Revision of the National Standard on Safety Specification for Power Driven Vehicles Operating on Roads

The national standard--Safety Specifications for Power Driven VehiclesOperating on Roads--is the most basic technical regulation for safety and technical management ofmotor vehicles in China. It is the safety and technical basis for the Public Security TrafficControl Dept. to register new vehicles, periodic inspection of vehicles under operation andinspection of vehicles involved in traffic accidents. It is also one of the important technicalbases of our country for compulsory inspection of new vehicles on fi-nalization of its model,ex-works inspection of new vehicles and the inspection of imported motor vehicles. Since the formalcountrywide implementation of GB7258-1997 Safety Specifications for Power Driven Vehicles Operatingon Roads on Jan. 1, 1998, the standard has played a very active role in strengthening the operatingsafety management of motor vehicles, improving the operating safety level of motor vehicles, and insafeguarding road traffic safety, etc. However, along with the rapid and sustainable growth of ournational economy, the number of motor vehicles has increased rapidly, especially privately-ownedautomobiles, so that the incidence of road traffic accidents rises yearly and the road trafficsafety situation is becoming increasingly serious. Therefore, the General Administration of QualitySupervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China (AQSIQ) and theStandardization Administration of China (SAC) have issued the revised standard GB725 8-2004 SafetySpecifications for Power Driven Vehicles Operating on Roads, which will be put into effect onOctober 1, 2004. The timely revision of this standard is very necessary for upgrading the safety andtechnical requirements for motor vehicles in China.

Effects of aggregating forests, establishing forest road networks, and mechanization on operational efficiency and costs in a mountainous region in Japan

We investigated forest road networks and forestry operations before and after mechanization on aggregated forestry operation sites. We developed equations to estimate densities of road networks with average slope angles, operational efficiency of bunching operations with road network density, and average forwarding distances with operation site areas. Subsequently, we analyzed the effects of aggregating forests, establishing forest road networks, and mechanization on operational efficiency and costs. Six ha proved to be an appropriate operation site area with minimum operation expenses. The operation site areas of the forest owners＇ cooperative in this region aggregated approximately 6 ha and the cooperative conducted forestry operations on aggregated sites. Therefore, 6 ha would be an appropriate operation site area in this region. Regarding road network density, higher-density road networks increased operational expenses due to the higher direct operational expenses of strip road establishment. Therefore, road network density should be reduced to approximately 200 m.

Automatic Extraction of Urban Road Centerlines from High-Resolution Satellite Imagery Using Automatic Thresholding and Morphological Operation Method

The commercial high-resolution imaging satellite with 1 m spatial resolution IKONOS is an important data source of information for urban planning and geographical information system (GIS) applications. In this paper, a morphological method is proposed. The proposed method combines the automatic thresholding and morphological operation techniques to extract the road centerline of the urban environment. This method intends to solve urban road centerline problems, vehicle, vegetation, building etc. Based on this morphological method, an object extractor is designed to extract road networks from highly remote sensing images. Some filters are applied in this experiment such as line reconstruction and region filling techniques to connect the disconnected road segments and remove the small redundant. Finally, the thinning algorithm is used to extract the road centerline. Experiments have been conducted on a high-resolution IKONOS and QuickBird images showing the efficiency of the proposed method.

Research on Government Compensation for Toll Road Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) Projects

With the continuous implementation of the PPP projects,due to the imperfection of relevant policies,the blindness of government subsidy is constantly emerging.Thus,it is important to put forward a practical approach for valuing the subsidies and risk.In this paper,the revenue subsidies model and traffic subsidies model are established.Then combined with practical cases,Monte Carlo simulation is used to get the value and probability of government subsidies under different compensation ways.On this basis,the influence of initial traffic volume and traffic growth rate on government subsidies and net present value of investors is analyzed.The research findings can provide theoretical guidance for the government to choose a reasonable way of subsidies,balance the risk of compensation,and formulate subsidies policies.

High Logistics Cost, Toll Road and Institutional Factors Countermeasure in China

Logistics industry has become the driving force of economic growth. However, the logistics industry develops very slowly because the institutional factors have critically hindered the whole development of logistics industry in China. Institutional factors are regarded as the important factor for logistics cost under the market segmentation of peasant mentality. By comparison of the institutional costs in United States, Japan, India and the Europe, deep reason of high cost behind cost driving force is analyzed. Countermeasure is put forward, such as reducing the prices of domestic toll road, using fuel tax as implemented for highway construction funds, and decreasing the restricted policy for carrying freight cars etc..

Risk Threats in a Creative Funding Scheme for Infrastructure Project in Indonesia： Cileunyi-Sumedang-Dawuan Toll Road Project Case

A creative solution to financial gap in Indonesian infrastructure development is the Public Private Partnership （PPP） scheme. One of the constraints in PPP implementation in toll road infrastructure is the lack of interest from the private sector, which are caused by the uncertainties defined as risks surrounding the project. This urges the importance of risk analysis on project investment to describe the measurement of risk allocated to the private sector. This paper aims at measuring the risks impacts on the project viability using Cileunyi-Sumedang-Dawuan （Cisumdawu） Toll Road section as the case and finding some creative way out. By employing Monte Carlo risk analysis technique we are able to measure the risk impact perceived by the private sector through probability distribution of the project NPV and IRR. Based on the result of Monte Carlo analysis on the Cisumdawu toll road, the overall risk impact perceived by the private sector is too much to bear. The risks considered as high-impact are risks on land acquisition, risks on construction, risks on toll revenue, risks on interest rates and disaster risks on post construction phase. The result shows the importance of decreasing the risk level on the mentioned risk that can be done through the increased participation of local government in managing the toll road projects. A creative solution again is needed to strike balance between the interest of private sector and that of public sector to deal with risks.

Three-dimensional thermohaline structure estimation derived from HY-2 satellite data over the Maritime Silk Road and its applications

Estimated ocean subsurface fields derived from satellite observations provide potential data sources for operational marine environmental monitoring and prediction systems.This study employs a statistic regression reconstruction method,in combination with domestic autonomous sea surface height and sea surface temperature observations from the Haiyang-2(HY-2)satellite fusion data,to establish an operational quasi-realtime three-dimensional(3D)temperature and salinity products over the Maritime Silk Road.These products feature a daily temporal resolution and a spatial resolution of 0.25°×0.25°and exhibit stability and continuity.We have demonstrated the accuracy of the reconstructed thermohaline fields in capturing the 3D thermohaline variations through comprehensive statistical evaluations,after comparing them against Argo observations and ocean analysis data from 2022.The results illustrate that the reconstructed fields effectively represent seasonal variations in oceanic subsurface structures,along with structural changes resulting from mesoscale processes,and the upper ocean’s responses to tropical cyclones.Furthermore,the incorporation of HY-2 satellite observations notably enhances the accuracy of temperature and salinity reconstructions in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and marginally improves salinity reconstruction accuracy in the North Indian Ocean when compared to the World Ocean Atlas 2018 monthly climatology thermohaline fields.As a result,the reconstructed product holds promise for providing quasi-real-time 3D temperature and salinity field information to facilitate fast decisionmaking during emergencies,and also offers foundational thermohaline fields for operational ocean reanalysis and forecasting systems.These contributions enhance the safety and stability of ocean subsurface activities and navigation.

The Netherlands Willing to Participate in the "Belt and Road" Initiative

For years,both China and the Netherlands have been committed to bulding up wideranging cooperative relations.As Chinese enterprises get"out",many of them choose the Netherlands as the entrance to the European Union,and set up operations there.Last October at the Great Hall of the People,Chinese President Xi Jinping met Willem Alexander,the King of

Logistics Implications of Urban Road Pricing

Urban road pricing schemes are becoming increasingly popular among researchers and politicians as they promise a handle on increasing inner city traffic and economy as well as sustainable improvements for cities facing huge congestion and pollution problems. As in the cases of London and Stockholm, many European cities are going to implement such toll systems, especially as also the European Commission is voting for such pricing schemes in the recent white book on transportation and traffic, This research therefore provides a description of different urban road pricing schemes, their cost implications for city （last mile） transport as well as the decision and management options derived from these schemes for logistics companies. These options are furthermore checked regarding their advantages and disadvantages under the described toll schemes.

Research on the Optimization Design of Intersections for Safe Operation of Large Trucks

When big trucks are running at urban road intersections,they are easy to interfere with other motor vehicles,and the turning big trucks are easy to have conflicts with non-motor vehicles and pedestrians,which will affect the safety of intersections.This paper first studied the intersection of trucks to the running trajectory,on this basis,through the establishment of mathematical model analysis of large truck steering conditions inside the wheel,and the influence of blind area to the driver.In the research of intersection safety design,the safety design is divided into three parts:Entrance road,internal operation and signal control.At the same time,the design method of the entrance road,the interior of the intersection and the signal control is given,which improves the safety of the truck driving at the intersection.Finally,the intersection of Jungong road and Zhoujiazui road in Yangpu district of Shanghai was selected as a case,and the optimal design of the intersection for large trucks was carried out through the investigation and analysis of actual data.The evaluation and analysis were carried out by using the multi-index matter-element model.The results show that the comprehensive safety correlation degree of the intersection is reduced to 0.42,and the safety level of is improved by one level.

主要国际大通道形成模式、运维经验及对中国的启示

国际大通道内涵丰富,形成模式多样,融合性强,目前学界、业界尚无统一定义;但其在全球化持续深入背景下,对国家、地区乃至全球发展的基础性、战略性作用日益突出。马六甲海峡、苏伊士运河等主要国际大通道的稳定发展,得益于相关政府的科学规划、协同联动,以及企业主体的国际化运作和绿色、数字实践等。我国对现代国际大通道的建设、研究等起步晚、基础弱,应深入研究国际大通道发展情况,借鉴相关国家政府、企业的经验做法,提升国际大通道建设、维护和把控能力,充分利用国际大通道促进高水平对外开放,推动共建“一带一路”高质量发展,保障我国全球利益和发展安全,推动构建国内国际双循环新发展格局。

不确定环境下收费与信息对路径选择行为影响的实验研究

在不确定环境下考虑信息发布与拥挤收费两种措施,基于交通网络均衡,推导了两路径简单路网的最优收费模型,并推广至一般路网。基于两路径路网设计逐日路径选择行为实验,分析了两种措施对路径选择行为的影响。结果表明:完美信息与收费的实施均能减少流量波动,单独实施收费的效果最佳,但只有两种措施相结合时,路网流量趋于用户均衡的趋势最稳定;完美信息会增加路径切换行为,而收费可有效抑制大幅的路径切换;无收费时路径切换往往会造成出行成本增加,而收费时则相反;收费与信息结合时的出行时间比两种措施单独实施时小。

ATIS与收费策略下多用户随机均衡的效率损失

考虑ATIS作用的交通网络,用户具有交通信息接受程度的异质性;进一步,考虑实施道路收费策略情形下,用户具有时间价值的异质性;基于这两类异质性,研究了ATIS下异质性交通网络的效率损失问题。用户对ATIS系统的响应程度,亦即ATIS信息遵从率,是影响ATIS系统运行效率的关键因素。因此,通过ATIS信息遵从率参数的引入,将用户分为不同类型。假设用户均按照随机方式进行择路,建立了基于时间准则与基于费用准则的多用户Logit-随机均衡变分不等式。当系统总出行成本包含收费时,建立了多用户双准则系统最优模型,界定了多用户Logit-随机均衡相对于多用户系统最优的效率损失,推导出效率损失上界;进一步分析了当路段阻抗函数为多项式情形时,引入了自由流出行时间参数,给出了双准则下效率损失上界的解析式,分析了效率损失上界与各参数之间的关系。研究结论表明,双准则下效率损失上界为ATIS信息遵从率的减函数;此外,效率损失上界与路段阻抗函数、用户时间价值及其对路网的熟悉程度、路网本身复杂程度等因素有关。最后,通过算例验证了结论的有效性。

省域高速公路网车辆碳排放量测算方法

提出一种基于联网收费数据测算省域高速公路碳排放量的方法,通过车辆理论油耗模型,结合车型差异、车辆总质量、汽车运行工况等因素,实现路段级碳排放的精细计算.依托高速公路收费数据,通过数据清洗和聚合,计算路段平均速度,运用TransCAD实现交通分配;运用Python实现Dijkstra算法确定实际行驶路径矩阵,结合路段平均速度和NEDC工况曲线构建汽车行驶工况;通过MOVES数据库反推燃油消耗率来计算油耗并转化为碳排放量;以宁夏回族自治区为例,计算月度省域高速公路碳排放量,并分析碳排放分布特征,通过MOVES、COPERT模拟及对比国家统计局数据发布的各类燃料消耗量,验证测算方法的可行性.结果表明,2019年9月宁夏回族自治区高速公路碳排放总量为21.04万t,客货分布比为1:3.92;5轴及以上的重型货车碳排放量占货车总量的82.34%;乘用车碳排放量占客车总量的83.18%;碳排放量主要集中在连接省会城市和周边地级市的路网干道;模型测算结果较MOVES高出15.86%,较COPERT高出32.16%,与由国家和地方统计部门公布的燃油消费量折算为碳排放量的偏差率仅为4.29%.研究可揭示省域高速公路上各车型的碳排放量及各路段的碳排放分布特征.

基于设计运行条件的实际道路测试场景复杂度计算模型

自动驾驶车辆在实际道路行驶的安全性与外部交通要素、驾驶员状态以及本车状态密切相关。自动驾驶面临的一大难题是实际交通环境具有道路形态、自然环境、交通参与者及事件等在时间和空间维度的随机性特征,测试场景复杂度存在的差异造成了自动驾驶测试过程的不可复现性和测试结果的不可对比性,导致自动驾驶评价缺乏统一量化的测试环境基准。本文提出了一种基于设计运行条件的实际道路测试场景复杂度计算模型,系统考虑了网联功能、驾驶员感知能力、本车执行能力对自动驾驶车辆在实际道路中面临相关场景时的复杂度影响,建立了以道路等级、交通设施、临时交通变化、交通参与者、自然环境、网联信息、驾驶员状态和本车状态等8个要素大类为基础的自动驾驶实际道路测试场景复杂度计算模型要素库,建立了基于设计运行条件和层次分析法的自动驾驶功能实际道路测试场景复杂度计算模型。采用基于智能化网联化的技术逻辑影响传递机制计算场景要素权重系数,并在实际道路测试中验证了本文方法的可行性和合理性。

数据中心主机房的能效评价方法及提升路径

本研究主要根据数据中心主机房的气流组织和UPS应用的实测结果,分析低负载率工况下气流组织存在的问题和UPS电源质量和运行效率,提出相应的机房能效提升路径,从而降低数据中心PUE值。

基于双层规划模型的“才”字形交叉口禁流向交通组织方法研究

为解决城市多路交叉口车流复杂导致的交通拥堵和交通安全问题,针对多路交叉口中的“才”字形交叉口,明确其特点,对交叉口部分交通流向禁行的必要性进行分析。基于双层规划构建交叉口禁流向交通组织模型,以局部路网中车均行驶时间最小为目标,判别交叉口各流向车流是否禁行,并确定禁流向后交通组织方案,减少交叉口内车流及冲突点数量。以哈尔滨市学府路—西大直街交叉口为例,比较禁流向交通组织方案和单向交通组织方案,发现此交叉口禁流向交通组织更优,冲突点个数减少52%,路网车均行驶时间下降0.98%。考虑交通量变化分析禁流向交通组织模型的适用性,发现OD量变化超过26%时模型适用性较差,潮汐现象明显的交叉口,应设置单向交通组织。

城市道路工况全触屏模式下空调操作风险特性

针对全触屏空调操作给驾驶过程带来的潜在风险,以典型城市道路工况为对象,设计搭建了全触屏和传统人机交互两类驾驶实验平台,采集了19名被试在40、60 km/h速度情况下的空调操作过程人-车系统数据。采用单因素方差分析和线性拟合对数据进行分析。结果表明:与按键式相比,触屏式完成任务总时间(T TD)更长;单次注视时间(S GD)大于1.5 s的占比增大20%左右,车辆运行风险更大;方向盘转角标准差(S DSWA)更小,接近于0。单次手部操作时间(S HOD)与次任务步骤数呈正比关系;随车速增加,按键模式下次任务的单次注视时间(S GD)大于1.5 s占比减少10%左右,车辆运行风险降低;完成任务总时间(T TD)、单次注视时间(S GD)及单次手部操作时间(S HOD)的均值数据均无显著变化。因此,在全触屏交互界面普及的今天,应保留处理空调类操作任务的按键,并优化按键布局或按动效果。

快速路与所接普通道路资源利用动态评价方法

中国的城市道路网络大多是由快速路和普通道路组成的混合路网,快速路与其衔接普通道路间的交通运行高度关联.为了能够从整个混合路网系统的角度准确评价交通运行状况,从而提出针对性的拥堵改善措施,本研究构建快速路与所接普通道路资源利用动态评价方法.综合考虑两个路网系统的差异性,以及交通运行的随机性和动态性,提出基于运行通行能力的动态道路利用率指标,在此基础上建立道路利用率不均衡度用于描述该区域的均衡特征.建立基于生存分析法的动态道路利用率计算方法,进行混合路网交通流失效判别,并分别计算交通流失效前后道路运行通行能力,最终得到动态道路利用率的取值.以上海市南北高架路为例,进行道路资源利用动态评价分析.结果表明,快速路与所接普通道路在不同路段组合和不同时段的道路资源利用程度差异较大,快速路与所接普通道路的道路利用率存在显著不均衡特征.研究结果可为交通管理部门实施动态交通诱导与协同控制策略提供依据.

基于博弈论组合赋权云物元模型的城市道路交通系统风险评价

为保障城市道路交通系统安全运行,降低城市交通事故发生概率,提出了一种基于博弈论组合赋权云物元城市道路交通系统风险评价模型。从城市道路交通系统风险因素出发,结合《城市道路交通管理评价指标体系》,选取实习期驾驶员比例等15个风险评价指标,构建“人-车-道-环”评价指标体系。基于云物元模型,解决评价指标中存在模糊性与随机性的问题,同时采用博弈论将C-OWA有序加权算子处理的专家打分值和改进熵权法求出的权重进行组合优化,围绕待评物元与风险等级之间的隶属度,计算得出风险等级。将该模型应用于中国西部某城市A道路交通系统,展开风险评价,同时将该模型的评价结果与C-OWA云物元模型和熵权云物元模型的评价结果进行对比。结果表明:该模型得出城市A道路交通系统中各指标风险评价结果与实地走访调研结果及实际情况基本一致,且博弈论组合赋权云物元城市道路交通系统风险评价模型更加具有实用性和有效性,可为城市道路交通系统风险评价提供新思路。