William Shakespeare is the most well-known playwright in the world.The Merchant of Venice is one of the four great comedies by William Shakespeare.It is set during the Elizabethan period with rapid economic developmen...William Shakespeare is the most well-known playwright in the world.The Merchant of Venice is one of the four great comedies by William Shakespeare.It is set during the Elizabethan period with rapid economic development and wide spread Renaissance humanism.Kindness and love are the main themes of the play.Against the backdrop of the spirit of humanism,the female characters in the play have preliminary feminist spirit and subject consciousness though there are some limitations.This article analyzes the feminist spirit in the play and women’s progress on their road of liberation.It suggests that while reflecting the initial emancipation of women in the West in the 16th century,the play also reveals the reality of the enormous social barriers on the road of women’s emancipation.The emancipation of women is an enduring topic in the development of society and a goal that people all over the world are still striving for.展开更多
The ending(Act V) of The Merchant of Venice makes this play a great comedy because it skillfully represents the unity of the organic whole which is highly emphasized by Aristotle. As a text to be read, the ending of t...The ending(Act V) of The Merchant of Venice makes this play a great comedy because it skillfully represents the unity of the organic whole which is highly emphasized by Aristotle. As a text to be read, the ending of this play has reached organic unity concerning plot structure. As a play to be performed, the ending is an organic whole when it comes to dramatic effects.The unity of comic spirit in the ending attributes to the everlasting beauty of this play.展开更多
Compared with the other characters in The Merchant of Venice,Shylock seems to be totally an outsider and alien of Venice which is because he is considered to be the“Other”in the eyes of the other Venetians as a resu...Compared with the other characters in The Merchant of Venice,Shylock seems to be totally an outsider and alien of Venice which is because he is considered to be the“Other”in the eyes of the other Venetians as a result of his identity a Jew as well as his occupation as a usurer,both of which are despised and degraded at the Elizabethan times.展开更多
William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice(1600)is controversial as a result of its negative depiction of the Jewish figure Shylock.In translating this literary work into Chinese,the translator is quite possibly in...William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice(1600)is controversial as a result of its negative depiction of the Jewish figure Shylock.In translating this literary work into Chinese,the translator is quite possibly involved in reconstructing the image of Jews,as Shylock being the representative in The Merchant of Venice,consciously,or unconsciously.In this paper,the translation of The Merchant of Venice by Shiqiu Liang(2001)is selected to find out how the image of Jews is conveyed to the Chinese readers.Due to the translator’s translation principle of being loyal to the original text,the content in the original text is transferred to the target readers without manipulation.However,the translation work was conducted with a particular social background which is believed to have influenced the translator’s interpretation of the original text.Accompanied the selected translation is a paratext,in which the translator expresses his own opinion on both the playwright and the Jewish and non-Jewish figures in the play;with this paratext,the target readers understand the figures in the play in a different way.Therefore,a different image of Jews is reconstructed in the translation,which is mainly analyzed at the level of larger textual units reflecting hierarchical relations from the perspective of imagology.展开更多
Topology,as a geometrical branch,studies spaces,whose essence lies in its topological equivalence.As far as literary criticism is concerned,the author’s writing purpose can be regarded as an open set in topology,whic...Topology,as a geometrical branch,studies spaces,whose essence lies in its topological equivalence.As far as literary criticism is concerned,the author’s writing purpose can be regarded as an open set in topology,which contains a number of different topological spaces.No matter how these spaces transform,they remain fundamental properties as long as their essence is invariant.From the perspective of topology,Shakespeare constructed three equivalent metaphorical topological spaces:one-pound-flesh agreement,marriage casket“lottery”,and wedding ring trick.The present paper purports to explore how Shakespeare constructed the three equivalent topological spaces to express the theme of literature:the ubi sunt1 motif of life philosophy.展开更多
The Merchant of Venice is one of the four classic comedies of Shakespeare.In this work,the author skillfully depicts the characters in the novel with a sharp irony,making the drama plot interlocking.Based on the Austi...The Merchant of Venice is one of the four classic comedies of Shakespeare.In this work,the author skillfully depicts the characters in the novel with a sharp irony,making the drama plot interlocking.Based on the Austin-Searle’s Speech Act Theory,this paper makes a macro and micro analysis of the ironic speech act in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice,mainly from the literal irony,situational irony,dramatic irony three aspects of the macro-analysis of speech acts as well as the elaboration,directive,commitment,expressive irony for the micro-analysis.展开更多
Pragmatic equivalence, meaning to transfer the implied meaning of the source text to the target text, usually involves the receiver to whom the translation is directed. Two notions are crucial in translation to achiev...Pragmatic equivalence, meaning to transfer the implied meaning of the source text to the target text, usually involves the receiver to whom the translation is directed. Two notions are crucial in translation to achieve pragmatic equivalence: context and optimal relevance. In light of these two element, the author in this paper conducts a case study by using Shakespeare's play The Merchant of Venice and two Chinese versions from Zhu Shenghao and Sun Dayu as data, by comparing these two versions to explore how pragmatic equivalence in translation can be achieve at lexical, semantic and cultural levels.展开更多
The paper focuses on analyzing the female character Portia in Shakespeare's play The Merchant of Venice, by adopting feminist theory from Beauvoir, Horney, and Wollstonecraft, and examining some of the social rule...The paper focuses on analyzing the female character Portia in Shakespeare's play The Merchant of Venice, by adopting feminist theory from Beauvoir, Horney, and Wollstonecraft, and examining some of the social rules in Elizabethan age. By creating the rebellious heroine Portia, Shakespeare doubted and challenged the social rituals in his age. Thus Shakespeare's feminism is well demonstrated in this play.展开更多
Venice is a beautiful city in 1. It's one of the most 2 cities in the world. It's built on a group of small islands(岛). 3 stone bridges cross the rivers 4 the islands. On the rivers there are little boats. Th...Venice is a beautiful city in 1. It's one of the most 2 cities in the world. It's built on a group of small islands(岛). 3 stone bridges cross the rivers 4 the islands. On the rivers there are little boats. They are the"water buses"of Venice. If we travel 5 the rivers 6. a boat, Italians may 7 us about the beautiful palaces we see on 8 sides of the rivers. We can also see many old buildings and the church(教堂) of St. Mark. 9 a beautiful city Venice is! Ⅰ10展开更多
Organized by Consiglio Nazional delle Ricerche (CNR), Gruppo Nedonale diIdraulice(GNI) with the support of the Ministry of Public Works and under the auspices of theCoastal Engineering Research Council(CERC) of the Am...Organized by Consiglio Nazional delle Ricerche (CNR), Gruppo Nedonale diIdraulice(GNI) with the support of the Ministry of Public Works and under the auspices of theCoastal Engineering Research Council(CERC) of the American Society of CivilEngineering(ASCE), and co-sponsored by the international Association for Hydraulic of Navi-gation Congress(PIANC) and by the Associazione di Ingegneria Offshore e Marina(AIOM).Aim展开更多
The safeguarding of Venice and the Venetian lagoon (Italy) from rising water is of great national interest. Besides the normal tidal regime, the effects of an increase in the frequency and intensity of floods in the...The safeguarding of Venice and the Venetian lagoon (Italy) from rising water is of great national interest. Besides the normal tidal regime, the effects of an increase in the frequency and intensity of floods in the lagoon have been accentuated by a reduction in the elevation of the land in respect to the actual average sea level. With the aim of reducing the vulnerability of the lagoon, the Italian Ministry of University and Scientific and Technological Research financed the research project "The geotechnical model of the subsurface for the safeguarding of Venice and its lagoon", to study the compressibility of the lagoon deposits, both by natural causes and as a consequence of overloading with heavy structures. The project involved the construction of a large experimental embankment in the Treporti area of the lagoon, in order to perform a full-scale long-term compression test on the lagoon soils. By using various geomatic and geotechnical monitoring techniques, it was possible to appraise very small vertical movements of the ground induced by the compressibility of the highly heterogeneous silty formations. High-precision data was acquired by means of classical topographic methodologies integrated with continuous GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements. In addition, vertical displacements of the ground were obtained using geotechnical instrumentation. This cross-monitoring approach provided a valuable tool for analyzing both the natural and anthropic causes of settlement.展开更多
New data collected from twenty-six sites during 2008 inthe contaminated Site of National Interest (SIN) of Porto Marghera within the Lagoon of Venice (Italy), which has been affected by the presence of an industrial z...New data collected from twenty-six sites during 2008 inthe contaminated Site of National Interest (SIN) of Porto Marghera within the Lagoon of Venice (Italy), which has been affected by the presence of an industrial zone for the last 80 years, were compared with data from a campaign performed in the same site 30 years before (1976-1978). The SIN was found to be heavily polluted in the earlier study, and several tons of Hg and Zn are still stored in soils and industrial channel sediments, potentially affecting the lagoon part of the SIN. Bathymetric variations, grain-size, Hg and Zn content in sediments were analysed. The severe contamination of the late 1970s (Hg 1.7 μg/g;Zn 754 μg/g) had fallen by the late 2000s (Hg 0.9 μg/g;Zn 225 μg/g). The fall in Hg and Zn contamination over the 30-year period was mainly linked to the patterns of geomorphological change inside the SIN that affected two distinct sub-areas: 1) a stable-depositional (SD) area in the Northern part, which exerted a “dilution” effect on contaminants, with significant deposition (~11%) of coarse-grained sediments (63 - 8 μm), and 2) an area characterised by moderate-to-severe-erosion (MSE) to the South, which saw the loss (~13%) of pollutant-bearing fine-grained sediments (sion if hydrodynamic conditions change in the future. This study provides useful support to decision-making systems by helping to select hot-spots for remediation measures.展开更多
■The world’s most prestigious art shows teamed up in Europe this spring to create a European art tour that offered an unparalleled opportunity to examine contemporary art from around the world.It was an endless expe...■The world’s most prestigious art shows teamed up in Europe this spring to create a European art tour that offered an unparalleled opportunity to examine contemporary art from around the world.It was an endless experience of展开更多
文摘William Shakespeare is the most well-known playwright in the world.The Merchant of Venice is one of the four great comedies by William Shakespeare.It is set during the Elizabethan period with rapid economic development and wide spread Renaissance humanism.Kindness and love are the main themes of the play.Against the backdrop of the spirit of humanism,the female characters in the play have preliminary feminist spirit and subject consciousness though there are some limitations.This article analyzes the feminist spirit in the play and women’s progress on their road of liberation.It suggests that while reflecting the initial emancipation of women in the West in the 16th century,the play also reveals the reality of the enormous social barriers on the road of women’s emancipation.The emancipation of women is an enduring topic in the development of society and a goal that people all over the world are still striving for.
文摘The ending(Act V) of The Merchant of Venice makes this play a great comedy because it skillfully represents the unity of the organic whole which is highly emphasized by Aristotle. As a text to be read, the ending of this play has reached organic unity concerning plot structure. As a play to be performed, the ending is an organic whole when it comes to dramatic effects.The unity of comic spirit in the ending attributes to the everlasting beauty of this play.
文摘Compared with the other characters in The Merchant of Venice,Shylock seems to be totally an outsider and alien of Venice which is because he is considered to be the“Other”in the eyes of the other Venetians as a result of his identity a Jew as well as his occupation as a usurer,both of which are despised and degraded at the Elizabethan times.
基金This paper is adapted from my Ph.D.dissertation which was finished under the supervision of Prof.Rachel Weissbrod at Bar-Ilan University,Israel in 2017.
文摘William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice(1600)is controversial as a result of its negative depiction of the Jewish figure Shylock.In translating this literary work into Chinese,the translator is quite possibly involved in reconstructing the image of Jews,as Shylock being the representative in The Merchant of Venice,consciously,or unconsciously.In this paper,the translation of The Merchant of Venice by Shiqiu Liang(2001)is selected to find out how the image of Jews is conveyed to the Chinese readers.Due to the translator’s translation principle of being loyal to the original text,the content in the original text is transferred to the target readers without manipulation.However,the translation work was conducted with a particular social background which is believed to have influenced the translator’s interpretation of the original text.Accompanied the selected translation is a paratext,in which the translator expresses his own opinion on both the playwright and the Jewish and non-Jewish figures in the play;with this paratext,the target readers understand the figures in the play in a different way.Therefore,a different image of Jews is reconstructed in the translation,which is mainly analyzed at the level of larger textual units reflecting hierarchical relations from the perspective of imagology.
文摘Topology,as a geometrical branch,studies spaces,whose essence lies in its topological equivalence.As far as literary criticism is concerned,the author’s writing purpose can be regarded as an open set in topology,which contains a number of different topological spaces.No matter how these spaces transform,they remain fundamental properties as long as their essence is invariant.From the perspective of topology,Shakespeare constructed three equivalent metaphorical topological spaces:one-pound-flesh agreement,marriage casket“lottery”,and wedding ring trick.The present paper purports to explore how Shakespeare constructed the three equivalent topological spaces to express the theme of literature:the ubi sunt1 motif of life philosophy.
文摘The Merchant of Venice is one of the four classic comedies of Shakespeare.In this work,the author skillfully depicts the characters in the novel with a sharp irony,making the drama plot interlocking.Based on the Austin-Searle’s Speech Act Theory,this paper makes a macro and micro analysis of the ironic speech act in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice,mainly from the literal irony,situational irony,dramatic irony three aspects of the macro-analysis of speech acts as well as the elaboration,directive,commitment,expressive irony for the micro-analysis.
文摘Pragmatic equivalence, meaning to transfer the implied meaning of the source text to the target text, usually involves the receiver to whom the translation is directed. Two notions are crucial in translation to achieve pragmatic equivalence: context and optimal relevance. In light of these two element, the author in this paper conducts a case study by using Shakespeare's play The Merchant of Venice and two Chinese versions from Zhu Shenghao and Sun Dayu as data, by comparing these two versions to explore how pragmatic equivalence in translation can be achieve at lexical, semantic and cultural levels.
文摘The paper focuses on analyzing the female character Portia in Shakespeare's play The Merchant of Venice, by adopting feminist theory from Beauvoir, Horney, and Wollstonecraft, and examining some of the social rules in Elizabethan age. By creating the rebellious heroine Portia, Shakespeare doubted and challenged the social rituals in his age. Thus Shakespeare's feminism is well demonstrated in this play.
文摘Venice is a beautiful city in 1. It's one of the most 2 cities in the world. It's built on a group of small islands(岛). 3 stone bridges cross the rivers 4 the islands. On the rivers there are little boats. They are the"water buses"of Venice. If we travel 5 the rivers 6. a boat, Italians may 7 us about the beautiful palaces we see on 8 sides of the rivers. We can also see many old buildings and the church(教堂) of St. Mark. 9 a beautiful city Venice is! Ⅰ10
文摘Organized by Consiglio Nazional delle Ricerche (CNR), Gruppo Nedonale diIdraulice(GNI) with the support of the Ministry of Public Works and under the auspices of theCoastal Engineering Research Council(CERC) of the American Society of CivilEngineering(ASCE), and co-sponsored by the international Association for Hydraulic of Navi-gation Congress(PIANC) and by the Associazione di Ingegneria Offshore e Marina(AIOM).Aim
文摘The safeguarding of Venice and the Venetian lagoon (Italy) from rising water is of great national interest. Besides the normal tidal regime, the effects of an increase in the frequency and intensity of floods in the lagoon have been accentuated by a reduction in the elevation of the land in respect to the actual average sea level. With the aim of reducing the vulnerability of the lagoon, the Italian Ministry of University and Scientific and Technological Research financed the research project "The geotechnical model of the subsurface for the safeguarding of Venice and its lagoon", to study the compressibility of the lagoon deposits, both by natural causes and as a consequence of overloading with heavy structures. The project involved the construction of a large experimental embankment in the Treporti area of the lagoon, in order to perform a full-scale long-term compression test on the lagoon soils. By using various geomatic and geotechnical monitoring techniques, it was possible to appraise very small vertical movements of the ground induced by the compressibility of the highly heterogeneous silty formations. High-precision data was acquired by means of classical topographic methodologies integrated with continuous GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements. In addition, vertical displacements of the ground were obtained using geotechnical instrumentation. This cross-monitoring approach provided a valuable tool for analyzing both the natural and anthropic causes of settlement.
文摘New data collected from twenty-six sites during 2008 inthe contaminated Site of National Interest (SIN) of Porto Marghera within the Lagoon of Venice (Italy), which has been affected by the presence of an industrial zone for the last 80 years, were compared with data from a campaign performed in the same site 30 years before (1976-1978). The SIN was found to be heavily polluted in the earlier study, and several tons of Hg and Zn are still stored in soils and industrial channel sediments, potentially affecting the lagoon part of the SIN. Bathymetric variations, grain-size, Hg and Zn content in sediments were analysed. The severe contamination of the late 1970s (Hg 1.7 μg/g;Zn 754 μg/g) had fallen by the late 2000s (Hg 0.9 μg/g;Zn 225 μg/g). The fall in Hg and Zn contamination over the 30-year period was mainly linked to the patterns of geomorphological change inside the SIN that affected two distinct sub-areas: 1) a stable-depositional (SD) area in the Northern part, which exerted a “dilution” effect on contaminants, with significant deposition (~11%) of coarse-grained sediments (63 - 8 μm), and 2) an area characterised by moderate-to-severe-erosion (MSE) to the South, which saw the loss (~13%) of pollutant-bearing fine-grained sediments (sion if hydrodynamic conditions change in the future. This study provides useful support to decision-making systems by helping to select hot-spots for remediation measures.
文摘■The world’s most prestigious art shows teamed up in Europe this spring to create a European art tour that offered an unparalleled opportunity to examine contemporary art from around the world.It was an endless experience of