documents.This method is aimed at organizations such as companies and schools that are transitioning from traditional access control models to the ABAC model.The manual retrieval and analysis involved in this transition are inefficient,prone to errors,and costly.Most organizations have high-level specifications defined for security policies that include a set of access control policies,which often exist in the form of natural language documents.Utilizing this rich source of information,our method effectively identifies and extracts the necessary attributes and rules for access control from natural language documents,thereby constructing and optimizing access control policies.This work transforms the problem of policy automation generation into two tasks:extraction of access control statements andmining of access control attributes.First,the Chat General Language Model(ChatGLM)isemployed to extract access control-related statements from a wide range of natural language documents by constructing unique prompts and leveraging the model’s In-Context Learning to contextualize the statements.Then,the Iterated Dilated-Convolutions-Conditional Random Field(ID-CNN-CRF)model is used to annotate access control attributes within these extracted statements,including subject attributes,object attributes,and action attributes,thus reassembling new access control policies.Experimental results show that our method,compared to baseline methods,achieved the highest F1 score of 0.961,confirming the model’s effectiveness and accuracy.

A quantitative study of disruptive technology policy texts:An example of China’s artificial intelligence policy

Purpose:The transformative impact of disruptive technologies on the restructuring of the times has attracted widespread global attention.This study aims to analyze the characteristics and shortcomings of China’s artificial intelligence(AI)disruptive technology policy,and to put forward suggestions for optimizing China’s AI disruptive technology policy.Design/methodology/approach:Develop a three-dimensional analytical framework for“policy tools-policy actors-policy themes”and apply policy tools,social network analysis,and LDA topic model to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the utilization of policy tools,cooperative relationships among policy actors,and the trends in policy theme settings within China’s innovative AI technology policy.Findings:We find that the collaborative relationship among the policy actors of AI disruptive technology in China is insufficiently close.Marginal subjects exhibit low participation in the cooperation network and overly rely on central subjects,forming a“center-periphery”network structure.Policy tool usage is predominantly focused on supply and environmental types,with a severe inadequacy in demand-side policy tool utilization.Policy themes are diverse,encompassing topics such as“Intelligent Services”“Talent Cultivation”“Information Security”and“Technological Innovation”,which will remain focal points.Under the themes of“Intelligent Services”and“Intelligent Governance”,policy tool usage is relatively balanced,with close collaboration among policy entities.However,the theme of“AI Theoretical System”lacks a comprehensive understanding of tool usage and necessitates enhanced cooperation with other policy entities.Research limitations:The data sources and experimental scope are subject to certain limitations,potentially introducing biases and imperfections into the research results,necessitating further validation and refinement.Practical implications:The study introduces a three-dimensional analysis framework for disruptive technology policy texts,which is significant for formulating and enhancing disruptive technology policies.Originality/value:This study utilizes text mining and content analysis techniques to quantitatively analyze disruptive technology policy texts.It systematically evaluates China’s AI policies quantitatively,focusing on policy tools,policy actors,policy themes.The study uncovers the characteristics and deficiencies of current AI policies,offering recommendations for formulating and enhancing disruptive technology policies.

Mapping Climate Services for Disaster Risk Management: A Systematic Review and Research Gaps from a Policy Process Perspective

Climate services (CS) are crucial for mitigating and managing the impacts and risks associated with climate-induced disasters. While evidence over the past decade underscores their effectiveness across various domains, particularly agriculture, to maximize their potential, it is crucial to identify emerging priority areas and existing research gaps for future research agendas. As a contribution to this effort, this paper employs the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to review the state-of-the-art in the field of climate services for disaster risk management. A comprehensive search across five literature databases combined with a snowball search method using ResearchRabbit was conducted and yielded 242 peer-reviewed articles, book sections, and reports over 2013-2023 after the screening process. The analysis revealed flood, drought, and food insecurity as major climate-related disasters addressed in the reviewed literature. Major climate services addressed included early warning systems, (sub)seasonal forecasts and impact-based warnings. Grounded in the policy processes’ theoretical perspective, the main focus identified and discussed three prevailing policy-oriented priority areas: 1) development of climate services, 2) use-adoption-uptake, and 3) evaluation of climate services. In response to the limitations of the prevalent supply-driven and top-down approach to climate services promotion, co-production emerges as a cross-cutting critical aspect of the identified priority areas. Despite the extensive research in the field, more attention is needed, particularly pronounced in the science-policy interface perspective, which in practice bridges scientific knowledge and policy decisions for effective policy processes. This perspective offers a valuable analytical lens as an entry point for further investigation. Hence, future research agendas would generate insightful evidence by scrutinizing this critical aspect given its importance to institutions and climate services capacity, to better understand intricate facets of the development and the integration of climate services into disaster risk management.

Geographical Distribution of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition in China and Its Response to Emission Control Policy

Atmospheric nitrogen(N)deposition has experienced significant change because of anthropogenic emissions,thereby exert-ing a pronounced impact on global ecosystem services.With the rapid development of industry and agriculture and the swift expansion of urban areas in China since the 1980s,reactive nitrogen(Nr)emissions and N deposition have substantially increased.In pursuit of im-proving air quality,China has implemented a series of environmental protection policies and undertaken diverse measures to reduce pol-lutant emissions.This paper is a review of multivariate data sources of atmospheric N deposition based on the results of literature from 1980 to 2023,and the original data from 1980 to 2020 are summarized,counted and calculated.The main findings are as follows:1)the annual average atmospheric N deposition ranged from approximately 20-40 kg/(ha·yr),with the variability primarily linked to different assessment methods;2)regional disparities were evident in the spatial distribution of N deposition,with elevated values concentrated in areas with intense Nr emissions;3)atmospheric N deposition significantly declined after 2010,particularly the deposition of oxidized N,while reduced N deposition remained stable.These results reflect the effects of China's serious control policies on nitrogen oxide(NO.)emissions and strengthen the importance of agricultural NH3 emission mitigation.This study contributes to a comprehensive understand-ing of the N dynamics in the emission-deposition process,and provides a scientific foundation for the research of environmental protec-tion,climate change,and sustainable development.

The Adjustment of NATO’s Space Policy and Its Implications

Under the US leadership,NATO has been adjusting its space policy and strengthening its space deterrence capabilities to address the so-called“threat”from China and Russia.While the deterrent effect of NATO’s space policy remains to be seen,the various measures taken to implement the policy will have a considerable impact on the global space landscape,accelerating the weaponization of space and making it more difficult to prevent an arms race in space and govern space security.

A Comparative Study of the L2 Pragmatic Competence of University Students in Hong Kong and the Chinese Mainland:The Contributions of Sociocultural Context and Linguistic Proficiency

This study investigates the differences in pragmatic competence between Hong Kong and Chinese mainland university students.Participants included 19 native speakers of English,115 Chinese mainland students,divided into those who had spent time abroad in an English-speaking country(CM A)and those who had not(CM NA),and 97 Hong Kong students,divided into those from an English-medium secondary school(Hong Kong EMI)and those from a Chinese-medium school(Hong Kong CMI).Linguistic proficiency was measured by a C-test,and pragmatic competence by a Metapragmatic Knowledge Test,an Irony Test and a Monologic Role Play.Group scores were compared using ANCOVAs to control for differences in proficiency.The results point to a continuum of pragmatic competence—EMI>CMI>CM A>CM NA—reflecting the groups’access to English in real-life contexts.The differences between the Hong Kong groups and the Chinese mainland groups were clearest in those tests measuring processing capacity(i.e.,Irony Response Time and the Monologic Role Play).CM A,but not CM NA,performed as well as the Hong Kong groups on measures of metapragmatic awareness.The results are discussed in terms of Bialystok’s(1993)distinction between analyzed representation and control of processing.

Perception Enhanced Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient for Autonomous Driving in Complex Scenarios

Autonomous driving has witnessed rapid advancement;however,ensuring safe and efficient driving in intricate scenarios remains a critical challenge.In particular,traffic roundabouts bring a set of challenges to autonomous driving due to the unpredictable entry and exit of vehicles,susceptibility to traffic flow bottlenecks,and imperfect data in perceiving environmental information,rendering them a vital issue in the practical application of autonomous driving.To address the traffic challenges,this work focused on complex roundabouts with multi-lane and proposed a Perception EnhancedDeepDeterministic Policy Gradient(PE-DDPG)for AutonomousDriving in the Roundabouts.Specifically,themodel incorporates an enhanced variational autoencoder featuring an integrated spatial attention mechanism alongside the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient framework,enhancing the vehicle’s capability to comprehend complex roundabout environments and make decisions.Furthermore,the PE-DDPG model combines a dynamic path optimization strategy for roundabout scenarios,effectively mitigating traffic bottlenecks and augmenting throughput efficiency.Extensive experiments were conducted with the collaborative simulation platform of CARLA and SUMO,and the experimental results show that the proposed PE-DDPG outperforms the baseline methods in terms of the convergence capacity of the training process,the smoothness of driving and the traffic efficiency with diverse traffic flow patterns and penetration rates of autonomous vehicles(AVs).Generally,the proposed PE-DDPGmodel could be employed for autonomous driving in complex scenarios with imperfect data.

Tracking direct and indirect impact on technology and policy of transformative research via ego citation network

Purpose:The disseminating of academic knowledge to nonacademic audiences partly relies on the transition of subsequent citing papers.This study aims to investigate direct and indirect impact on technology and policy originating from transformative research based on ego citation network.Design/methodology/approach:Key Nobel Prize-winning publications(NPs)in fields of gene engineering and astrophysics are regarded as a proxy for transformative research.In this contribution,we introduce a network-structural indicator of citing patents to measure technological impact of a target article and use policy citations as a preliminary tool for policy impact.Findings:The results show that the impact on technology and policy of NPs are higher than that of their subsequent citation generations in gene engineering but not in astrophysics.Research limitations:The selection of Nobel Prizes is not balanced and the database used in this study,Dimensions,suffers from incompleteness and inaccuracy of citation links.Practical implications:Our findings provide useful clues to better understand the characteristics of transformative research in technological and policy impact.Originality/value:This study proposes a new framework to explore the direct and indirect impact on technology and policy originating from transformative research.

China’s Proactive Fiscal Policy

In contrast to the traditional Western approach to macro-fiscal management,China’s proactive fiscal policy is founded on a people-centered development philosophy and,with distinctive Chinese characteristics,is a significant policy innovation of macroeconomic management in the Chinese modernization.Although there are notable distinctions between the Western“Keynesian”and the“nonKeynesian”schools of thought,both of these approaches’core policy goals and methodological roots are the same,composing the traditional Western macro-fiscal approach.This approach faces increasing real dilemmas.China’s proactive fiscal policy,however,places greater emphasis on future potential growth rates in addition to equilibrium between supply and demand,achieving a fiscal policy transformation with a new approach.In this paper we argue that with such a new approach,China should reconsider the nature and reasonable level of the fiscal deficit,the function and risk assessment criteria of government debt,the scope and effects of reductions in taxes and fees,its approach and focus of demand management,and the costs and resulting efficiencies of policies in order to develop a new fiscal policy paradigm that is more in line with its stated goals.

Review of China's Energy Policy in 2023

In 2023,China's energy policy primarily focused on deepening systemic and institutional reforms,enhancing energy security capabilities,strengthening energy conservation and carbon reduction,and improving the standard system.It has laid the foundation for China's policy direction,which is predicated on ensuring energy security,centered on economic construction,and aimed at achieving the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals on schedule.In the current key tasks,China has accelerated the construction of a big unified electricity market,vigorously promoted upgrading industries for low-carbon,high-end,and intelligent development,and established carbon markets and standard systems aligned with international practices,achieving substantial progress.

HELLO ASEAN Visa-free policy sparks surge of Chinese tourists to Southeast Asia

As of March 1,Malaysia,Singapore,and Thailand have all implemented visa-free entry policy for Chinese citizens,allowing stays of up to 30 days.The three Southeast Asian countries have been popular destinations for Chinese outbound tourists since the late 1980s and early 1990s.The implementation of the visa-free entry policy is expected to attract more Chinese tourists,especially young people,to travel to Southeast Asia and boost the recovery of the tourism industry in the region.

COMRADES FOREVER--To Lam’s visit demonstrates that China remains Vietnam’s top foreign policy priority

On August 20,2024,General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam(CPV)Central Committee and Vietnamese President To Lam concluded his state visit to China.China was the destination for Lam's first overseas visit after taking office as general secretary of the CPV Central Committee,which clearly demonstrates that the heads of both countries attach importance to developing the bilateral relations and that Vietnam regards China as the strategic choice and top priority for its foreign policy.