Most people explain“Nei Juan”based on the connotation of the“Involution”and other fierce competition outlined above.However,the misunderstanding of the term triggers adverse social anxiety and stigmatizes reasonab...Most people explain“Nei Juan”based on the connotation of the“Involution”and other fierce competition outlined above.However,the misunderstanding of the term triggers adverse social anxiety and stigmatizes reasonable education ideas.The result of“Nei Juan”is that everyone screws more effort to expect the raised standard,but no one yields better returns due to the fixed resources.The essay related to the education-oriented examination in China reveals the adverse effects of“Nei Juan,”focuses on why the public misunderstand the“Nei Juan”as involution and distinguishes it from the positive competition.Understanding the term’s connotation is responsible for helping those escaping from the futile effort and relaxing from the rat race.展开更多
目的制定中文版屈光不正相关生存质量量表,并用于评价准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术(laser assisted insitu keratomileusis,LASIK)手术效果。方法将美国国家眼科研究所屈光不正生存质量量表(42-item National Eye InstituteRefractive Erro...目的制定中文版屈光不正相关生存质量量表,并用于评价准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术(laser assisted insitu keratomileusis,LASIK)手术效果。方法将美国国家眼科研究所屈光不正生存质量量表(42-item National Eye InstituteRefractive Error Quality of Life Questionnaire,NEI-RQL-42)翻译成中文,评价其信度及效度,对LASIK手术患者术前和术后进行常规视力和屈光检查的同时采用中文版量表评价其术前、术后生存质量的差异。结果经过系统的翻译、回译及文化调试等步骤所得的NEI-RQL-42中文版量表的克朗巴赫α系数>0.7,重测信度评价的组内相关系数为0.83～0.87,且具有良好的内容效度、结构效度及判别效度。LASIK术后1、3个月最佳矫正视力均恢复并超过术前水平(P<0.05),LASIK术后患者除眩光及自觉症状条目得分有所降低外,其余条目得分都有明显的提高,尤其以活动受限、视力波动、矫正依赖性、次佳矫正、外观以及满意度得分的提高最为显著(P<0.05)。患者术前总体得分为(62.27±30.76),术后1个月为(81.64±25.38),术后3个月为(82.14±23.27);术后1、3个月患者总体生活质量较术前都有明显的提高,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中文版NEI-RQL-42量表信度及效度良好,对评价LASIK手术后生存质量的变化较为灵敏,LASIK手术可以明显提高患者的生活质量。展开更多
A specimen collected from the Upper Cretaceous Erlian Formation of Nei Mongol （Inner Mongolia）, China, represents a new genus and species of titanosaurian sauropod. The new taxon is named and described on the basis ...A specimen collected from the Upper Cretaceous Erlian Formation of Nei Mongol （Inner Mongolia）, China, represents a new genus and species of titanosaurian sauropod. The new taxon is named and described on the basis of the holotype and the only known specimen, which comprises several dorsal, sacral, and caudal vertebrae, several dorsal ribs, one anterior chevron, and much of the pelvis. Diagnostic features of the new species include a thick ridge extending down from the postzygapophysis on the lateral surface of the neural arch of the posterior dorsal vertebrae, a transversely oriented accessory lamina present between the anterior centroparapophyseal limina and the lateral centraprezygapophyseal lamina of the posterior dorsal vertebrae, long, anteroventrally directed caudal rib that bears two distinctive fossae on its posterior margin on the anterior caudal vertebrae and a prominent vertical ridge above the pubic peduncle on the medial surface of the ilium, among others. The ilium is pneumatic, a feature not common among non-avian dinosaurs. The new taxon has an unusual combination of primitive and derived character states. Preliminary character analysis shows a complex character distribution within the Titanosauriformes. Recent titanosauriform discoveries suggest that a significant radiation occurred in Asia early in the titanosauriform evolution.展开更多
文摘Most people explain“Nei Juan”based on the connotation of the“Involution”and other fierce competition outlined above.However,the misunderstanding of the term triggers adverse social anxiety and stigmatizes reasonable education ideas.The result of“Nei Juan”is that everyone screws more effort to expect the raised standard,but no one yields better returns due to the fixed resources.The essay related to the education-oriented examination in China reveals the adverse effects of“Nei Juan,”focuses on why the public misunderstand the“Nei Juan”as involution and distinguishes it from the positive competition.Understanding the term’s connotation is responsible for helping those escaping from the futile effort and relaxing from the rat race.
文摘目的制定中文版屈光不正相关生存质量量表,并用于评价准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术(laser assisted insitu keratomileusis,LASIK)手术效果。方法将美国国家眼科研究所屈光不正生存质量量表(42-item National Eye InstituteRefractive Error Quality of Life Questionnaire,NEI-RQL-42)翻译成中文,评价其信度及效度,对LASIK手术患者术前和术后进行常规视力和屈光检查的同时采用中文版量表评价其术前、术后生存质量的差异。结果经过系统的翻译、回译及文化调试等步骤所得的NEI-RQL-42中文版量表的克朗巴赫α系数>0.7,重测信度评价的组内相关系数为0.83～0.87,且具有良好的内容效度、结构效度及判别效度。LASIK术后1、3个月最佳矫正视力均恢复并超过术前水平(P<0.05),LASIK术后患者除眩光及自觉症状条目得分有所降低外,其余条目得分都有明显的提高,尤其以活动受限、视力波动、矫正依赖性、次佳矫正、外观以及满意度得分的提高最为显著(P<0.05)。患者术前总体得分为(62.27±30.76),术后1个月为(81.64±25.38),术后3个月为(82.14±23.27);术后1、3个月患者总体生活质量较术前都有明显的提高,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中文版NEI-RQL-42量表信度及效度良好,对评价LASIK手术后生存质量的变化较为灵敏,LASIK手术可以明显提高患者的生活质量。
基金The fieldwork is supported by a grant from the Ministry of Land Resources of the People＇s Republic of China （9501130） Xu Xing＇ s work is supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （40125006）.
文摘A specimen collected from the Upper Cretaceous Erlian Formation of Nei Mongol （Inner Mongolia）, China, represents a new genus and species of titanosaurian sauropod. The new taxon is named and described on the basis of the holotype and the only known specimen, which comprises several dorsal, sacral, and caudal vertebrae, several dorsal ribs, one anterior chevron, and much of the pelvis. Diagnostic features of the new species include a thick ridge extending down from the postzygapophysis on the lateral surface of the neural arch of the posterior dorsal vertebrae, a transversely oriented accessory lamina present between the anterior centroparapophyseal limina and the lateral centraprezygapophyseal lamina of the posterior dorsal vertebrae, long, anteroventrally directed caudal rib that bears two distinctive fossae on its posterior margin on the anterior caudal vertebrae and a prominent vertical ridge above the pubic peduncle on the medial surface of the ilium, among others. The ilium is pneumatic, a feature not common among non-avian dinosaurs. The new taxon has an unusual combination of primitive and derived character states. Preliminary character analysis shows a complex character distribution within the Titanosauriformes. Recent titanosauriform discoveries suggest that a significant radiation occurred in Asia early in the titanosauriform evolution.
