生成式人工智能赋能本科生科研能力培养——ChatGPT支持的CUREs教学模式

为促进高等教育中高素质创新人才培养,构建以学生为中心的科研训练与课程教学整合模式是有效途径。当前基于课程的本科生科研体验(CUREs)教学模式虽在增强学生对科学本质的理解等方面具有一定优势,但在激发学生研究动机方面存在一些不足。将支持高效反馈的生成式人工智能ChatGPT引入人机协作研究过程中,有助于改善学生的科研体验,推动科研项目化学习。通过对ChatGPT支持的CUREs教学模式的设计与实施,发现该模式有助于培养学生的科研能力,提升他们的科研知识水平、科研技能水平和科研情感水平。尽管学生认同该教学模式的有效性和易用性,但其实际效果的发挥仍需人类智慧的参与。未来需要持续升级和优化生成式人工智能技术,确保技术应用高效且符合伦理标准;应用生成式人工智能技术重构教学模式,并通过长周期、跨场域实践检验其应用效果;强调人工智能与人类智慧的互补协作,真正实现生成式人工智能赋能学生科研能力提升。

Easy Paying Optimizing payment options for international visitors to China

As of January 31,2024,China had concluded mutual visa exemption agreements covering different types of passports with 157 countries,reached agreements or arrangements on simplified visa procedures with 44 countries,and enjoyed comprehensive mutual visa exemptions with 23 countries including Thailand,Singapore,Maldives,and the United Arab Emirates.

Are You Willing to Pay to Go to the Supermarket?

In recent yea rs,t raditiona l offline supermarkets are facing big challenges,and warehouse membership superma rkets(hereinafter referred to as membership supermarkets)are quickly gaining p opu l a r it y.Ma ny t r ad it iona l supermarkets have become membership supermarkets,and even many retail enterprises have entered this field.

Hepatitis B cure:Current situation and prospects

Achievement of a‘clinical cure’in chronic hepatitis B(CHB)implies sustained virological suppression and immunological control over the infection,which is the ideal treatment goal according to domestic and international CHB management guidelines.Clinical practice has shown encouraging results for specific patient cohorts using tailored treatment regimens.These regimens incorporate either nucleos(t)ide analogs,immunomodulatory agents such as pegylated interferonα,or a strategic combination of both,sequentially or concurrently administered.Despite these advancements in the clinical handling of hepatitis B,achieving a clinical cure remains elusive for a considerable subset of patients due to the number of challenges that preclude the realization of optimal treatment outcomes.These include,but are not limited to,the emergence of antiviral resistance,incomplete immune recovery,and the persistence of covalently closed circular DNA.Moreover,the variance in response to interferon therapy and the lack of definitive biomarkers for treatment cessation also contribute to the complexity of achieving a clinical cure.This article briefly overviews the current research progress and existing issues in pursuing a clinical cure for hepatitis B.

Digital Payments Bring Better Travel Experience in China

CHINA’S visa-free policy keeps expanding and the country has entered a new era of welcoming visitors from an increasing global reach.By January 1,2024,China had inked mutual visa exemption agreements with 157 countries,simplified visa procedures with 44 countries,and enjoyed comprehensive mutual visa exemptions with 23 countries,including Thailand,Singapore,the Maldives,and the United Arab Emirates.

Modelling the Survival of Western Honey Bee Apis mellifera and the African Stingless Bee Meliponula ferruginea Using Semiparametric Marginal Proportional Hazards Mixture Cure Model

Classical survival analysis assumes all subjects will experience the event of interest, but in some cases, a portion of the population may never encounter the event. These survival methods further assume independent survival times, which is not valid for honey bees, which live in nests. The study introduces a semi-parametric marginal proportional hazards mixture cure (PHMC) model with exchangeable correlation structure, using generalized estimating equations for survival data analysis. The model was tested on clustered right-censored bees survival data with a cured fraction, where two bee species were subjected to different entomopathogens to test the effect of the entomopathogens on the survival of the bee species. The Expectation-Solution algorithm is used to estimate the parameters. The study notes a weak positive association between cure statuses (ρ1=0.0007) and survival times for uncured bees (ρ2=0.0890), emphasizing their importance. The odds of being uncured for A. mellifera is higher than the odds for species M. ferruginea. The bee species, A. mellifera are more susceptible to entomopathogens icipe 7, icipe 20, and icipe 69. The Cox-Snell residuals show that the proposed semiparametric PH model generally fits the data well as compared to model that assume independent correlation structure. Thus, the semi parametric marginal proportional hazards mixture cure is parsimonious model for correlated bees survival data.

基于改进CURE聚类的运营商用户云数据挖掘方法

为了优化运营商用户云数据挖掘效果、提升数据挖掘质量,开展基于改进CURE聚类的运营商用户云数据挖掘方法研究。首先,确定运营商用户云数据来源,采集与预处理运营商用户云数据。其次,设计数据挖掘关联规则,得出不同用户云数据之间的关联性。最后,利用改进CURE聚类算法,设计运营商用户云数据挖掘流程,输出聚类结果作为数据挖掘结果,并建立数据仓库,集中存储和管理用户云数据挖掘结果。实验结果表明,运用提出的方法,数据挖掘轮廓系数更接近1,聚类合理,挖掘效果优势显著,应用效果较好。

基于改进CURE聚类算法的网络用户异常行为识别方法

由于传统异常行为识别方法无法对随时变化的异常行为实现精准识别,因此对CURE聚类算法作出改进,针对网络用户异常行为提出了一种新的识别方法。通过改进CURE聚类算法将用户的上网行为分为正常行为簇和异常行为簇,标记正常行为簇,并利用超矩形建模方式识别数据,分析正常行为簇在每个维度上的正常值域,判断其是否包含在所建立的超矩形内。如果在判定用户行为为正常,反之判断其为异常行为。仿真实验选取了学生上网行为数据,分四个时间段注入异常行为数据,结果表明,所提方法识别结果与设定情况一致,没有出现误识别或不识别现象,改进CURE聚类算法的网络用户异常行为识别精度较高,而且具有超高的效率。

基于CURE聚类算法的区域滑坡敏感性评价研究

针对现有基于聚类算法的滑坡敏感性评价模型存在难以设置参数等问题,采用CURE(Clustering using representative)聚类算法建立区域滑坡敏感性评价模型,并对延安宝塔区进行评价.实验结果表明,评价结果与实际一致,并且准确度比KPSO(K-means+particle swam opimization)模型高出17.2%,证明该模型的有效性,可为防灾减灾提供理论支撑.

Effect of CSH Crystal Nucleus on Steam-Free Cured Fly Ash Precast Concrete Components

The measures of steam curing and early-strengthening agents to promote the precast components to reach the target strength quickly can bring different degrees of damage to the concrete.Based on this,the new nanomaterial CSH-the hydration product of cement effectively solves these measures’disadvantages,such as excessive energy consumption,thermal stress damage,and the introduction of external ions.In this paper,the effect of CSH on the early strength of precast fly ash concrete components was investigated in terms of setting time,workability,and mechanical properties and analyzed at the microscopic level using hydration temperature,XRD,and SEM.The results showed that under the same workability,CSH could significantly reduce the amount of admixture,shorten the final setting time,almost not affect the initial setting time,and accelerate the hydration of cement.At the optimum dose of 5%,the mechanical properties of the specimens were improved by more than 98%within 12 h of hydration,resulting in an earlier release time of 12 h and no risk of strength inversion later.The results of this paper give theoretical support to the behavior of precast components under steam-free curing.

Living environment shaped residents’willingness to pay for ecosystem services in Yangtze River Middle Reaches Megalopolis,China

Profound understanding on the diversity of local residents’willingness to pay(WTP)for ecosystem services(ESs)may aid evaluation of policy impacts by uncovering trade-offs and synergies for achieving sustainable environmental resource management.However,the reasons for the spatial preference heterogeneity of WTP are still unclear.In this study,an extensive survey with 4,580 residents in the Yangtze River Middle Reaches Megalopolis(YRMRM),central China,was carried out to investigate the public’s WTP to maintain and improve ESs.We identified key influencing factors and explored how they shaped the preference heterogeneity in WTP by random forest model and surface fitting method.Our results showed that 81.4% of residents reported WTP for ESs greater than zero.Water supply,waste treatment,food supply and raw material supply were the preferred ESs for residents.Living environment factors(i.e.,extent of farmland,water and forest near the residence)were found as the key drivers of WTP.Proximity to farmland,water and forests resulted in high WTP values for a series of specific ESs.The reasons for the heterogeneity of WTP are(1)the difference in proximity to farmland,water and forest(i.e.,the contributor to ESs),(2)the divergence of local residents’preferences for ESs.This study disclosed the heterogeneity and causes of public preferences in YRMRM,which could help policy and decision makers to develop eco-compensation initiatives towards conservative and sustainable use of the environmental resources.

Tourists’Willingness to Pay for Recreation Services in Nyerere National Park,Tanzania:Are We Overvaluing or Undervaluing Our Nature Recreation Resources?

This study estimated tourists’Willingness to Pay(WTP)per day for recreation services in Nyerere National Park(NNP)and compared these values with daily travel costs that are incurred by tourists to visit NNP in order to inform whether recreation resources in the park are overvalued or undervalued.The study revealed that tourists’WTP per day for recreation services was estimated at$237.4 and$1521 for resident and non-resident tourists,respectively.The estimated tourists’WTP values exceed the daily travel costs currently incurred by tourists,which are$201.04 and$1517.97 for resident and non-resident tourists,respectively.This indicates that tourists are willing to spend more to enjoy recreation services in NNP,which signifies that recreation resources in NNP are slightly undervalued.In addi­tion,the findings disclosed that the largest share of tourist daily travel expenses is allocated to transportation services,and very little is paid to the park as a conservation fee.It was revealed that out of the daily travel expenses incurred by non-resident and resident tourists,only 4.62%and 2.23%are respectively paid directly to NNP as conservation fees.This study considers that allocation is not very fair;thus,NNP,in collaboration with TANAPA,needs to adjust the current entrance or conservation fee and reduce the transportation costs charged by tourist companies.The travel costs incurred by tourists,age,education,monthly income,site visited,substitute site,and quality of park were identified as significant factors in influencing tourists’WTP for recreation services in NNP.Thus,policies oriented to reduce tour­ists’transportation costs and improve the quality of national parks would attract more tourists to NNP.

活力巴塞罗那 Clearpay办公室

本案为Clearpay公司巴塞罗那办公室的扩建项目,业主租下了与原办公室相邻的2个空间。原办公室和新办公室均由studioMADD设计。作为一家年轻的、富有创造力和雄心勃勃的公司,Clearpay的目标是打造一处能够体现这些品质的工作场所。这个空间需要激励员工、促进新的工作方式,因而创新性、可持续性、包容性,以及对所有人的热烈欢迎至关重要。最终的结果不仅达到了这些目标,而且超出了预期。

‘YY021’烘烤特性及其杂种优势

为研究烤烟杂交种‘YY021’的烘烤特性及杂种优势,以‘YY021’及其母本‘MSY106’、父本‘LY1306’为研究对象,采用暗箱试验研究上部烟、中部烟和下部烟的变黄、变褐特性;采用电烤箱试验,研究中部烟烘烤过程中烟叶的失水特性、叶绿素降解特性和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性变化,评价‘YY021’易烤性和耐烤性及其杂种优势。结果表明,上、中、下部位叶片变黄速率均表现为‘YY021’>‘LY1306’>‘MSY106’,下部和中部烟叶变褐速率表现为‘LY1306’>‘MSY106’>‘YY021’,上部烟叶变褐速率表现为‘LY1306’>‘YY021’>‘MSY106’。‘YY021’及其父母本变黄指数和变褐指数均随着叶片部位升高而减小。中部烟叶失水均衡性表现为‘LY1306’显著高于‘MSY106’,‘YY021’介于父母本中间,有中亲优势。‘YY021’中部烟叶绿素降解速率与父母本差异不显著,无杂种优势。中部烟PPO活性均值表现为‘MSY106’>‘YY021’>‘LY1306’,品种间差异显著,‘YY021’有中亲优势。综合上述各指标并参考生产实际表现‘,YY021’中部烟叶易烤性和耐烤性中等,有中亲优势,无超亲优势。

箱式烘烤对烤后烟叶品质的影响

[目的]深入探讨箱式烘烤方式下烤烟综合品质特征,加快箱式烘烤技术在烤烟生产中的推广应用。[方法]以潍坊烟区NC55烟叶为试验材料,开展了箱式烘烤与传统挂竿烘烤对比试验,从外观质量、物理特性、常规成分、感官质量和化学成分多个维度系统分析了箱式烘烤下烟叶品质特性。[结果]与挂竿烘烤相比,箱式烘烤烟叶外观质量、物理特性和感官质量接近或高于挂竿烘烤;箱式烘烤中部烟叶总糖、还原糖、淀粉、糖碱比显著高于挂竿烘烤,总氮和氮碱比显著低于挂竿烘烤,上部烟叶中仅淀粉箱式烘烤显著高于挂杆烘烤;箱式烘烤糖醇类香气前体物含量显著高于挂竿烘烤,中部烟叶大部分香气前体物和香气物质含量箱式烘烤低于挂竿烘烤,上部烟叶中差异相对较小。[结论]箱式烘烤2个部位烟叶品质大都较挂竿烘烤有不同程度的提升,可在实际生产中推广应用。

典型复合材料结构固化变形仿真预测与控制验证

针对典型复合材料结构固化成型过程中变形难以控制的问题,本文对典型复合材料结构的固化变形进行仿真预测,从固化工艺和模具补偿两方面对固化变形加以控制和验证。固化工艺方面以各设计点变形数据为基础确定了最优固化工艺曲线,模具补偿方面提出了一种构件有限元模型自适应调整的方法,综合考虑固化工艺参数与模具型面补偿采用了一种基于全局补偿量的协同控制方法。结果表明,通过仿真模拟L形构件的固化变形误差为12.4%,借助响应面优化算法得到的L形构件最优固化工艺曲线其固化变形预测值与各试验设计点最大变形的最小值偏差不超过3.3%;T形加筋壁板有限元模型经自适应调整后,对于下表面与目标型面之间的偏差距离,数值模拟值与试验测量值的最大相对误差为17.20%。通过全局补偿量的协同控制方法对半筒形壁板的模具进行补偿,其固化变形最大值相比于传统单一模具型面补偿控制方法降低了接近90%。

改良热泵密集烤房烘烤工艺及其效果分析

为进一步利用热泵密集烤房优势,解决热泵密集烤房与现有工艺不匹配、初烤烟叶化学成分提升不明显等问题,对传统三段式烘烤工艺进行改良,对初烤烟叶的主要化学成分、石油醚提取物、多酚类物质、香气代谢产物及评吸质量进行分析。结果表明:与传统三段式烘烤工艺相比,可变频密集烤房采用改良三段式烘烤工艺后效果较好,其初烤烟叶化学成分赋值提高8.9%,淀粉含量下降20.0%,中性致香物质含量提高0.7%,多酚类物质含量提高49.4%,评吸得分提高6.2%。说明改良三段式烘烤工艺可促进烟叶香气代谢产物的积累和化学质量、评吸质量的提高。综合分析,改良后的三段式烘烤工艺能够有效提升热泵密集烤房初烤烟叶质量,有较好的实用价值。

可信执行环境标准在金融支付场景下的应用

围绕金融支付创新,以GB/T 41388—2022《信息安全技术可信执行环境基本安全规范》和GB/T 42572—2023《信息安全技术可信执行环境服务规范》两项可信执行环境标准为基础,开展了在金融支付场景下的手机Pay与手机POS产品创新实践,在手机这类消费类电子设备上提供了既安全又便捷的产品体验,为标准在金融领域中的实施发挥了引领作用。

干腌牛肉活性肽的分离与抗氧化性能研究

该研究对不同时期干腌牛肉进行了抗氧化和抑菌活性的评价,并发现了5个具有良好抗氧化活性的短肽。盐酸提取法发现腌制后粗肽含量相比未腌制增加了17.8%。3种不同处理方式(未处理、胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶)后粗肽液氨基酸含量分别为29.81、64.199、258.111 mg/mL。圆二色谱发现粗肽在195、215 nm附近有吸收带,在205 nm附近有较弱吸收带。茚三酮法测试肽链平均分子质量为19.26~27.02 kDa。通过检测DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、ABTS阳离子自由基和羟自由基清除率确定其抗氧化能力。结果表明,干腌牛肉具有较好的抗氧化活性,粗肽(1 mg/mL)对4种自由基的清除率分别为78.33%、81.05%、26.89%和36.92%。通过稳定性测试,发现0%NaCl、60℃和pH 7.0时抗氧化能力最强。粗肽也对O517型大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌有抑菌能力,5 mg/mL时分别可以达到75.45%、48.53%和44%。经过SephadexG-25和SephadexG-15分别进行2次分离纯化后发现5个肽具有良好的抗氧化活性,分别为DALKKK、FDGDF、HLPSDF、FLSDH、TPTDWK。所以,干腌牛肉制品可能在抗氧化以及抑菌方面促进人体健康。

烤烟新品种川烟101的选育及特征特性

烤烟新品种川烟101(原编号A601)是以(红花大金元×RG11)F_(1)为母本、(云烟85×K346)F_(1)为父本杂交,以提高品种黑胫病抗性、烟叶易烤性为主要目标,经系谱法选育而成的烤烟纯系新品种。该品种田间长势强,植株塔形,叶片开片较好,适应性广,成熟特性好,易烘烤,中抗黑胫病和赤星病。综合经济性状显著优于主对照品种K326和副对照品种云烟87;综合感官质量、物理特性优于主对照品种K326和副对照品种云烟87,香型风格凸显程度较强;综合质量与主对照K326相当,优于副对照云烟87。川烟101是一个抗性、产量和品质都较好的优良烤烟纯系新品种,适合在西南烟区、东南烟区推广种植。