This literature review examines the mechanisms of how exercise, specifically in the form of resistance training, may lead to pain relief in the cancer population. Primary data from three different cancer populations: ...This literature review examines the mechanisms of how exercise, specifically in the form of resistance training, may lead to pain relief in the cancer population. Primary data from three different cancer populations: breast, prostate, and lung, will be examined. A number of experimental studies have been conducted to confirm the effectiveness of resistance training on pain relief as well as the biochemical pathways that relate to this process. In this review, we will examine 5 randomized controlled trials. For the purposes of this review, pain is defined as physical suffering or discomfort associated with illness. Pain is the body’s natural signal, bringing attention to damage that has been sustained by tissues. However, chronic pain is common in the cancer population, and often serves no good purpose but instead will negatively impact both physical and mental health. The three types of pain: nociceptive, neuropathic, and inflammatory pathways have been investigated, and the knowledge of pain mechanisms allows for the understanding of how it is associated with pain. The purpose of this exploratory literature review is to give insight on how to maximize pain-relieving effects of resistance training. Research has indicated that resistance training modulates pain pathways by upregulating the release of pain-relieving substances including beta-endorphins, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and endocannabinoids. Understanding of the benefits of resistance training may be useful in relieving cancer pain, and reproducing effects of pain-relieving strategies while minimizing the symptoms related to cancer and its treatment.展开更多
Background: The common cold is inarguably a multi-symptom syndrome. Thus, patients commonly use several medicinal products simultaneously to treat a range of co-existing clinical manifestations. Topical ointments...Background: The common cold is inarguably a multi-symptom syndrome. Thus, patients commonly use several medicinal products simultaneously to treat a range of co-existing clinical manifestations. Topical ointments with medicated vapours are a popular and effective treatment for the relief of various respiratory tract symptoms. Vicks VapoRub (VVR), a paraffin-based therapeutic ointment containing levomenthol, eucalyptus oil, turpentine oil and camphor, is frequently combined with other cough and cold treatments. However, little is known about which medications are commonly taken together and how patients experience the combined efficacy. Methods: A 20-question online survey to assess habits and beliefs amongst cold sufferers was conducted using the Toluna Start platform. A total of 1513 adults that had suffered from a cold or mild COVID-19 infection in the preceding 12 months were recruited from five European countries. Results: Most cold sufferers combined VVR with other cold medicines, such as paracetamol (75.9%), multi-symptom relief (MSR) products (64.0%) or nasal decongestants (57.0%) to treat their symptoms. VVR was mainly used topically, at night, and on days 3 - 4 of the disease. The addition of VVR to the treatment regimen was perceived as highly effective at relieving multiple cold symptoms. Furthermore, improved sleep and a free breathing sensation were attributed to VVR when used in combination with other cold remedies. Statements on VVR regarding effectiveness, sleep, sleep + effectiveness, speed of action and user satisfaction were agreed upon by a total of 74.8% to 88.3% of panellists. Conclusion: Our survey confirms that in Europe, VVR is commonly used as part of a regimen to manage cold symptoms, and contributes to better overall perceived relief as part of a multi-facetted treatment approach. Prospective clinical data are needed to further confirm these results.展开更多
滑坡易发性评价是滑坡灾害防治的重要手段之一,而不合理的滑坡负样本会影响滑坡易发性评价,从而影响到滑坡灾害的防治,因此提供一种合理的负样本选取方法变得尤为关键。以西藏米林市的古滑坡为例,选择高程、坡度、坡向、坡位、距道路距...滑坡易发性评价是滑坡灾害防治的重要手段之一,而不合理的滑坡负样本会影响滑坡易发性评价,从而影响到滑坡灾害的防治,因此提供一种合理的负样本选取方法变得尤为关键。以西藏米林市的古滑坡为例,选择高程、坡度、坡向、坡位、距道路距离、距断层距离、距水系距离、地形起伏度、地层岩性、土地利用类型10类环境因子,使用Relief算法计算环境因子的贡献值并依据贡献值优化选择环境因子;基于环境因子优化的目标空间外向化采样法(target space exteriorization sampling,简称TSES)选择负样本,作为性能优异的随机森林模型的输入变量;之后结合优化的环境因子和正或负样本预测米林市的滑坡易发性,并用混淆矩阵和ROC曲线评价构建模型的性能。为检验环境因子优化的TSES法的有效性和先进性,采用耦合信息量法和TSES法选择滑坡负样本并构建随机森林模型,与环境因子优化的TSES法构建的随机森林模型进行对比研究。结果表明,环境因子优化的TSES法构建的随机森林模型的评价效果较好,其ACC为93.7%、AUC为0.987,均高于耦合信息量、TSES法构成的模型。环境因子优化的TSES法能够提高模型的精度,解决多因子作为约束条件取样中因子选取的问题,为滑坡易发性评价采集负样本提供了新的思路。展开更多
文摘This literature review examines the mechanisms of how exercise, specifically in the form of resistance training, may lead to pain relief in the cancer population. Primary data from three different cancer populations: breast, prostate, and lung, will be examined. A number of experimental studies have been conducted to confirm the effectiveness of resistance training on pain relief as well as the biochemical pathways that relate to this process. In this review, we will examine 5 randomized controlled trials. For the purposes of this review, pain is defined as physical suffering or discomfort associated with illness. Pain is the body’s natural signal, bringing attention to damage that has been sustained by tissues. However, chronic pain is common in the cancer population, and often serves no good purpose but instead will negatively impact both physical and mental health. The three types of pain: nociceptive, neuropathic, and inflammatory pathways have been investigated, and the knowledge of pain mechanisms allows for the understanding of how it is associated with pain. The purpose of this exploratory literature review is to give insight on how to maximize pain-relieving effects of resistance training. Research has indicated that resistance training modulates pain pathways by upregulating the release of pain-relieving substances including beta-endorphins, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and endocannabinoids. Understanding of the benefits of resistance training may be useful in relieving cancer pain, and reproducing effects of pain-relieving strategies while minimizing the symptoms related to cancer and its treatment.
文摘Background: The common cold is inarguably a multi-symptom syndrome. Thus, patients commonly use several medicinal products simultaneously to treat a range of co-existing clinical manifestations. Topical ointments with medicated vapours are a popular and effective treatment for the relief of various respiratory tract symptoms. Vicks VapoRub (VVR), a paraffin-based therapeutic ointment containing levomenthol, eucalyptus oil, turpentine oil and camphor, is frequently combined with other cough and cold treatments. However, little is known about which medications are commonly taken together and how patients experience the combined efficacy. Methods: A 20-question online survey to assess habits and beliefs amongst cold sufferers was conducted using the Toluna Start platform. A total of 1513 adults that had suffered from a cold or mild COVID-19 infection in the preceding 12 months were recruited from five European countries. Results: Most cold sufferers combined VVR with other cold medicines, such as paracetamol (75.9%), multi-symptom relief (MSR) products (64.0%) or nasal decongestants (57.0%) to treat their symptoms. VVR was mainly used topically, at night, and on days 3 - 4 of the disease. The addition of VVR to the treatment regimen was perceived as highly effective at relieving multiple cold symptoms. Furthermore, improved sleep and a free breathing sensation were attributed to VVR when used in combination with other cold remedies. Statements on VVR regarding effectiveness, sleep, sleep + effectiveness, speed of action and user satisfaction were agreed upon by a total of 74.8% to 88.3% of panellists. Conclusion: Our survey confirms that in Europe, VVR is commonly used as part of a regimen to manage cold symptoms, and contributes to better overall perceived relief as part of a multi-facetted treatment approach. Prospective clinical data are needed to further confirm these results.
文摘滑坡易发性评价是滑坡灾害防治的重要手段之一,而不合理的滑坡负样本会影响滑坡易发性评价,从而影响到滑坡灾害的防治,因此提供一种合理的负样本选取方法变得尤为关键。以西藏米林市的古滑坡为例,选择高程、坡度、坡向、坡位、距道路距离、距断层距离、距水系距离、地形起伏度、地层岩性、土地利用类型10类环境因子,使用Relief算法计算环境因子的贡献值并依据贡献值优化选择环境因子;基于环境因子优化的目标空间外向化采样法(target space exteriorization sampling,简称TSES)选择负样本,作为性能优异的随机森林模型的输入变量;之后结合优化的环境因子和正或负样本预测米林市的滑坡易发性,并用混淆矩阵和ROC曲线评价构建模型的性能。为检验环境因子优化的TSES法的有效性和先进性,采用耦合信息量法和TSES法选择滑坡负样本并构建随机森林模型,与环境因子优化的TSES法构建的随机森林模型进行对比研究。结果表明,环境因子优化的TSES法构建的随机森林模型的评价效果较好,其ACC为93.7%、AUC为0.987,均高于耦合信息量、TSES法构成的模型。环境因子优化的TSES法能够提高模型的精度,解决多因子作为约束条件取样中因子选取的问题,为滑坡易发性评价采集负样本提供了新的思路。
