Modern Family Planning Utilization and Associated Factors among HIV Positive Reproductive Age Women in Debre Markos Referral Hospital Northwest Ethiopia, 2014 G.C.

The study was conducted to find out modern family planning utilization and associated factor among HIV positive reproductive age women attending anti retroviral treatment care in Debremarkos referral hospital, in Ethiopia. Institution based cross-sectional study was carried out. Three hundred thirty five HIV positive reproductive age women were selected using systematic random sampling methods. Data were collected and analyzed. About 47.9% HIV positive reproductive age women are currently using modern family planning methods. Level of education has significant effect on utilization of modern family planning methods. Women with primary education and secondary education and above are utilizing modern family planning methods 2.71 times and 6.91 times more from non educated women, respectively. Number of children has also effect in utilization of modern family planning methods. Those who have one child and two and more children are utilizing modern family planning methods 5.31 and 11.66 times more than those who do not have children, respectively. Utilization of modern family planning methods was low and the most commonly used methods were condom and inject able contraceptives. In order to enhance utilization of modern family planning methods for HIV positive women, family planning services must be integrated with anti retro viral treatment care and support service sites and women’s educational status must be improved.

Determination of Level of Knowledge on Modern Methods of Family Planning among Women of Reproductive Age (18 - 49 Years) at Mathare North Health Center in Nairobi County, Kenya

Introduction: Modern family planning methods (MFPM) prevent unwanted pregnancies, reduce fertility rate, and increase the interval between pregnancies. They prevent pregnancy by preventing fertilization or implantation of the fertilized ovum. MFPM include tubal ligation (TL), vasectomy, oral contraceptive pills, the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD), depot injections, sub-dermal implants, and male and female condoms. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of modern family planning methods (MFPM) among women of reproductive age (18 - 49 years) at the Mathari North Health Center in Nairobi County, Kenya. Methods: The study conducted among women of reproductive age at Mathare North Health Center in Nairobi was a cross-sectional descriptive survey between March 2016 and November 2018. It provided both qualitative and quantitative data. The sample size comprised of 274 women of reproductive age, i.e. (18 - 49 years) attending antenatal and postnatal clinics at the facility. Those excluded were women below 18 years of age, as they could not give consent according to Kenyan Laws. The data were collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire, which consisted of socio-demographic and characteristics, knowledge of modern family planning methods and distance from the facility. Likert scale was used to ensure that data was tabulated on daily basis and subjected to statistical manipulation using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The four leading MFPM in use in order of acceptability were injectables, implants, intrauterine contraceptive device and pills in that order. 91% of respondents were aware or had heard about modern family planning methods. Level of education of mother and father were the two variables that influenced the uptake of MFPM with p-values of 0.0260 and 0.025, respectively. The study further found that knowledge of MFPM had a significant influence on their assimilation and utilization. All secondary variables considered in the research exhibit a substantial relationship concerning the use of MFPM. Conclusion: Communities around Mathari North Health Center need to be given information;education and counselling on MFPM to enable them make an informed decision and choice on their preferred method of family planning.

Prevalence and Patterns of Divorce in Vietnam： Tradition, Modernity, and Individualism

In Vietnam, divorce traditionally was considered scandalous for women, so there was a strong pressure against divorce, especially for women. While divorce has long been culturally discouraged and limited, divorce has been rapidly increasing after the renovation policy in late 1980s with alternative causes, consequences, etc Modernization is a process of transforming ＂traditional＂ society to ＂modern＂ one, in order to achieve economic development and growth, to innovate politics and to enhance their social structure towards a political, social, and economic system similar to those of western developed countries. In the field of marriage, family, and kinship, modernization process experiences the maintenance of traditional values and the appearance of the new modern values. This paper aims to examine trend and correlates of divorce and to identify social and cultural factors influencing the divorce decision, using data of divorce profiles of one district court in 10 years （i.e., 2000-2009） with total divorce profiles analyzed are 2,033 cases, of which 499 divorce couples in a rural district and 1,534 divorced couples in an urban area.

A Pragmatic Analysis on Euphemism in Modern Family

Euphemism uses a pleasant way or some beautiful expressions to produce a good effect on the hearer. In order to make conversations go on smoothly, euphemism plays an important role in these occasions when people sometimes break the rules to express conversational implication. Based on the American sitcom Modern Family as the corpus, this thesis analyzes the euphemism from the perspective of the Politeness Principle. Meanwhile, the author hopes that the thesis could have a better comprehension and appreciation of English euphemisms to improve the application ability through the study of English euphemism.

Trends in the Use of Reversible Modern Contraceptives in Burkina Faso between 2010 and 2015

Background: In Burkina Faso, efforts have been made between 2010 and 2015 to address the low levels of contraceptive utilization. However, the socio-cultural context in the country still reinforces traditional gender roles, low status for women, and a strong desire for larger families. The objectives of this study are twofold: 1) to analyze the trends in reversible modern contraceptive prevalence, and 2) to identify the factors influencing the use of reversible modern contraceptives, comparing the urban and rural areas. Data and Methods: We conducted an analysis using data from Burkina Faso sourced from the 2010 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the 2015 Demographic and Health Module (DHM). The 2010 DHS received responses from 17,087 women aged 15 - 49 years, achieving a response rate of 98.4%. Similarly, the 2015 DHM garnered responses from 11,504 women aged 15 - 49 years, with a response rate of 96.6%. Results: Our findings revealed that while advancements were observed in urban areas, the majority of underprivileged women still faced limited access to modern contraception. Moreover, we did not observe any significant interaction effects between age and parity with the year of the survey. However, there was a slight decrease in the impact of marital status, although the difference between married and non-married women remained significant in 2015. It is noteworthy that family planning discussions and approval continued to play crucial roles. Conclusion: The initiatives to subsidize contraceptive costs and establish mobile clinics have proven inadequate in facilitating rural, impoverished, and young women’s access to modern contraception. Additional endeavors are required to enhance geographical accessibility to modern contraceptives by expanding the availability of supply sources, particularly in rural areas. Furthermore, providing psychosocial support has the potential to empower women in making informed contraceptive decisions and exercising greater control over their reproductive choices.

A Modern Royal Family

1 In certain countries of the world,the king or queen is still considered to be a demi-god.The UK is not one of those countries.It’s true that up until the 17th century,the British king or queen was believed to rule by divine right,which was the idea that God chose the king or queen to rule and that he or she was therefore above the law.The idea that the monarch was above the law ended with the English Civil War,in which King Charles the First was imprisoned and then beheaded in 1649. 2 So what does the British royal family represent for the British people today? Well,a large number of things.The royal family are of course a part of British history and British cultural identity.It just wouldn’t feel the same if there were no royal family（and tourism would certainly be affected）.In addition to that,however,the Queen has important formal duties:

Three Development Stages for the Tibetan Family and Tibet's Modernization——A Survey of Social Changes in Tibet in Last 50 Years

I Since 1990, as a person in charge of key research projects of the China Tibetology Research Center, I have had opportunities almost every year to conduct field surveys on anthropology in Tibet together with my colleagues. Our investigations focus on the family. The purpose of our surveys is to see social changes in Tibet during the 50 years after the Democratic Reform through the study of the family as a social cell.

“数据”可否纳入知识产权客体范畴?

《民法总则》(草案)第108条将“数据信息”纳入知识产权客体范畴,虽然该规定最终未获通过,但却引发了学界和业界的热议,数据可否纳入知识产权客体范畴的讨论方兴未艾。根据“信息链”理论,事实、数据、信息、知识和情报之间是呈现一种由下至上逐步提炼加工的链式关系,数据与信息、知识、情报之间依次包含。但数据并不符合知识产权客体的一般特征,若将“数据”整体直接纳入知识产权客体的范畴,会冲击已有的权能和体系,影响知识产权客体家族的统一性和协调性。应对数据进行分类保护,在现有知识产权保护基础之上,增设数据产权保护模式,数据主体就个人原始数据享有数据人格权和数据财产权;企业就其加工处理取得的衍生数据享有数据财产权,企业这种财产权利取得的门槛低于知识产权取得,不必要求独创性、创造性或显著性等知识产权客体的一般特征,宜采取弱保护模式。

现代家庭农场经营人才培育路径和对策研究——以浙江省为例

我国现代家庭农场发展迅速,要实现高效、绿色、专业化的发展目标,亟需大量高层次复合型农场经营人才。文章以浙江省为例,研究分析了该省在现代家庭农场主等新型职业农民培育方面的典型做法、存在的问题,并在借鉴国外相关人才培育经验的基础上,提出现代家庭农场主培育路径,即统筹非学历教育与学历教育两个层面,定制专业化培育方案,开展专项育人行动,精准化提供课程、项目、平台等优质资源,完善育人质量评估与监督体系。国家层面,提出须加强部委间协同,持续投入专项资金,完善大学生返乡就业促进政策等意见建议。

家族相似性、符号圈与艺术跨媒介叙事

总体性的“艺术”仅仅是一个相对意义上的统称,一个代表所有具体门类艺术的“家族相似性”概念。洛特曼把总体性的艺术看成一个大的“符号圈”,而这个符号圈中又存在由各门类艺术构成的多个小符号圈。符号圈具有两个基本特征:一是有界性,即符号圈是有边界的,主要关涉内外关系;二是不均衡性,即符号圈区分为“中心”与“外围”,这是符号圈的内部组织规则。这两个特征都给“艺术文本”的跨媒介叙事带来了深刻影响。综合运用“家族相似性”和“符号圈”理论,不仅可以很好地解释艺术与非艺术,以及艺术符号圈中不同艺术门类之间的跨媒介叙事问题,而且可以合理地解释同一种文学、艺术体裁中的“互参”现象。

中国式现代化视域下家庭体育锻炼行为决策模型构建研究

目的:构建家庭体育锻炼行为决策模型,分析家庭体育锻炼行为决策的多维影响因素,为中国式现代化进程中家庭体育行为决策提供参考。方法:采用斯特劳斯(Strauss)编码程序,借助“Nvivo12.0Plus”软件对研究资料进行三级编码,搭建家庭体育锻炼行为决策结构框架;通过项目分析、探索性和验证性因素分析,并借助SPSS24.0和AMOS24.0软件对决策结构指标进行优化,构建家庭体育锻炼行为决策模型。结果:提取410个行为决策标签化节点,抽绎30条内容相对集中的概念,归纳7个核心类属,彼此间相互关联和作用形成家庭体育锻炼行为决策结构框架;决策结构指标优化得到30个观测指标,且通过项目分析检验;探索性因素分析依次剔除3个未通过检验的观测指标,变异累积率趋于稳定,达到63.278%;家庭体育锻炼行为决策模型拟合指数为GFI=0.925、AGFI=0.911、CFI=0.919、RMSEA=0.051;项目信度大于0.3,组成信度大于0.7,收敛效度大于0.36;相关性权重法得出家庭体育锻炼行为决策权重。结论:家庭体育锻炼行为决策模型适配度高,模型拟合理想,模型具备较高的信效度;家庭体育锻炼行为决策受个体特质、家庭氛围、居住环境、家庭资本、生活习惯、时间分配和健康程度7个因子的影响,因子间存在两两配对的相关性,表现为一个七维交互影响的联动机制;决策程度由大到小依次是个体特质、家庭氛围、居住环境、家庭资本、生活习惯、时间分配和健康程度,家庭体育锻炼行为决策通过多个因素的共同作用实现。

小农户家庭结构变化对加入现代化农业体系的机制分析

“大国小农”背景下,实现小农户的现代化转型是中国式农业现代化的重要组成部分,体现中国特色。本文利用全国第三次农业普查农户抽样数据,从小农户家庭结构变化的角度,分析小农户衔接现代农业的影响因素及实现机制。实证分析证明:随着农村家庭出现老龄化、小型化、兼业化的趋势会显著降低小农衔接现代农业的意愿;进一步的机制分析表明,有男性子嗣的小农户家庭,即使在家庭结构变化的情况下,也会显著的愿意加入现代农业体系。本文研究表明新发展阶段对小农户而言,农地的生产功能逐渐减弱,财产性功能愈发凸显。据此,本文建议持续深化“长久不变”和“三权分置”等有利于保障农民财产性收入的政策,为小农户衔接现代农业提供更加周全的制度供给。

从经营方式演化看中国农业现代化的前沿问题

在对家庭联产承包责任制改革确立农户主体地位及土地流转和规模化过程进行梳理的基础上,研究了正在蓬勃发展的几种有代表性的农业组织形式的特点和现代农业演化趋势,针对租佃高成本、超大规模垄断性经营和政府补贴等方面的问题,提出了相应的政策建议。

新时代家风建设与社区文化治理:融合与发展

近年来,新时代家风建设日渐成为基层社区治理的强大抓手,并呈现出融合发展的新面貌。在与既有理论保持对话的基础上,从内在价值凝聚和外在制度化约束两个方面揭示了家风建设与社区文化治理的融合机制,结合相关现代性理论提炼出在现代性中“再生产”的“主体—内核—途径”三维框架:主体的榜样作用、内核的情动转向和途径的虚拟在场,试图为新时代家风建设提供现代化的理论分析助推社区文化治理。

传统孝文化精髓融入我国现代家庭养老路径探析

传统孝文化精髓对现代家庭养老有着极为重要的作用。然而,由于家庭孝道失范、学校重智轻孝、社会孝风不佳以及政府孝法缺位等因素的制约,传统孝文化精髓融入现代家庭养老效果不佳,从而导致我国部分家庭子女缺乏对传统孝文化精髓的理论认知、情感认定、意志认可以及行为认同。为此,必须通过营造孝慈家风氛围、挖掘孝德育人元素、培育孝亲社会风气、推进孝道制度建设等多种路径,促进传统孝文化精髓融入现代家庭养老。

中国儿童家庭福利服务制度70年历史变迁、结构转型和发展方向

2021年中国全面建成小康社会,基本消除绝对贫困现象,中国化现代社会福利服务制度成为现代社会福利制度的核心部分。社会福利制度由社会救济、社会福利服务、义务教育、住房家庭和健康服务五个亚体系组成。社会福利服务主要是指国家与政府对老弱病残、鳏寡孤独、贫困和弱势群体提供免费服务。儿童、老弱病残孕贫和家庭健康福利是重中之重。本文从中国社会福利制度史角度,运用社会福利与儿童家庭福利等理论,将中国70年儿童福利制度结构变迁分为1949—1957年、1958—1977年、1978—1989年、1990—2010年、2011—2021年五个历史发展阶段,概括每个历史阶段儿童福利制度发展时代特征。简述儿童福利制度理念由现代蜕变为传统,又由传统重新回归现代,由“普惠性”和“国家责任”蜕变为“选择性”和“家庭责任”,又由选择性、家庭责任重新回归普惠性和国家责任,由“家庭福利为基础儿童福利制度”蜕变为“孤残儿童福利服务”,又由儿童福利与家庭福利分离,重新回归“以家庭福利为基础现代儿童福利制度”范式结构转型历程。概括现代、普惠儿童福利制度U字型历史发展轨迹,描绘儿童福利、妇女福利、家庭福利、总体性福利制度一体化和整合性发展趋势,总结70年儿童福利制度发展历史经验和客观规律,指明广义、现代、普惠儿童福利、家庭福利和总体性社会福利制度是“现代国家最大政治问题”的基本结论。最后简述中国化现代性、普惠性、广义儿童福利制度现代福利理念、福利法治化、福利财政学等制度化建设路径,指明福利中国和中国福利社会发展目标。

论《个人信息保护法》的合作治理定位--基于倾斜保护型法的视角

《个人信息保护法》具有公私法融合的属性,采取何种治理框架成为亟待解决的理论与实践问题。欧盟、美国与中国的个人信息保护均形成了合作治理的基础框架。个人信息保护法的关注重点在于信息主体与信息处理者之间的持续性不平等以及信息处理关系的外部性,因而与劳动法、消费者权益保护法等倾斜保护型法构成家族相似。应参照倾斜保护型法的既有制度经验,进一步构建《个人信息保护法》公私法协同的合作治理框架。具体而言,可从自由主义家长制的告知同意制度、公共信托制度与公益诉讼制度三个方面进行重构。

从梅洛——庞蒂身体现象学到中国古代身道

一种全面的分析告诉我们:梅洛—庞蒂身体现象学乃是当代身体性哲学的集大成者。无独有偶,一种全面深入的研究发现,就其身体性而言,中国哲学与梅洛—庞蒂哲学二者之间存在着一种明显的“家族相似”的关系。这种“家族相似”同时表明,中国哲学的身体思想与梅洛—庞蒂哲学的身体思想既存在共通之处,又有一定程度的差异。因此,摆在我们面前的任务是,不在二者之间扬此抑彼,而将二者兼容并蓄地有机结合在一起。惟其如此,我们才能使经过现代化洗礼的中国身体性哲学得以真正确立。

从离“家”到回“家”——论近代以来中国人家庭批判的现代性后果及其伦理救赎

为了追求个人的自由和解放,近代以来中国人以一种激进的态度对传统家庭伦理进行了猛烈的抨击,结果导致传统家庭功能不断地弱化;与此同时,新型家庭伦理并没有真正建立起来。由于传统家庭功能的弱化和新型家庭伦理的缺乏,在现代陌生人社会漂泊的中国人难以找到真情实感的慰藉,人与人之间的冷漠与紧张,使孤独与焦虑成了现代中国人的一种基本生存状态。道德情感需求是人的本性需求,家是培育人的道德情感的根基。新时代中国人需要发挥社会主义核心价值观的指导作用,调和自由与责任的关系,在返本开新中不断推动传统家庭责任伦理的现代性转换和创新性发展,以责任伦理为中心构建新型家庭伦理;同时还要构建新型家庭责任伦理实践的多元推进机制,使其真正渗入到现代中国人的家庭生活实践中。

家校社协同背景下家庭教育的应然理据、现实困境与突破路径

家校社协同共促家庭教育是新时代新型育人路径上的新选择,也是传统家庭教育在新时代教育发展中的新探索。从时空压缩理论与教育现代化发展的视域下探究家校合作到家校社协同的发展变迁,发现家庭与学校、社会存在着交叉互动的教育环境,这让三者协同共促家庭教育的发展具备实现可能。如今家庭教育践行中出现了教育理念固化、内容教化、资源分化与组织散化的问题,完善制度规范、开发全面交融的教育内容、整合教育资源、打造多元主体共同建设等方式将有效促进家校社协同促进家庭教育发展,有助于进一步完善家校社协同育人体系构建。